A mental and behavioral illness is described as a clinically significant illness with changes in thought, emotion, or behavior related to a personal situation. Objectives of the study: To assess the knowledge regarding mental health & illness and level of stress. 2. To determine the effectiveness of Educational Intervention on knowledge regarding mental health & illness and level of stress 3. To find out the association between pre-test knowledge level on mental health & illness and selected demographic variables. 4. To find out the association between pre-test stress level and selected demographic variables. 5. To find out relation between knowledge score of mental health & Illness with stress level. Methodology: Quantitative research approach with pre-experimental research design was used. Sampling: 300 samples was chosen with consecutive sampling technique. Result: In pretest mean score for knowledge and stress were 8.9 and 27.9 respectively and post-test were 19.7 and 17.45 which showed that education intervention improve the knowledge and decrease stress among adolescent. Improved knowledge reduces stress level. Conclusion: Educational intervention improve knowledge level which significantly reduce level of stress.

Dr k c yadav

Macrotyloma uniflorum, commonly known as horse gram or kulthi bean, is grown as a pulse for livestock and human consumption. The beans contain about 1.3% fat, 18% protein, 15% carbohydrate, and vitamins and minerals. Traditional medicine uses it as an antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, antihypertensive and diuretic. Other important medicinal uses include the treatment of renal stones, obesity, piles, oedema and fever. The present study evaluated analgesic (by acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate and tail flick tests in mice) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats) activities of Macrotyloma uniflorum fixed oil (MUFO). Four groups were included in the study: Group I: Normal Saline Control (2ml/kg), Group II: MUFO (2ml/kg), Group III: MUFO (4ml/kg), and Group IV: Standard Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA 300mg/kg). All results were significant; however, the tail flick and paw oedema tests observed a delayed onset of action. The oil's acute oral toxicity was also checked in mice and was found safe up to a 4ml/kg dose, as no signs of toxicity and mortality were observed. It is concluded that Macrotyloma uniflorum fixed oil may possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, which can be related to a peripheral mechanism of action.

Dr. salman ahmed

Schizophrenia is treated with antipsychotic drugs and is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorders. The influence of antipsychotics on the cytokine systems may be responsible for their clinical efficacy in schizophrenia. Granulocytopenia and agranulocytosis are severe side effects of antipsychotic therapy. The objective of this study was to estimate incidence of drug-associated agranulocytosis in newly diagnosed schizophrenic patients in and to evaluate the risk factors and outcomes. Seven participants groups were designed. Healthy persons as control. Schizophrenic patients before treatment. Schizophrenic patients after one-month of treatment. Schizophrenic patients after two - month of treatment. Schizophrenic patients after three - month of treatment. Schizophrenic patients after chronic treatments. Schizophrenic patients one month after chronic treatment. This study included screening for the expression and function of circulating leukocyte granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor, screening of patient's biochemistry and haematology picture. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression was decreased after antipsychotic treatment for one month and continued to decrease after two months' treatment. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression starts to increase after the two-month treatment and continues increasing to controls or newly diagnosed schizophrenics or after chronic treatment. Complete blood counts were not changed compared. Liver function showed a transient increase in serum alkaline phosphatase after one and two month of treatment. All other parameters were not changed. Kidney function showed that urea and creatinine levels were within the normal range during the different treatments. Concerning lipid profile, low density lipoproteins levels were increased after one month, two months of treatment and after chronic administration of the antipsychotic drugs. It is concluded that antipsychotic treatment produces a decrease in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression; the decrease reach the maximum effect after two months, then starts to increase back to normal levels. A transient increase in serum alkaline phosphatase in the first two months' treatment. Urea and creatinine levels and lipid profile were within normal range, except low density lipoproteins levels were increased during the two months treatment and after chronic administration of the antipsychotic drugs.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Plant secondary metabolites refer to various chemical compounds that plants produce. Still, they are not directly involved in essential growth processes like primary metabolites (such as sugars, amino acids, and lipids). The term "secondary metabolite" has generated controversy, as it implies these compounds are of minor importance to plants. "Special metabolites" may be a more suitable term. These metabolites protect plants from both abiotic and biotic stress. The vast diversity of plant secondary metabolites showcases plants' incredible adaptability and versatility, providing an arsenal of chemical tools to defend against herbivores, protect from pathogens, attract pollinators and seed dispersers, adaptability and thrive in environmental interactions. Plants can, therefore, survive under less-than-ideal conditions. The profound impact of plant secondary metabolites highlights the intricate relationship between plants and humanity, opening doors to innovative applications with far-reaching implications.

Dr. salman ahmed

To prevent the spread of COVID-19, the government has issued a learning policy to be carried out online (online). As implemented at Baiturrohman Elementary School, online learning is applied. This research uses a qualitative approach, and the type is a case study. Data collection techniques used participatory observation, structured interviews, and documentation—data analysis using data condensation, data presentation, and concluding. The validity of the data is source triangulation and technical triangulation. The results of this study indicate: (1) Planning the Recitation Method for Arabic Language Subjects in Online Learning at Baiturrohman Elementary School, namely: The teacher determines the goals according to the lesson plans, gives assignments according to the student's abilities, determines the types of assignments such as reading, writing, and practice. Provide instructions/resources in student books and several applications. The teacher provides time for the deadline for submitting assignments from 07.30 to 18.00 in Google Classroom. (2) Implementation of the Recitation Method on Arabic Language Subjects in Online Learning at Baiturrohman Elementary School, namely: Teachers provide guidance if they have difficulties, provide motivation to study at home, and support parents for children's learning at home; students do assignments at home independently. independent. (3) Evaluation of the Recitation Method on Arabic Subjects in Online Learning at Baiturrohman Elementary School, namely: Student assignments are written in spoken/written packages, sent in the form of photos/videos via Google Classroom, Teacher assessments via Google Classroom, Result assessment PH is done via a google form.

Educare: journal of primary education

The use of geo-morphometric variables to discriminate fish populations is one of the appropriate, effective and widely adopted approaches to study population dynamics. To determine intrinsic population variability in goldstripe ponyfish, Karalla daura sampled from Keti Bunder, Karachi Fish Harbour, Hawks Bay and Pasni along the coastal belt of Pakistan. Size frequency distribution based on normal distribution demonstrates that individuals of 13 cm total length were common in all groups. Some fifteen morphometric and six geometric variables were used to develop Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that revealed (76%, 13.9% and 9.8%) variation deduced from first three components. The population sampled from Karachi fish harbors showed significant taxonomic variability. An eigenvalue 7.251 and canonical correlation 0.937 among four groups was appraised from PCI whereas Wilks’ Lambda test of function λ = 0.27 was significant at P <0.05. The highest variance percentage was the most correlated among the groups defined by total length, girth, 2nd dorsal fin, pectoral fin rays, eye dia, snout to extended gill cover and head length parameters. PC-II accounted for 13.9% of the variance that are more correlated with standard length, snout to eye tip, eye tip to first dorsal fin, base of 1st dorsal fin, last fin ray to tip of caudal, anal fin ray to pelvic fin ray, chin to snout and pelvic fin to pectoral fin. PC-III showed 9.8% variance with fork length, total weight, anal fin rays, last anal fin ray to 1st dorsal fin, tip of caudal fin to last anal fin ray, last anal fin ray to 1st anal fin, first pelvic fin to chin, eye to chin, 1st dorsal fin to last anal fin ray and last dorsal ray to last anal fin ray. among the groups. Whereas PC-IV has 0.3 % variance denoted by total weight, tip caudal fin to last anal fin ray. The PCA displayed a clear discrimination by sampling site, especially specimen from Karachi fish harbor were distinct from other location. Keti Bandar specimen was not dispersing as much as by geographical discrimination. Overall, results revealed that different topographies and environmental conditions causing significant variation in populations of Karalla daura. Therefore, it is assumed that this species has ability to adopt different ecosystem for survival despite acquiring adverse impact on phenotypic characteristics.

Imtiaz kashani

Every religion includes a whole series of beliefs and practices and we should start by concentrating our attention on religious practices to understand a religion. This paper intended to clarify the religious practices of Vietnamese Catholic Youth. Based on the theory of Glock and Stark and by using survey method, descriptive statistics, this is the first study to demonstrate the religious practices of youths in a diocese of Vietnam. This issue considered as an interesting research topic in the context of Vietnamese research because it explores youths lives from a different perspective by focusing on the micro level of analysis. The respondents in this study were total of 388 young adults between 18 and 30 years of ages from 24 parishes who were randomly selected through Probability Proportional to size sampling method. The findings of the research indicate that the ritualistic dimension of religiosity among Vietnamese Catholic youth is still so high in the context of change in Vietnam

Le minh tien

Cet article s’intéresse à la fréquence, aux fonctions de l’alternance codique chez l’enseignant d’espagnol en classe de quatrième (débutants) et aux activités pédagogiques au cours desquelles apparaît ce phénomène de contact de langue. Notre investigation porte sur 80 enseignants d’espagnol et 1000 élèves hispanophones de la région de San Pedro en Côte d’Ivoire. Pour ce faire, nous avons opté pour l’analyse quantitative et qualitative. La première méthode par le biais du logiciel SPSS a permis de constituer une base de données. Ainsi, il ressort que 51 soit 63,1% des enseignants utilisent 5 à 10 % du temps du cours pour s’exprimer en français. Aussi, ces enseignants alternent-ils plus ces deux langues pendant les activités de compréhensions de texte, et vocabulaire soit 32,1% de l’effectif. Quant à l’analyse qualitative de type conversationnel, elle a servi à proposer quelques fonctions d’alternance codiques pendant les activités d’interaction.

Assanvo

formulation and evaluation of herbal face pace pack

Sumaira taj

The rapid growth of wireless devices introduces a diverse range of applications and requires intelligent hardware platforms that integrate computing, sensing, and wireless connectivity in a compact systemon- chip (SoC). This paper presents a low-power, high-performance SoC platform that supports dynamic power management and secure communication. The SoC platform consists of 16-/32-bit programmable ARM9 cores, a power management unit with multiple low-power modes, analog and digital peripherals, and security engines. A complete tool-chain with an automatic platform generator has also been developed to ease and accelerate the application development. Fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology, an implementation of the proposed platform occupies an area of 1.0 × 1.7 mm2.

Dr h shaheen

Three commonly used legumes, Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Phaseolus lunatus Linn., and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. were subjected to determine their minerals and phytic acid contents to correlate their nutritional and medicinal properties. The atomic absorption spectroscopic method was used to quantify essential minerals, while the spectrophotometric method was used for phytic acid estimation. Fe, Mg, Mn, P and Zn were recorded in reasonable quantities, Ca and Cu in moderate, and K in small amounts in the seed flours of all the three tested legumes. Maximum Fe and Zn content (0.38 and 0.40 mg/g) were recorded in P. vulgaris, while M. uniflorum delivered high content of Mg, Mn, P and Ca (0.21, 0.20, 77.94 and 0.04 mg/g) and 0.04 mg/g Cu was recorded in P. lunatus. The highest level of phytic acid (37.00 mg/g) was recorded in M. uniflorum at 519 nm. The estimated quantities of minerals and phytic acid provide an excellent opportunity to conclude that all three tested legumes could be used as food to achieve nutritional and health-related functional benefits.

Dr. salman ahmed

The exploration encompasses the diverse dimensions of the Verbesina genus, a cluster of flowering plants within the Asteraceae family, comprising 340 species with varied growth patterns and floral attributes. Traditional medicinal practices associated with Verbesina species across different cultures are scrutinized, emphasizing the necessity for scientific validation of these ethnomedicinal traditions. Through chemical and pharmacological profiling, Verbesina plants reveal a plethora of bioactive compounds and therapeutic potentials, propelling drug discovery and development opportunities. Safety considerations, conservation challenges, and sustainable harvesting practices emerge as pivotal factors in maximizing the benefits of Verbesina species while minimizing environmental impacts. Finally, we underscore the significance of collaborative research efforts, recognizing the invaluable contributions of our professional colleagues and researchers in related fields in fully harnessing Verbesina plants' medicinal, healthcare and conservation potentials, promising groundbreaking discoveries and applications with profound implications for human well-being.

Dr. salman ahmed

Verbesina encelioides, a plant with a rich history in traditional medicine, is commonly known as golden crownbeard or cowpen daisy. Despite its widespread use, scientific validation of its therapeutic potential, particularly its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, remains limited. Our study is designed to comprehensively evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extracts from various parts (leaves, stems, flowers, and roots) of V. encelioides in animal models. Acute toxicity, antinociceptive effects (heat plate and tail flick tests), and anti-inflammatory activity (carrageenan-induced inflammation) were tested in Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats. The acute toxicity assay showed no adverse effects in mice up to 1000 mg/kg, a highly encouraging result. In analgesic studies, V. encelioides extracts showed dose-dependent increases in reaction times similar to aspirin. Different extracts had different effects on paw edema in anti-inflammatory testing; some at first increased inflammation but eventually showed significant decreases, especially at higher dosages. These results offer a positive perspective on V. encelioides' possible medicinal use. These results provide a positive perspective on Verbesina encelioides' possible therapeutic use. The results imply that extracts from the plant, which are abundant in bioactive substances such as flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids, may have applications in treating pain and inflammation. These results highlight the plant's medicinal potential and suggest that more research and development could help address pain and inflammation naturally.

Dr. salman ahmed

India is a country of immense diversity. It is home to people of many different racial, languages, ethnic, religious, and national backgrounds. Groups of people in India differ from each other not only in physical or demographic characteristics but also in distinctive patterns of behavior and these patterns are determined by social and cultural factors like language, region, religion, and caste. Apart from behaviour, economic development, level of education and political culture of the people in various social segments differ from region to region. More you can say that economy and cultures have been enriched by the contributions of migrants from round the globe. In an increasingly globalised world, migratory movements is continuously shaping the countries all over the world. Some countries like India and Ireland, which set the example of economic development and social integration, have the positive impact of the migration by globalisation and some countries like USA, which recently witness racism, xenophobia and discrimination have the negative impact on the migrants. It does not mean India do not face fragmentation and USA do not have cohesion. USA have many stories which show successful integration process, that facilitated the lives of immigrant communities, but being a developed country it still suffers from cultural alienation. In these countries, borders are built within borders to create cultural divides that do not allow people to integrate. Recently, this problem has become more prominent due to the rise of terrorism, clash of cultures in the world, leading to the glorification of stereotypes. People are becoming less accepting towards anyone who does not belong to their region. Migration does not stop after people move from one place to another place. The main question start after that ‘now what’ they will do. That is why this topic needs to be discussed thoroughly in order to find better solutions. This paper will begin with an analysis of different approaches to Migration, discuss the target groups for integration policies, provide indicators of the current situation of migrants and proceed to an analysis of integration tools: legislation, social policies and participatory processes. It will focus not only on the impact of migration but also on social integration, mix culture like indo-western culture in a comparative basis.

Ekta meena

The utilization of traditional medicine (TM) is prevalent among the general population in Africa; however, its use among individuals with diabetes in the region remains underdocumented. This review aimed to synthesize the available literature to identify the prevalence and predictors of TM use among persons with diabetes in Africa. A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and AMED, covering studies published from 2000 to April 2023. Of 1560 records identified, 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of TM use varied significantly, ranging from 12.4% to 77.1%, with a median prevalence of 50%. TM was commonly used concurrently with conventional medicine (CM) (35.4–88.4%), with a majority (63.8–91.3%) not disclosing TM use to healthcare providers. Female gender, long diabetes duration, use of oral antiglycaemic medication and family history of diabetes emerged as the most common factors that predicted the use of TM. This review highlights the widespread use of TM among individuals with diabetes in Africa, often in conjunction with CM. The high prevalence of undisclosed TM use emphasizes the urgent need for healthcare providers to actively inquire about TM use during clinical consultations to address potential herb–drug interactions and adverse effects.

Emmanuel ekpor

The present study evaluates the efficacy of Vilanterol-Fluticasone Furoate (VI-FF) versus Formoterol-Budesonide (FM-BD) combination therapy in stable asthma. Both regimens led to significant improvements in asthma control, as evidenced by marked increases in FEV1 (% predicted) and ACT scores over time. The demographic characteristics, baseline respiratory symptoms, and treatment outcomes were similar between the groups, indicating that both strategies were equally effective for managing asthma. The findings indicate that both VI-FF once daily and FM-BD twice daily therapies enhance lung function and asthma control. Significant improvements in FEV1 (% predicted) and ACT scores were observed in both groups, as confirmed by intention-to-treat (ITT) and perprotocol (PPA) analyses. The equivalent efficacy of VI-FF and FM-BD, combined with the convenience of once-daily dosing, suggests that VI-FF may be preferable for patients who struggle with a twice-daily regimen. These findings highlight VI-FF as a convenient and reliable treatment, particularly can benefit patients with adherence challenges. In conclusion, our study's findings align well with other studies regarding demographic characteristics, baseline symptoms, exacerbation history, hospitalization history, and spirometry results. This consistency reinforces the validity and reliability of our results, suggesting that both VI-FF and FM-BD are effective options for stable asthma. The comparable efficacy supports flexibility in treatment choices, allowing for personalized asthma management. Future research should explore the long-term benefits and adherence patterns associated with these treatments to further optimize asthma management.

Dr k c yadav

The butanol fraction of the leaves of Castanospermum australe Cunn. & Fraser., was tested on adult Callosobruchus analis (pulse beetle) for its insecticidal activity by impregnation method at concentrations of 3, 9, 48, 240 and 354 μg / cm2. The result showed that the extract is toxic to Callosobruchus analis and the LD50 was found to be 38 µg/cm2. The insecticidal activity of the butanol fraction of Castanospermum australe leaves against adult Callosobruchus analis was determined by impregnation method in five different concentrations and the result so obtained revealed that the extract is toxic against the test insect (pulse beetle). The mortality was lowest (14 %) at 3 µg/cm2 and highest (96 %) at 354 µg/cm2 (Table). The LD50 by log-log graph was found to be 38 µg/cm2. It may be said that the saponins of this plant could be utilized as a natural insecticide that could be an effective alternative for insect pest management.

Dr. salman ahmed

A 28-year-old female presented with recurrent chronic abdominal pain. An abdominal ultrasound revealed cholelithiasis, characterized by two large stones and several smaller ones. Laboratory tests including liver function tests were within normal limits. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy revealed an enlarged dark black liver, with round margins suggestive of Dubin Johnson syndrome (Figure 1) , while the Gallbladder was distended with multiple calculi inside. Successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done with a liver biopsy. Histopathology of the gallbladder revealed chronic cholecystitis. A liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Dubin Johnson Syndrome. The follow-up was uneventful.

Karishma

The screening of perfect diuretics for non-clinical utility in Diabetes mellitus is a relatively novel approach which gain inssight into underlying the pathophysiological processes. This study is aims to evaluate the diuretic effect of a crude aqueous & alcoholic extract of M.charantia Linn. using Albino Wistar Rat model. In this study, the comparative observation of Diuretic activity with standard and extracted compound were shown that the estimated 24‐hour urine contains the Na+ - 3.82 g, 3.82 g, 3.92 g and K+ - 1.35 g, 1.39 g, 1.48 g wt. for Vehicle control, Standard drug, and Extracted compound respectively. Which possess the favoring result means from the spot urine were 10.7±7.0 g/24 h and 3.9±2.1 g/24 h, respectively. Coefficients were 0.035, 0.022, 0.046 at (d±2SD = 7.07 g, 4.42 g and 8.92 g) for sodium chloride and 0.068, 0.031, 0.046 at (d±2SD =4.92 g, 2.31 g, and 3.34 g) for potassium chloride. The Na+ and K+ results can be deduced by conversion (1 g NaCl=0.4 g Na+, 1 g KCl≈0.5 g K+). The present study guide formulation of non clinical trials with statistical study to further measuring the claimed efficacy of M. charantia as a natural remedy for diabetes mellitus.

Dr. wahul umesh b

Dignity therapy (DT) is an evidence-based psychotherapeutic approach originally designed to alleviate emotional and existential distress in patients with terminal illnesses. While dignity therapy has been well documented in palliative care, emerging perspectives suggest that its principles such as promoting autonomy, meaning, and self-worth can be beneficial for persons with severe mental illness (SMI) who often experience stigma, identity loss, and existential suffering. Although severe mental illness and terminal illness are distinct conditions both may involve the profound psychological and existential challenges that affect personal dignity. This paper explores the philosophical foundations and therapeutic benefits of dignity therapy, with a particular focus on its potential application in mental health settings. It highlights the significance of preserving dignity in psychiatric care and emphasizes the need for compassionate, personcentered mental health support tailored to the lived experiences of the person with severe mental illness.

Karishma