Overall, disability refers to a physical or mental state that impairs an individual's ability to function in daily life. It suffices to say that disability is a medical-social issue that affects both the family and the nation. In a country like India, where girl children are frequently stigmatized as a burden on society, the condition of girl children with special needs is frequently subject to carelessness, lack of compassion, and illiteracy. Though the situation has improved slightly since the introduction of inclusive education, the situation is critical for tribal girl students with special needs. In a fragile socioeconomic environment, tribal girls are already vulnerable to high dropout rates, early marriage, and an ignorant attitude from family members, but the situation is pitiful for tribal girls with special needs. The tribal girl students with special needs suffer quadruple discrimination of being female, being disabled, being ST, and being socio-economically backward. Here, intervention through artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted devices can be critical in overcoming the barriers encountered by tribal girl students with special needs in the process of inclusion and development

Souren bhattacharya

The unprecedented global effort to develop and distribute COVID-19 vaccines has highlighted remarkable scientific achievements and persistent inequities in access across populations. Analyzing of regional vaccine deployment patterns reveals critical insights into pandemic response dynamics, shaped by manufacturing capacity, regulatory frameworks, procurement strategies, and regional health priorities. Data from WHO regions (Africa, the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, and Western Pacific) demonstrate significant disparities in vaccine types and suppliers, underscoring the complexity of global vaccination efforts. (Figure 1) illustrates this regional vaccine distribution by WHO regions.

Karishma

Diabetes is a global issue, the diabetes epidemic is expected to continue, and the burden of diabetes causes catastrophic expenditure for healthcare system. The current study aimed to determine the presentation, the clinical feature and cardio-vascular risk factors in patients with diabetes. A retrospective observational study had been conducted in out-patients department at Almustaqpal Almosherq Centre during September, 2013 till September, 2020, the total number of attended out-patients department were 1 024, 820 patients who were selected for this study. A special perform was completed for every patient, which included details about patient’s demographics, points in clinical history, relevant investigations and clinical examinations were recorded. The study reported that out of 820 patients, 66% (n = 538) was female and their age range was between 14 - 87 years with a mean age of 56.53 ± 13.49 years, 96% (n = 791) were clinically diagnosed as type II diabetes, 07% of the patients were diagnosed as pre-diabetes, the duration of diabetes ranged from newly diagnosed to more than 10 years, with 46% (n = 379) of the studied population were more than 10 years diabetes duration, 70% (581) were presented with classical symptoms of diabetes. Initial treatment for diabetes also different in the studied sample, were absent of anti-diabetic medications in 30% (n = 248) of the patients, they refused to start glucose lowering drugs, 34.6% (n = 284) of them have morbid obesity (body mass index is more than 40), 80% (n = 662) have high HBA1c (more than 8 g%), 40.3% (n = 240/596) were uncontrolled hypertension on anti-hypertension drugs, 95.6% (n = 682/713) were controlled on treatment of lipid lowering drugs. This study showing the presentation of diabetes were the common, type II diabetes, at age group between 41 - 66 years about 65%, female sex, with high body mass index, high glycated hemglobulin and uncontrolled hypertension. There is concern that diabetic patients were occurring at a high frequency in younger adults, where longer duration of illness could increase the risk of developing more complications in later life. The rate of coexist cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity) in Libyan patients with diabetes is highlighted.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This study investigates the access and equity challenges faced by tribal students in higher education institutions in Telangana, India. Despite various governmental initiatives aimed at improving educational outcomes for tribal communities, significant disparities persist. This research employs a comparative analysis across selected universities in Telangana, focusing on enrolment rates, retention, academic performance, and support services tailored for tribal students. Data is gathered through a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with students, faculty, and administrators to gain a comprehensive understanding of the barriers and facilitators affecting tribal education. The findings reveal systemic inequities related to socio-economic status, cultural relevance of curricula, and the availability of financial and academic support. Moreover, the study highlights successful practices and policies implemented by certain institutions that promote inclusive education and enhance access for tribal students. The results underscore the need for targeted interventions to create a more equitable higher education landscape in Telangana, ultimately contributing to the empowerment of tribal communities and their representation in the academic sphere.

Dr gedam kamalakar

Improving the agricultural productivity is an imminent need to meet the food requirement of constantly growing population rate. It can be gracefully satisfied if the farming process is integrated through technologies such as big data and IoT. The integration of agricultural processes with modern technologies has emerged as the smart agriculture technology. This research work is focused on proving the suitability of the big data analytics for smart agricultural processes in terms of increasing production and quality of yields with less resources and overhead. This research paper expounds the extensive review carried out on the related works in smart agricultural farming, challenges in implementing the smart farming technologies at large scale, followed by the conceptual framework model for the effective implementation of big data together with IoT devices in smart farming.

Dr h shaheen

Homoeopathy is one of the latest systems of medicine discovered at the latter part of 18th century, first rose to prominence in the 19th century due to its success in treating epidemics and is currently second largely utilized system of medicine globally. Prophylaxis through Homoeopathy has been strongly promulgated by stalwarts and popular among the general public in the recent times, but still controversy revolves around it. Aim of the study is to review the available literature for analyzing the usefulness of Homoeopathy in prophylaxis of human, animal as well as plant diseases. A comprehensive search has been made in electronic database aimed to target the available literature of various levels of evidence. Examples are summarized under different areas of applicability of homeopathic medicine as prophylactic. Currently there is convincing evidence to support effectiveness of Homoeopathy in prophylaxis, though sparse. More rigorous research studies are warranted to enlarge the horizon of its application.

Dr deepthi gilla

This paper proposes EPyNet, a deep learning architecture designed for energy reduced audio emotion recognition.In the domain of audio based emotion recognition, where discerning emotional cues from audio input is crucial, the integration of artificial intelligence techniques has sparked a transformative shift in accuracy and performance.Deep learning , renowned for its ability to decipher intricate patterns, spearheads this evolution. However, the energy efficiency of deep learning models, particularly in resource-constrained environments, remains a pressing concern. Convolutional operations serve as the cornerstone of deep learning systems. However, their extensive computational demands leading to energy-inefficient computations render them as not ideal for deployment in scenarios with limited resources. Addressing these challenges, researchers came up with one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) array convolutions, offering an alternative to traditional two-dimensional CNNs, with reduced resource requirements. However , this array-based operation reduced the resource requirement, but the energy-consumption impact was not studied. To bridge this gap, we introduce EPyNet, a deep learning architecture crafted for energy efficiency with a particular emphasis on neuron reduction. Focusing on the task of audio emotion recognition, We evaluate EPyNet on five public audio corpora-RAVDESS, TESS, EMO DB, CREMA D, and SAVEE.We propose three versions of EPyNet, a lightweight neural network designed for efficient emotion recognition, each optimized for different trade-offs between accuracy and energy efficiency. Experimental results demonstrated that the 0.06M EPyNet reduced energy consumed by 76.5% while improving accuracy by 5% on RAVDESS, 25% on TESS, and 9.75% on SAVEE. The 0.2M and 0.9M models reduced energy consumed by 64.9% and 70.3%, respectively. Additionally, we compared our Proposed 0.06M system with the MobileNet models on the CIFAR-10 dataset and achieved significant improvements. The 1035 proposed system reduces energy by 86.2% and memory by 95.7% compared to MobileNet, with a slightly lower accuracy of 0.8%. Compared to MobileNetV2, it improves accuracy by 99.2% and reduces memory by 93.8%. When compared to MobileNetV3, it achieves 57.2% energy reduction, 85.1% memory reduction, and a 24.9% accuracy improvement. We further test the scalability and robustness of the proposed solution on different data dimensions and frameworks.

Jiby mariya jose

The current study was designed to explore the antiemetic effect of the methanolic extracts of Acalypha fimbriata Schumach. & Thonn., Acalypha ornata Hochst., and Acalypha wilkesiana cv. godseffiana Muell Arg., aerial parts using chick emesis model to validate their folk use in G.I. disorders. Emesis was induced by the oral administration of copper sulfate to male chicks. All the extracts (150 mg/kg orally) showed an antiemetic effect and were compared with the reference drug chlorpromazine. Among all the extracts, Acalypha ornata Hochst., leaves extract showed the highest (94.51%) and Acalypha fimbriata Schumach. & Thonn., stem extract showed the lowest (35.04%) antiemetic effect.

Dr. salman ahmed

The kidney contains mineral deposits in various phases of calcium salts, such as calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4.2H2O) / brushite is a stable form of calcium phosphate, which exists in the form of kidney and bladder stones. The study aimed to explore the possible morphological features of brushite crystals. The study was carried out on a glass slide under a microscope to observe the growth patterns of these crystals. For this purpose, a drop of gel medium (sodium meta silicate solution + 1M orthophosphoric acid solution) at pH 4.99-5.09 was placed in the middle of a glass slide and converted into a gel. A 1M calcium chloride drop was added to form the gel adequately. The glass slide was observed under a microscope till it was completely dried. Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate was formed as elementary needles, needle clusters, an assemblage of needles with platy crystals, plates with spatial branches, radiating assemblage of platy crystals, star shape crystals and tetragonal bipyramidal. The Current study provides brushite crystallisation phases on glass slides for the first time. It may also be used as a model to evaluate prophylactic management against renal stones through in vitro assessment of crystal growth and aggregation inhibition and modulation of developing or developed crystals by using different natural products. However, it was a preliminary study with no quantitative or statistical analysis.

Dr. salman ahmed

Teaching and learning computer programming is challenging for many undergraduate first-year computer science students. During introductory programming courses, novice programmers need to learn some basic algorithms, gain algorithmic thinking, improve their logical and problem-solving thinking skills, and learn data types, data structures, and the syntax of the chosen programming language. In literature, we can find various methods of teaching programming that can motivate students and reduce students’ cognitive load during the learning process of computer programming, e.g., using robotic kits, microcontrollers, microworld environments, virtual worlds, serious games, interactive animations, and visualizations. In this paper, we focus mainly on algorithm visualizations, especially on the different models of data structures that can be effectively used in educational visualizations. First, we show how a vector (one-dimensional array), a matrix (two-dimensional array), a singly linked list, and a graph can be represented by various models. Next, we also demonstrate some examples of interactive educational algorithm animations for teaching and learning elementary algorithms and some sorting algorithms, e.g., swapping two variables, summing elements of the array, mirroring the array, searching the minimum or maximum of the array, searching the index of minimum or maximum of the array, sorting elements of the array using simple exchange sort, bubblesort, insertion sort, minsort, maxsort, quicksort, or mergesort. Finally, in the last part of the paper, we summarize our experiences in teaching algorithmization and computer programming using algorithm animations and visualizations and draw some conclusions.

Ladislav végh

Background and Objectives: The Bayelsa Health Insurance Scheme (BHIS) is a state-designed social security plan in which enrollees benefit from a shared pool of cash based on premiums paid by participants. The study aimed to assess the self-reported effectiveness, service utilization, level of satisfaction, and barriers among beneficiaries, and proffer solutions to improve the scheme. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire. This questionnaire assesses the BHIS impact in Kolokuma/Opokuma LGA through six sections capturing demographics, service utilization, satisfaction, financial implications, access barriers, and improvement solutions using standardized scales and matrices, preceded by informed consent. Data was analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Results: The major barriers to service utilization were constant unavailability of claimed services at accredited facilities (90.1%) excessive waiting time (76.4%), late/non-referral to specialized centers (67.5), rigid BHIS protocols (63.1%), insufficient insurance coverage (55.2%), complex billing systems (50.7%), and shortage of BHIS staff (50.0%). Conclusions: Possible solutions include the training and retraining of staff and service providers, providing subsidies for couples who are both government employees, initiating adequate supervision, monitoring, and feedback mechanisms, rapid referral protocols, and integrating and encouraging the establishment of health equity funds.

Karishma

Background: Evidence has suggested that school-based physical activity programs (SBPAPs) including structured physical education, extracurricular sports, and activity-based learningenhance memory and other cognitive functions. However, evidence on whether Indian adolescents can achieve improved cognition or increased academic performance also remains scarce. This study aimed to examine the relationship between SBPAPs and academic performance among Indian adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional, mixed study was carried out from October 2024 to March 2025 in public and private secondary schools in Haryana and Punjab, north India. A total of 300 students aged 13 to 17 years were divided into an intervention group (n = 150) who participated in structured physical activity (PA) of at least 150 minutes per week and a comparison group (n = 150) who were involved in less than 30 minutes of PA per week. Academic performance was assessed in terms of composite scores of core subjects, while the level of PA was measured using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. Independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson’s correlation analysis were all used for quantitative data handling. Qualitative data gathered from focus group discussions and key informant interviews with a subsample (n = 30) were thematically analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline demographics between the groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the comparison group, the intervention group showed significantly higher academic scores (mean = 76.4%, SD = 7.8; mean = 70.6%, SD = 8.4) with a moderate-to-large effect size (t = 6.30, p < 0.001, d = 0.72). A one-way ANOVA found that academic performance differed significantly among PA intensity levels (F(2,297) = 19.44, p < 0.001). There was a moderate positive correlation between PA levels and academic achievement (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). Qualitative findings corroborated quantitative data, showing that physically active students displayed improved concentration, emotional regulation, and academic motivation. Conclusions: Partaking in structured SBPAPs significantly increases Indian adolescents’ academic performance. These findings imply the necessity of including physical education in the academic curriculum as a low-cost, scalable method for supporting both cognitive growth and educational achievement.

Karishma

The mechanical heart valve prosthesis with a caged ball has been around for 60 years. It has since experienced changes and adjustments. The Starr–Edwards (SE) valve was a pioneer and was taken out of clinical use in the late 2000s. SE is reportedly close to or has reached the age of 50, according to numerous sources from around the globe. The author’s observations and review of the literature about thrombogenicity, pannus formation, left ventricular outflow tract obstructions, and infective endocarditis in the SE valves, which were reportedly higher before its clinical ending, were only an overestimation and were not supported by scientific data. However, it was less discussed in the article, along with potential benefits. The main reasons for its demise were its obtrusive size and unattractive shape. There have been several successful implantations of these valves in Asian nations and reports of fewer primary failures and unexpected cardiac fatalities. Therefore, there is a need for extensive data gathering, documentation, and more recent studies on these valves to prepare for a prospective revival of use with newer research, mainly when long-term durability is considered.

Karishma

Background: Information on Bleomycin pulmonary toxicity (BPT) in Qatar is scarce. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of BPT and to describe its clinical significance and outcome in germ cell tumor (GCT) patients who received bleomycin-containing regimens.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Center for Cancer Care and Research. It included all patients diagnosed with GCT and treated with a bleomycin-containing regimen between January 2002 and December 2008 Results: We identified fourteen patients with GCT who received bleomycin containing regimen. Four of them (28.5%) had developed BPT, and they were males with mean age of 39.3±8.3 years (range: 25-46 years). The calculated creatinine clearance before treatment was normal in the 4 cases. Evaluation of the chest computed tomography scan before starting bleomycin containing regimens revealed that none of our patients had pre-existing parenchymal lung disease. The mean cumulative bleomycin dose was 187.5± 153.7 U, while the mean time to onset of BPT was 3.5±2.1 months. Once the diagnosis of BPT was established, bleomycin was discontinued in the four patients and short courses of dexamethasone were administered. Two patients (50%) died, while one patient survived with a fibrosis sequel, and the fourth patient recovered without a fibrosis sequel. Conclusion: BPT is one of the life-threatening side effects of this drug that every doctor should be aware of when treating GCT, therefore, a high index of suspicious is needed for early recognition of BPTs.

Karishma

Background: Perinatal mortality remains high in developing countries, including Yemen. However, information on perinatal mortality in Yemen is lacking. This study aimed to find out the perinatal mortality rate in Aden General Hospital and to analyze the causes of perinatal mortality. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Aden General Hospital during the period from January 1, 2003 to June 30, 2004. It was a retrospective study for the first 6 months (January–June 2003) and prospective for the remaining period (July 2003–June 2004). Results: During the study period from January 1, 2003 to June 30, 2004, there were a total of 3770 births at Aden General Hospital, out of which there were 2976 births during the period from January to December 2003 and a further 794 births in the 6-month period from January to June 2004. The perinatal deaths were 166 (4.4%) giving a perinatal mortality rate of 44/1000 normal deliveries. Further analysis showed a total of 105 perinatal deaths in 2003 with a perinatal mortality rate of 35.3/1000 normal deliveries and 61 deaths in the period from January to June 2004 with a rate of 77/1000 normal deliveries. Unclassified deaths including premature cases accounted for 29% (n=48) of all causes, followed by mechanical causes 36 (21.7%). The mechanical causes are divided as follows, 33 (19. 9%) due to fetal distress and 3 (1.8%) due to breech presentation. Uncertain origin causes accounted for 19.3% (n=32) of all cases of death and toxemia was observed in 16 cases (9.6%), while malformation was found in 13 (7.8%) cases. Conclusion: The perinatal mortality rate in our center was 44/1000 deliveries. The major cause of perinatal mortality was prematurity, followed by mechanical causes. The most of the mortalities occurred outside the health facilities (extra-hospital).

Karishma

Investigating school performance and competencies, especially on leadership, received a considerable attention in the past. In fact, there have been multitudes of evidence that leadership can impact school performance, student achievement, or outcome. Also, there was no single measurement of school performance. This study examined the influence of leadership and core behavioral competencies on the school performance of school heads. This was to build a new model of school performance. Using an explanatory research design, it administered a survey questionnaire to 192 randomly chosen school heads from the 37 districts of Department of Education Division of Surigao del Sur. Also, it used data mining for the performance ratings of school heads from the division office. Regression analysis tested three hypothesized models of school performance where leadership and core behavior competencies serve as independent variables. Results showed that leading people was a significant predictor of school performance. Thus, leading people can best explain the school improvement as a proposed model. The results have implications for future research, leadership practice, and theoretical development of school performance model among school heads.

Manuel caingcoy

The seed flours of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Phaseolus lunatus Linn., and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. were investigated for their total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents by HPLC. The total oxalate content of Macrotyloma uniflorum, Phaseolus lunatus and Phaseolus vulgaris were 1.24, 1.77 and 1.71 mg/ g, respectively. The % age of soluble oxalate was Macrotyloma uniflorum (19.50), Phaseolus lunatus (15.08) and Phaseolus vulgaris (15.88). The calculated soluble oxalate: calcium ratio of all tested legume flours is lesser than one and hence will not create any resistance in calcium bioavailability.

Dr. salman ahmed

OpenCitations is an infrastructure organization for open scholarship dedicated to the publication of open citation data as Linked Open Data using Semantic Web technologies, thereby providing a disruptive alternative to traditional proprietary citation indexes. Open citation data are valuable for bibliometric analysis, increasing the reproducibility of large-scale analyses by enabling publication of the source data. Following brief introductions to the development and benefits of open scholarship and to Semantic Web technologies, this paper describes OpenCitations and its data sets, tools, services, and activities. These include the OpenCitations Data Model; the SPAR (Semantic Publishing and Referencing) Ontologies; OpenCitations’ open software of generic applicability for searching, browsing, and providing REST APIs over resource description framework (RDF) triplestores; Open Citation Identifiers (OCIs) and the OpenCitations OCI Resolution Service; the OpenCitations Corpus (OCC), a database of open downloadable bibliographic and citation data made available in RDF under a Creative Commons public domain dedication; and the OpenCitations Indexes of open citation data, of which the first and largest is COCI, the OpenCitations Index of Crossref Open DOI-to-DOI Citations, which currently contains over 624 million bibliographic citations and is receiving considerable usage by the scholarly community.

Kamal singh

Dietary fatty acid composition in broiler influences carcass quality by altering fat deposition and fatty acid profile. Thus, the study was carried out to evaluate the effect of incorporation of rapeseed oil in broiler ration on omega-3 fatty acid concentration of carcass and its traits in broiler chicken. A total of 160 day-old straight run broilers (Vencobb 400) were randomly divided into four treatment groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) having four replicates of ten chicks each. The basal diets (G1) were prepared to meet BIS (2007) nutrient requirements with palm oil at 1.5, 3, and 4.5 per cent in pre-starter, starter and finisher diets, respectively. The experimental diets were broiler rations prepared with rapeseed oil replacing 25, 50 and 100 per cent of palm oil in G2, G3 and G4 diets, respectively. The diets were fed ad libitum till 6 weeks of age. Six birds from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered on 42nd day to study omega-3 fatty acid concentration of carcass and its characteristics. The crude fat content of breast and thigh muscle was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in the group fed rapeseed oil included diets. However, carcass yield, processing yield and meat to bone ratio of cut up parts was not significantly affected. The colour and pH of breast and thigh muscles were similar among the treatment groups. Omega- 3 fatty acid concentration was significantly (P<0.01) increased in both breast and thigh muscle of G4 group broilers compared to G1 group. Thus, rapeseed oil inclusion in diet significantly increased omega-3 fatty acid concentration and significantly reduced crude fat concentration breast and thigh muscles with no effect on the carcass yield and its quality when included in the diet replacing palm oil at different proportion

Senthil murugan

Background: Pandemics are known to cause poor mental well-being and an increased risk of mental disorders. The foremost concern emerging from different aspects of COVID-19 is its impact on mental health. There were many surveys conducted on the general population related to the effect of COVID-19 and few studies on its psychological impact but there is sparse literature on how the containment measures affected the psychiatric patients. Objective of the study was to investigate whether the COVID-19 related lockdown affected the subjective mood and behavior of psychiatric patients and their caregivers. The secondary purpose is to assess the difficulties encountered in procuring medicines and the effect of non-availability of homoeopathic medicines if any. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on mentally ill patients and their care-givers in the Outpatient Department of Psychiatry in National Homoeopathy Research Institute in Mental Health (NHRIMH), Kottayam. Respondents were evaluated with a specially framed questionnaire containing 22 questions to assess the effect of lockdown on psychiatric patients and their caregivers, who attended the OPD after the COVID-19 related lockdown. The data generated through the study are analysed and presented in this article. Results: Out of the total 548 participants (M-65.9%, F-34.1%) who responded to the survey, 290 (53%) cases expressed that they were distressed to be under lockdown. 26.5% of the clients reported worsening of mental health conditions during lockdown compared to pre-lockdown. 54.2% of the patients found difficulty in procuring homoeopathic medicines during Lockdown. Conclusions: Authorities should consider the ways of limiting the effects of confinement on mentally ill patients and their caregivers by developing strategies to mitigate the adverse consequence of the pandemic.

Dr deepthi gilla