Bitrus Inuwa

Qualitative assessment of the clinico-pathological features of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 outbreaks in commercial poultry and peri-domestic birds in northern nigeria

• Authors Details :  
• Negedu Onogu Ameji,  
• Oludotun Olubusola Oladele,  
• Adanu Williams Adanu,  
• Alexander Ray Jambalang,  
• Bitrus Inuwa,  
• Ayuba Musa Haruna,  
• Clement Adebajo Meseko

Journal title : Journal of Biosciences and Medicines

Publisher : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.

Online ISSN : 2327-509X

Page Number : 273-288

Journal volume : 10

Journal issue : 09

206 Views Original Article

The control of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Nigeria from inception is predicated on effective biosecurity by stamping out policy but outbreaks of the disease continued to re-occur with altered clinico-pathologic manifestations. This study undertook the qualitative assessment of the clinico- pathological features of HPAI H5N1 during the 2021/2022 outbreaks in commercial poultry and peri-domestic birds in northern Nigeria. A total of 22 commercial poultry farms with 53,932 laying chickens and 3 households with 120 backyard broiler chickens, 18 indigenous chickens, 10 peafowls and 9 geese were investigated for HPAI. The clinico-pathologic manifestations observed in commercial poultry were subtle compared to previous presentations of the disease except in the peafowls, geese, broilers and indigenous chickens. The interspecies mortality rates significantly varied from 1.6% to 19.6% for laying chickens and 33.3% to 100% for broilers, indigenous chickens, geese and peafowls. Based on the history of sudden and high mortality, clinical signs and post mortem lesions observed, three diseases; HPAI, very virulent Newcastle disease and fowl cholera were drawn out as differential diagnoses. However, a tentative diagnosis of HPAI was made and samples were sent to the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria for confirmatory diagnosis. Results of the laboratory tests conducted on the samples using one step flu A screening and duplex real time RT-PCR and virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs confirmed HPAI H5N1 in twenty-five farms. It is concluded that the continuous though, irregular outbreaks of HPAI and emerging clinico-pathologic manifestations are pointers to failure of control and that the disease may become endemic. It is recommended that government should review its policy on the control of HPAI to include the adoption of zoned vaccination with close monitoring.

Article DOI & Crossmark Data

DOI : https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2022.109019

Article Subject Details

• Animal science
• Microbiology
• Public health

Article Keywords Details

• Altered Virulence
• Assessment
• Endemicity
• HPAI H5N1
• Nigeria

Article File

Full Text PDF

---

---

Article References

• (1). 10.1002/9781119421481.ch6
• (2). 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1194-1204
  https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.10/October-2017/7.pdf
• (3). 10.20506/rst.28.1.1856
• (4). 10.4314/sokjvs.v18i3.5
• (5). 10.36380/jwpr.2021.45
• (6). 10.4314/nvj.v39i1.1
• (7). 10.4314/sokjvs.v17i3.11
• (8). 10.1128/JCM.40.9.3256-3260.2002
• (9). 10.1038/srep27211
• (10). World Organization for Animal Health, WOAH (2021) Terrestrial Manual, Chapter 3.3.4. Avian Influenza (Infection with Avian Influenza Viruses). https://www.oie.int/en/what-we-do/standards/codes-and-manuals/terrestrial-manual-online-access
• (11). 10.3201/eid2107.150421
• (12). 10.3390/v13020212
• (13). 10.3201/eid2008.130910
• (14). 10.3201/eid1411.080555
• (15). Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, FMARD (2013) Self-Declaration from Nigeria on Its Disease-Free Status from Notifiable Avian Influenza. Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, 1-2.
• (16). Akanbi, O.B., Meseko, C.A., Odita, C.I., Shittu, I., Rimfa, A.G., Ugbe, D., Pam, L., Gado, D.A., Olawuyi, K.A., Mohammed, S.B., et al. (2016) Epidemiology and Clinicopathological Manifestation of Resurgent Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus in Nigeria, 2015. Nigeria Veterinary Journal, 37, 175-186. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/nvj/article/view/147399
• (17). 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70244-X
• (18). 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01195.x
• (19). 10.4314/nvj.v41i1.2

---

More Article by Bitrus Inuwa