Avian influenza has impacted negatively on poultry production in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the status of avian influenza virus (AIV) antibodies in wild birds to provide early warning of an outbreak. One hundred and forty-six sera from five different species of wild birds were tested for antibodies to avian influenza A viruses (H5 and H9) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. An overall seroprevalence of 3.4% (5/146) was recorded in the study area. Seroprevalence of 6.67% (2/30) was recorded in speckled pigeons (Columba guinea) and Village weavers (Ploceus cucullatus) respectively and 3.33% (1/30) in Cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis). No antibodies were detected in laughing doves (Spilolepia senegalensis) and African silver bill (Euodice cantans). The serological detection of AIV subtypes H5 and H9 by HI showed the exposure of these birds to the two subtypes. The result from this study indicates evidence of the presence of H5 and H9 AI viruses in wild birds in Zaria, Kaduna State. Therefore, comprehensive surveillance of influenza A involving wild birds’ population and H5 as well as H9 subtype is recommended. This is necessary in order to know the actual status of these strains in the poultry population in Nigeria in view of their zoonotic and economic importance.

Bitrus inuwa

Subcutaneous emphysema is defined as a trapped air in tissues under the skin. This entity most often occurs in the chest wall and neck but can infrequently happen in other parts of the body like the orbital area [1]. The main mechanism of subcutaneous emphysema is the traumatic damage of the anatomical air-filled cavities or canals. Most of the rare, reported cases of orbital and periorbital emphysema were described in adults as complications of several types of traumas, including direct trauma, recent or previous surgery [2,3], barotrauma secondary to non-invasive ventilation, such as continuous positive airway pressure therapy [4], and even post forceful noseblowing [5]. In this report, we described the first reported case of post-vomiting subcutaneous emphysema surrounding the medial canthus of the right eye in a 10-year-old boy.

Karishma

Abstract Abundant solar energy is freely available almost round the year in India. As per the current scenario of global warming and climatic change, solar energy is the cleanest source in nature. Concentrated solar power (CSP)has hardly contributed to the overall installed solar power capacity in the country. CSP technologies are Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC), Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR), Paraboloid Dish and Solar Power Tower. This paper presents a review of CSP in solar parabolic dish concentrator to understand thermal aspect like thermal efficiency, optical efficiency, useful heat gain, heat losses, solar irradiation, etc. for various applications and current development. The current scenario of global CSP is discussed to meet the future challenges and need of the society.

Pramod wadate

Natural products, the most significant source for pharmaceutical development, have been investigated and utilized to alleviate diseases since early human history. The currently accepted modern medicine from different natural products has gradually developed over the years and is God's gift in the sense of traditional knowledge. Trustful humanity believes that drugs can cure every ill of natural origin. Natural medicines, prevalent in holy books, folklores, Materia medica and other historical literature, have become an essential domain of modern pharmaceutical sciences. Natural compounds from terrestrial and marine organisms have been extensively used to treat many diseases in their natural form or as a template for synthetic modification. Several of these natural products have shown biological and pharmacological activities and serve as the starting point in the development of modern medicines. Screening of crude plant extracts opens the door to the discovery of novel bioactive compounds, and elucidation of their structures leads towards new synthetic preparations, which can be administered in reproducible, accurate doses for particular therapeutic purposes. However, what is needed are rapid screening techniques, structure-based design, bioactivity-safety evaluation, extraction and isolation, and clinical trials for drug development under innovations, which will share the profit of products derived from natural origin. The government sector, industries, and academic institutions also play an essential role in developing biological drugs for human health enhancement. This book comprises four chapters. The first chapter is related to urolithiasis. In this chapter, the types of urinary stone formation in humans, their mechanism, current antiurolithiatic strategies and their complications are discussed precisely and comprehensively. Chapter two declares urinary stone treatment in early civilisation. The third chapter is about globally used antiurolithiatic plants. This chapter is a treasure trove of information covering the importance of plants in combating urolithiasis, their diverse pharmacology, and a comprehensive list of 888 antiurolithiatic plants from 144 families used in 55 countries. The tabular format provides a clear understanding of their historical background, mechanism of action, therapeutic spectrum, and formulations with doses. Hopefully, this book will not only be helpful for the general public but also attract the scientific world to antiurolithiatic drug discovery. This valuable ethnopharmacological information will provide opportunities for the future research and development of new natural antiurolithiatic compounds. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all the teachers, colleagues, and institutions whose unwavering support and encouragement made this book possible. We reserve a special thanks for the acquisition Editor of LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, whose inspiration and support were invaluable.

Dr. salman ahmed

A simple one pot synthesis has been developed for the synthesis 1,4-dihydropyridine using an efficient and reusable silica supported MgO solid catalyst by condensation of dimedone, ethyl acetoacetate, aldehyde and ammonium acetate in methanol as a solvent at room temperature. The reactions could be carried out under mild reaction conditions with very good yield of polyhydroquinoline, up to 92%. This catalyst could be recycled very easily, which makes this methodology environmentally benign.

Shilpa sangle

his study aims to explain the optimization of the ARCS learning model as an effort to increase the learning motivation of students, especially in thematic learning at MI At-Taqwa Bondowoso. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive qualitative approach, while the type of research used in this research is field research. The data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used was condensation, data presentation, and verification. And the validity of the data uses triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of this study indicate (1) Thematic Learning Problems at MI At-Taqwa Bondowoso, namely: Teachers are less biased in utilizing learning media, so that the only sources used are textbooks, classroom learning is only centered in the teacher, the students' lack of interest in the learning process, so that students do not pay attention to the teacher who teaches. (2) The application of the ARCS model in thematic learning at MI At-Taqwa Bondowoso, namely: The implementation of the ARCS model was carried out by teachers with several methods and strategies such as modeling the way strategy and also contextual teaching and learning, ARCS Model as an alternative solution in learning for increasing students 'learning motivation is able to stimulate students' enthusiasm in thematic learning.

Educare: journal of primary education

Trachoma is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) and one of the most common ocular contagious diseases, caused by different serovers such as A, B, Ba ,C of bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis that occurs recurrently. Most infants are adversely affected from chronic keratoconjunctivitis, leading to blindness in later life. Epidemiological studies in 2023 revealed that approximately 115.7 million people were at risk of trachoma, but presently it has been declined to almost 103.2 million. Basically this disease is predominant in least developed or developing nations with high poverty. Preventive measures being implemented by the World Health Organization (WHO) , popularly known as ‘SAFE’ strategy: S for surgery, A for antibiotic dissemination, F for facial cleanliness, and E for environmental improvements. Now-a-days it is effectively and extensively applied; that’s why number of active patients are reduced drastically, but trachoma-free world creation should be the principal and researches will make it possible.

Diptarup mallick

The article devote to strategic planning of transport and logistical infrastructure development in territory of Siberia and Far East areas, network of regional terminals and the Multimodal transport logistical centers creation incorporated in regional logistical transport and distributive systems on the basis of formation uniform organizational-economic, information, scientific and technical and normal laws is expedient. It is the first in the literature that the multimodal logistical centers, which functions on the commercial basis, providing the coordinated interaction of all transport types and other participants of the logistical process, considered as basic elements of a International transport corridors logistical infrastructure and strategic points of Russia economy growth. Formation and development Purposes of International transport corridors in Russia territory are integration providing with the Russian transport in the European and world transport systems as the equal in rights partner.

Екатерина Аборкина

Aminopyrine (AM) has been used as a model substrate for investigation of drug metabolism. The major metabolic route is N-demethylation that was confirmed in liver microsomes. The aim of the present study was to identify the human cytochrome P-450 enzyme (CYP) mediating the N-demethylation of 4-di-methylaminoantipyrine (4-DMAA) to 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAA). The contribution of human CYP to the metabolism of (4-DMAA) to (4-MAA) in human was investigated using virus expressed human CYP, human liver microsomes with chemical inhibition studies. The substrate of 4-dimethylaminantipyrine was employed at different concentrations (11.5, 23, 46, 115 and 230 µmol per l) with varying concentrations of selective inhibitors of CYP (CYP1A2), (CYP3A4), (CYP2C8),(CYP2A6), (CYP2D6), (CYP2C19) and (CYP1A1). 4-DMAA and 4-MAA were analysed by HPLC and enzyme kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) were calculated from the concentration data. The transformation of 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine to 4-methyaminoantipyrine by microsomes prepared from baculovirus-expressed human CYP was pronounced with CYP2D6. The metabolism of 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine was inhibited by 60.0% and 55.17% by a concentration of 100 µmo per l of the known CYP2D6 inhibitors quinidine and moclobemide. The corresponding Ki values were 0.050 and 0.11 mM, respectively. The corresponding IC50 values were 0.06 and 0.13 mM, respectively. The enzyme CYP2D6 apparently has an important role in N-demethyl-ation of 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Introduction: In Bangladesh, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant health concern contributing to numerous complications that enhance the mortality risk. This study aims to examine the impact of lifestyle patterns, socioeconomic conditions, and comorbidities among diabetic patients to establish valid associations between variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 450 patients with diabetes mellitus at the outpatient department of different hospitals in Bangladesh. Data collection was done through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Results: The study analyzed sociodemographic and lifestyle traits among diabetic patients, categorized by gender and results were based on unadjusted analysis. Men had a higher prevalence of being married (99.4%) compared to women (97.9%). Women were more common in rural areas (67.5%) and less likely to own smartphones (12.3%, vs 24.7% for men). More women were overweight (31.2%) and owned house (92.1%). Clinical symptoms showed no significant gender associations except for headaches, more prevalent in women (OR=0.65; p=0.034). Women had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (48.3%, vs 35.4% for men, OR=0.59; p=0.009), while kidney dysfunction was more prevalent in men (16.5%, vs 9.6% for women, OR=1.86; p=0.032). Allergic problems (20.5%, OR=0.40; p=0.014) and asthma (5.5%, OR=0.22; p=0.029) were more common in women. No association was observed in the occurrence of ulcer with the respondents’ gender. Regarding lifestyle, 50.7% of respondents consumed rice more than once daily, 71.8% did not smoke, and most (59.1%) had a normal BMI. Conclusions: Based on our study findings, men should focus on renal health by refraining from high-glycemic meals, while women should concentrate on managing their weight and cardiovascular health by utilizing modern healthcare facilities.

Arafat hassan razon

A mobile adhoc network is a Self-configuring network of mobile routers connected by wireless links. In the mobile adhoc network, each and every device moves independently in any direction so that there are frequent changes in the links. It is essential to learn the position of the neighbors because there is increase in location-aware services. So, there is a chance that the malicious nodes are easily abused the process. The significant problem in mobile networks is correctness of node locations and also it is primarily challenging in the presence of adversaries. So, the neighbor position verification protocol is used to a fully distributed, a lightweight NPV procedure which allows each node to obtain the locations advertised by its neighbors and asses their truthfulness. Further to extend neighbor position verification protocols in the proactive model that need to each node constantly verify the position of its neighbors. So, we introduce a technique called secure link state updating which provides secure proactive topology discovery that is multiply useful for the network operation. This technique is vigorous against individual attackers, it is capable to adjust its capacity between local and network-wide topology discovery, and also operating in networks of frequently changing topology and membership nodes. Experimental results show that the proposed system is high efficiency in terms of security when compared to the existing system.

Dr h shaheen

This study aims to improve the ability to think critically in class IV SDN 1 Sukamulya in science subjects through the application of learning strategies jeopardy review. This type of research is a quantitative study using the method research Quasy Experimental Design and the design used is pretest-poststest design. The population in this study were students of class IV (A, B, dan C) SDN 1 Sukamulya Academic year 2019/2020. Totaling 85 students, while the samples in this study were group IVB as the experimental class and class IVC as the control class. The sample was taken using cluster random sampling technique. In this study, the data collection tools used were test, observation, and dokumentation. The instrumen test used was critical thinking essay questions. Hypothesis testing using statistical analysis Independent Sample t-Test. Based on the result of the study obtained the average value of the experimental class 83,00 while the average value of the control class was 76,28. Results hypothesis testing using the analysis of Independent Sample t-Test with a significance level 5% (0,05), i,e. 0,000 < 0,05 so that H0 is rijected and Ha is accepted, so it can be drawn conclusion that there is an influence of the jeopardy review learning strategy on critical thinking skills of grade IV students on material wealth of energy sources in Indonesia at SDN 1 Sukamulya Academic Year 2019/2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis kelas IV SDN 1 Sukamulya pada materi IPA dalam tema kayanya negeriku dengan cara menggunakan strategi pembelajaran jeopardy review pada saat proses pembelajjaran berlangsung. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian Quasy Eksperimental Group Design dan menggunakan desain penelitian yakni Pretest-Posttest Group Design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas IV (A, B, dan C) SDN 1 Sukamulya Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 yang prserta didiknya secara keseluruhan berjumlah 85 peserta didik, sampel pada penelitian ini yakni kela IV B sebagai kelas penelitian dan kelas IV C berperan sebagai kelas kontrol. Sampel ini diambil dengan menggunakan cara cluster random sampling. Pada penelitian ini instrumen yang digunakan yaitu observasi, dan test, serta dokumentasi. Instrument test yang digunakan yakni soal dalam bentuk essay untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis. Uji hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data statistik Independent Sample t-Test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 83,00 sedangkan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 76,28. Hasil uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis Independent Sample t-Test dengan menggunakan taraf signifikasi 0,05 (5%), yaitu 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga hasilnya H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh strategi pembelajaran jeopardy review terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas IVB pada materi IPA tema kayanya negeriku di SDN 1 Sukamulya Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020.

Educare: journal of primary education

Legumes are the richest source of protein, starch, minerals, and vitamins and are considered the earliest domestic plants. They belong to the leguminosae family, one of the largest and most important families of flowering plants. The present review describes the history, consumption, nutritional aspects, traditional medicinal uses, pharmacology, and commercial aspects of legumes.

Dr. salman ahmed

Background/Objectives: Healthcare discrimination poses significant challenges to the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the role of social support in alleviating these effects has not been fully explored. Drawing on Cohen and Wills’ social support buffering model, this study examined whether social support moderates the association between healthcare discrimination and HRQoL among individuals with T2D. Methods: We analyzed data from 5180 adults with T2D enrolled in the All of Us Research Program. Healthcare discrimination was assessed using the modified Everyday Discrimination Scale (mEDS), social support with the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS), and HRQoL (physical and mental domains) with the PROMIS Global Health Scale. Moderation analyses were conducted through linear regression models. Results: Greater exposure to healthcare discrimination was associated with poorer physical and mental HRQoL. Social support demonstrated a significant moderating effect on mental HRQoL: as social support increased, the negative association between healthcare discrimination and mental well-being weakened. However, this buffering effect was not observed for physical HRQoL. Conclusions: Findings suggest that social support can mitigate the adverse mental health consequences of healthcare discrimination among individuals with T2D. Interventions aimed at strengthening social support networks warrant investigation as potential strategies to improve the mental HRQoL of people with T2D who encounter discrimination in healthcare environments.

Emmanuel ekpor

Background: Although geriatric depression is widespread in primary health care (PHC), local studies on the prevalence of depression in elderly PHC patients appear to be scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and some of the associated risk factors among elderly PHC patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruiting elderly people (60 years or older) from five PHC centers in Port Said Governorate was conducted. All participants had a structured interview. The long version of the geriatric depression Scale (cut-off point ≥10) was used in elders with a Mini-Mental State Examination ≥24. Results: About two-thirds of the total sample (65.7%) was female. The total prevalence of depressive symptoms was 49.4% of all subjects, more commonly in women (58.1% vs. 32.8%). Multiple regression analysis shows that female gender, high education, unemployment, low income, lonely life, loss of a close person, chronic diseases, tumor, iatrogenic medications, and depression history were the significant associated risk factors of depression in the studied elders after adjusting all previous variables in addition to age and marital status. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms constitute a significant health problem among older PHC patients in the Port Said governorate. Routine screening for depression of every elderly PHC patient is recommended for early detection.

Karishma

This study aims to assess tourists‟ perceptions towards quality tourism services provided at Petra historical site, and to measure tourist satisfaction by examining the impact of quality tourism product on overall tourist satisfaction. In this study, four hypotheses were developed are proposed a study model. The empirical data were collected from tourists via a survey that yielded 180 usable questionnaires, these data were analysed using a series of multiple regressions to determine the relationship between service quality and tourist satisfaction. The findings confirmed that service quality directly impacted tourist satisfaction throughout destination facilities, destination accessibility and destination attraction. As a result, this study argued that there is a significant impact of the service quality on tourist satisfaction, and therefore service quality plays an important role in tourism by increasing the level of tourist satisfaction. The results in this study supported the evidence that there are positive impacts of components of tourism product on tourist satisfaction. This study provided some theoretical and managerial implications based on the findings to academicians and tourism sector, the researcher presented recommendations for further studies and he discussed the main limitations in this study

Mukhles m. al-ababneh

The study identified the pragmatic competence level of the second language (L2) learners through Written Discourse Completion Test (WDCT) administered to purposively selected 40 first-year education students. A modified questionnaire based on Survey for Academic English Language Exposure (SAELE) was used to determine the effectiveness of academic English language exposure on the pragmatic competence development of the respondents. The study employed the descriptive-correlational method, while various statistical tools were utilized to analyze and interpret the data. Weighted mean was used to determine the respondents’ pragmatic competence level and the effectiveness of academic English language exposure on the pragmatic competence development of the respondents. Moreover, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was employed to determine the significant relationship between the two variables. Results in WDCT showed that the average scores in the pre-test and post-test results fall under the competent level. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of academic English language exposure on the pragmatic competence development of the respondents was 0.207, which is ineffective. Lastly, the statistical correlation of the two variables showed no significant relationship between them (r=0.046, p>0.05). Based on the study’s results, pedagogical implications for pragmatic and L2 teaching and learning were conceptualized.

Darrel ocampo

Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic disease that comes third after cerebrovascular and Alzheimer’s disease. Anti-epileptic drugs may affect certain hematological parameters of epileptic patients. Few researches investigated hematological adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs in Libya. Thus, the aim was to evaluate hematological parameters in epileptic children who are on antiepileptic drugs. This retrospective study included 83 pediatric patients with epilepsy recruited from Benghazi Children Hospital, Department of Neurology, from December 2017 to April 2018. Data collected included demographic characteristics, types of epilepsy, anti-epileptic drugs and serum hematological parameters. Hematological parameters recorded included: hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration and white blood cell count. In all treated patients, regardless of the number of antiepileptic drugs therapy used, the average levels of hematological parameters were significantly lower in treated group compared to control group (11.64 gm per dl, 34.53%, 27.74 pg and 33.13 gm per dl, respectively). A significant increase (12.12109 per l) in white blood cell counts in treated group was found. Average hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean cell hemoglobin concentration levels were significantly lower in patients on poly-therapy compared to mono-therapy and control groups. Average white blood cell counts were significantly increased in patients on anti-epileptic drugs. In sodium valproate users, levels of hematological parameters were significantly decreased but significantly increased in white blood cell counts. In diazepam users, significant increases in white blood cells and platelet but no difference in other parameters observed. There were no differences in all hematological parameters among patients using carbamazepine except for platelet counts (significantly decreased). In conclusion, there is substantial effect of the anti-epileptic drugs, especially sodium valproate, on hematological parameters of children despite the effects were not critical as the changes were still in the normal range.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Library automation is just not a book inventory where hold, issue and receiving of books by using technological tools and services. Our applied research was found that most of the library administrative functionalities such as ‘Acquisition and Accessioning’, ‘auto Indexing & Classification’ and auto Cataloging (Books & Non books materials)’, inventory with real-time OPAC facilities and many more library science concepts are still missing constructs in Universities/College libraries across the country. In this modern era the concept of eLibrary is more popular because availability and accessibility of digitized content sharing through IT/ICT infrastructure is huge. During our research we found that cognizance of Library automation was completely ignored and focused on only talking and establishment of eLibrary. As we all know that “Physical Library” is not a substitute for “eLibrary”. In fact eLibrary is part of a Physical Library to share authenticated digitized content through IT/ICT infrastructure. After a decade of our applied research in the area of Library science, eventually we recorded a lot of findings based on our survey and discussion with senior researchers and Librarians. Our serious and consistent effort makes to succeeds in designing comprehensively effective and efficient operational strategies to build a “world class Library Automation and Paper less Library Management System” for Universities/College libraries. This paper emphasizes about the comprehensive real-time architecture and operational modules and their effectiveness to achieve the user’s satisfaction (flow of functionalities as per the exact need of the Library Management system). This dealt with how emerging technological tools and services are effectively integrated for designing new strategies in the area of library science includes various automation process and security concepts (using Barcode/RFID). Eventually, our dream comes true in building Use of Emerging Technological Tools and Services to building world class Paper less Library Information &Management System [LIMS]. presently deployed and use of this software product in more than 300 satisfied and client locations in INDIA, this product popularly named as “eLib” by AarGees Business Solution, Hubli, India. Though, our research is still on and continuing for further development to build “Global knowledge sharing Centre”.

Dr. chandrashekhar uppin

Tonsil stones, also known as tonsilloliths or tonsiliths, are usually tiny white or yellowish mineralized structures packed with organic debris and bacteria that develop in the enlarged palatine tonsillar crypt. Tiny tonsillitis is commonly detected in diagnostic imaging such as computed tomography (CT) and less so in panoramic radiography, with the prevalence increasing with age. Giant tonsilloliths are rare and most reported cases have been in adults, with only a few cases reported in the pediatric population. In this report, we described a 9-year-old girl who had suffered from halitosis for 6 months and odynophagia with oropharyngeal foreign body sensation for 2 weeks and was later diagnosed with a tonsil stone.

Karishma