Background: Exhaust noise is known to be a major pollutant in the environment and workplaces due to the development of industry and transportation. Exhaust noise can be reduced to normal levels by mufflers or silencers. A reactive muffler efficiently dampens noise at low frequencies by reflecting sound waves. Therefore, muffler design is of great importance in exhaust noise reduction. Transmission loss (TL) is an essential characteristic of mufflers, demonstrating their acoustical properties. Any acoustical appliance is selected based on its damping performance and reliability. Predicting TL through experimentation is different from theoretical calculations. Methods: In the present study, a double-expansion chamber muffler was designed as a reflective muffler on a laboratory scale by equations. Next, TL was evaluated by an impedance tube applying a 4-microphone technique to determine the acoustical performance of the designed muffler. Results: Findings revealed that the TL of the muffler at 312 Hz frequency obtained 27.5 dB agreement with the required TL of the muffler of 25 dB. In addition, the TL of the muffler against frequency attenuates noise in broadband frequencies. Conclusions: These results indicated that the built muffler provides desired TL for exhaust chambers. Therefore, equations can be used as a precise method for muffler design. Furthermore, multi-expansion chamber mufflers are useful for reducing noise at a wide range of frequencies.

Niloofar

Territorial disputes in the South China Sea have long been one of the most critical and complex issues of security between south-east Asian states and China. The competition for maritime rights has emerged as the most important security issue in the east Asia. The powerful states have a tendency for domination. The smaller states may not show their dominating behavior over other states, but they have tendency to maximize their relative power by making alliance with great power or by other means. Since the smaller states are not capable enough individually to ensure their own security or to use military force against threatening power, they have tendencies to join in alliances or in other words to create balance of power to ensure their own security. This study attempts to analyze the behavior of small states and to find out which theory matches with the behavior. The behavior of small states like Vietnam and the Philippines cannot be well-explained by the realist approach. They behave to make their existent clear and safeguard themselves only. Making allies with great powers as well as economic ties simultaneously with other economic powers render their behavior of having peaceful coexistent with everyone.

Muhammad faruq-uz-zaman

This paper delves into the dynamic intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM), exploring how the integration of these technologies is reshaping the landscape of healthcare. By examining recent breakthroughs, practical implementations, and ethical considerations, the article elucidates the transformative potential of AI-enhanced RPM in providing personalized, proactive, and efficient healthcare solutions.

Dhruvitkumar talati

Verbesina encelioides, a plant with a rich history in traditional medicine, is commonly known as golden crownbeard or cowpen daisy. Despite its widespread use, scientific validation of its therapeutic potential, particularly its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, remains limited. Our study is designed to comprehensively evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extracts from various parts (leaves, stems, flowers, and roots) of V. encelioides in animal models. Acute toxicity, antinociceptive effects (heat plate and tail flick tests), and anti-inflammatory activity (carrageenan-induced inflammation) were tested in Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats. The acute toxicity assay showed no adverse effects in mice up to 1000 mg/kg, a highly encouraging result. In analgesic studies, V. encelioides extracts showed dose-dependent increases in reaction times similar to aspirin. Different extracts had different effects on paw edema in anti-inflammatory testing; some at first increased inflammation but eventually showed significant decreases, especially at higher dosages. These results offer a positive perspective on V. encelioides' possible medicinal use. These results provide a positive perspective on Verbesina encelioides' possible therapeutic use. The results imply that extracts from the plant, which are abundant in bioactive substances such as flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids, may have applications in treating pain and inflammation. These results highlight the plant's medicinal potential and suggest that more research and development could help address pain and inflammation naturally.

Dr. salman ahmed

Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most personally distressing, and disabling psychiatric condition. COVID 19 pandemic and country wide lockdown are likely to exacerbate the symptoms in diagnosed cases of OCD. Homoeopathy, an established system of medicine with potential relevance to mental health issues has a sparse literature in management of OCD. Objectives: The primary purpose of this case report is to point out the usefulness of Individualized homoeopathic medicine in treatment of OCD. The secondary purpose is to highlight the utility of similimum in the management of exacerbation of psychiatric conditions due to stressful life situations. Methods: A case of OCD reported in Psychiatry out Patient Unit treated by Classical Homoeopathy is presented in this case report. The case was assessed at baseline and follow up visits with Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Results: Baseline Y-BOCS score of 24 (Severe OCD) turned gradually to subclinical range of seven within 6 months. Patient had excellent relief for next six months and was functionally well. A comparatively milder exacerbation of symptoms (Y-BOCS-17) during lockdown could be managed effectively with the repetition of similimum resulting in subclinical score of five quickly within a month. Conclusion: Homoeopathic medicine is useful in the management of OCD and also symptom exacerbation due to stressful life events like lockdown.

Dr deepthi gilla

Abstract Higher education in India is always a socio-political way and a powerful engine of social mobility. It adds to the benefits to society as more people earning Higher Education credentials. It is proven that college graduates earn more. They are less likely to be unemployed. They are more likely to vote, more likely to volunteer, and more likely to maintain good health. India as a Globalised and developing nation has been little systematically progressing on the educational front since its independence. The government is making progress in reaching out to all the classes of its society. The improvement in the country’s economic front has resulted in the upscaling of communication technology. The advent of the internet, have vastly leveraged the promotion of education across all verticals. But at the same time, the idea of Equity and Equality needs to be redefined in the present context of the newly established notion of ‘Inclusivity’. This paper deliberates on the various ideas and approaches of Higher Education in India on ‘Inclusivity’ in general and Equity and Equality in particular.

Dr. preeti oza

Several diseases affect maize plants and one among them is black bundle disease, causal organism of which is yet to be confirmed with conflicting reports appearing in literature. In the present work, an effort was made to record the disease incidence by carry out filed surveys in Southern most district of Karnataka state, India and also to isolate and identify the causal organism. The surface sterilized pith tissue from the infected plants was cultured on PDA medium to identify the organism in the affected vascular tissue. The isolated tissue produce Cephalosporium acremonium which was confirmed based on morphological characters. In addition, Simplicillium sp. and Macrophomina phaseolina were also isolated from the same infected plant material and suspected to have participated in the disease development. In accordance with several reports in literature, Cephalosporium acremonium was tested and confirmed as the causal organism of disease in green house experiments by following the Koch’s postulates. This is in contrast with some earlier reports, wherein the exact symptoms of black bundle disease were reported as barren stalks in corn caused by Fusarium sp. The simplicillium sp. which had morphological similarity with C. acremonium and had an ambiguous taxonomic status in literature was confirmed as a distinct species through PCR based diagnosis.

Veerabhadraswamy al

This study analyzed the performance of hybrid ORC -Stirling systems in terms of thermal-mechanical energy conversion in relation to small-scale power generation by industries in Delta state, Nigeria. The two main parameters examined included the thermal collection efficiency of evacuated tube collectors and the influence of the environmental parameters on the stability of torque and the power output of the shaft. The data collection was performed on solar irradiance, ambient temperature, wind speed and PCM thermal cycling at 8-hour intervals in 90 days, and analyzed by means of MATLAB-simulated multidimensional plots. Findings showed that evacuated tube collection produced efficiency of ≥65% thermal collection efficiency, providing sufficient heat input for ORC–Stirling systems to maintain torque deviations within ±5% and conversion efficiency ≥40%. Mean solar irradiance of 775W/m²and PCM cycling between 250–310°C supported continuous 8-hour daily operation of industrial machinery. The results showed that hybrid ORC-Stirling systems are reliable to drive small-scale industrial processes even when environmental conditions vary. It was therefore advised that the small-scale operators should invest in ORC-Stirling systems, the Manufacturer Association of Nigeria (Delta State Chapter) should create awareness and demonstrations of this hybrid ORC-Stirling system and tertiary institutions in Delta state should engage the faculties of Mechanical Engineering to conduct training and pilot projects to facilitate adoption and proper maintenance of this ORC-Stirling system. Such measures will further improve operational stability, cut down-time and sustainability and decentralized industrial power

Fxintegrity publishing

Abstract---In contemporary society, most females are deprived of proper education, healthcare, job opportunities, etc., to uphold family customs, patriarchal dominance, and occasionally negligence towards the feminine gender. According to researchers, gender inequalities in health care, especially in eye care, are evident between accessing the care and getting treatment in developing countries. Therefore, we aim to measure the gender-wise eye-care follow-up regularity in accessing long-term glaucoma consultation among various age groups with a sample size of 564 in Delhi-NCR, India. The age groups (in years) are 15-29 (Group I), 30-44 (Group II), 45-59 (Group III), 60-74 (Group IV), and 75 and above (Group V). Groups I to V show, intragroup males have higher odds of getting regular eyecare by 20% (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.413 to 3.4871), 2.08% (OR 1.0208, 95% CI 0.4637 to 2.2472), 3.4% (OR 1.034, 95% CI 0.6369 to 1.6787), 8.46% (OR 1.0846, 95% CI 0.6783 to 1.7344), and 45.83% (OR 1.4583, 95% CI 0.4575 to 4.6484) respectively. The probable causes of gender-wise irregularity are lack of seriousness, financial limitations, dependency, loneliness due to widowhood, etc. To make eye-care services equally accessible to everyone, healthcare agencies should first take various progressive policies to overcome gender-wise socio-economic barriers.

Dr. ashwani kumar ghai

Higher education is leadership education. The values and virtues practiced in universities heavily influence the future leaders. Many institutions of higher education simultaneously show excellence in academic subjects, are green campuses with manifold ethics curricula, are active members in community engagement, and also are adept in providing value orientation to all stakeholders. It is universally felt that the status of teaching profession requires to be raised to ensure its dignity and integrity. Accordingly, it is considered necessary that there should be a code of ethics which may be evolved by the teaching community itself for its guidance. There are five major areas of professional activities which encompass the work of a teacher. For each of these areas certain principles have been identified to serve as guidelines for teacher’s conduct. HUMAN VALUES Basic human values refer to those values which are at the core of being human. The values which are considered basic inherent values in humans include truth, honesty, loyalty, love, peace, etc. because they bring out the fundamental goodness of human beings and society at large.

Kamal singh

In this paper, an approach for formulation of generalized field data based model for cylinder head moulding operation. The aim of field data based modeling for cylinder head moulding operation is to improve the output by correcting or modifying the inputs. The goal of the research is to reduce human energy input required while performing cylinder head moulding operation. With the reduction in human energy input, automatically, the productivity of the process will also increase. The study identifies important ergonomic and other work environment related parameters which affect productivity. The identified parameters are properties of sand, physical dimensions of tools, energy outflow of workers, anthropometric data of the workers, working conditions like relative humidity, ambient temperature. Out of all the variables, responses and causes are identified. After dimensional analysis relationship between the dependent and independent parameters, a mathematical model is established having a relationship between output parameters and input. To get the optimized values model is optimized using the optimization technique. Sensitivity analysis is a tool which can be used to find out the effect of input one parameter over the other. The model will be useful for an industrialist to select optimized inputs so as to get targeted responses.

Rahul bachute

The most important factor that affects the crop production in terms of nutritional content of foliar plants is the global climate change. Herbivore’s growth, development, survival and geographical distribution all are determined by elevated CO2 and temperature. The interactions between herbivores and plants have changed due to increasing level of CO2 and temperature. The effect of high CO2 and temperature on grain legume plant which change in to plant physiology (e.g., nutritional content, foliage biomass) and how it change in herbivory metabolism rate and food consumption rate. Plant injury is determined by two factors viz. resistance and tolerance and both are influenced by greater CO2 and temperature. Legumes are an important source of food and feed in the form of proteins and also improve the soil environment. The repercussions of the abiotic factors mentioned above needs discussion among the scientific community. We may able to limit the negative repercussions of stated factors in future breeding projects by harnessing the practical favourable impacts and by including such influences of elevated CO2 and temperature on pulses productivity. The extensive research is necessary to overcome the negative effects of high CO2 and temperature on insect-plant interaction

Dr. babu lal jat

The purpose of this study is to evaluate activities of the corporate citizens in Tanzania and find the best way of aligning CSR initiatives to attain mutual benefits between the organizations and general public. A total of 45 organizations, both for profit and not for profit, were engaged in this study from four different industries. The study used semi-structured interview guide to collect data and a focused group discussion was organized. Contents analysis was used to categorize the responses into five major themes, as discussed in the main document. The findings reveal that CSR is still at its initial stage and much has to be done for the corporations to draw the best out it. Keywords Strategic CSR Value Organization and Society

Dr. omary swallehe

A large number of people suffer from gallstones worldwide, and this problem is now increasing significantly due to malnutrition, changes in living lifestyle, lack of exercise and conditions, i.e. industrialization. Medicinal plants have been used for centuries due to their cultural acceptability, efficacy, safety and fewer side effects than modern synthetic medicines. This review aims to gather information on the plants utilized in various parts of society against gallstones. The information provided is beneficial for ordinary people and the scientific community for further phytochemical, toxicological and pharmacological studies, which may lead to the discovery of new, more effective and safer medicines for gallstones.

Dr. salman ahmed

Consumption of energy drinks was significantly associated with sleep problems, which are progressively used regardless of negative health effects particularly among adolescents and young adults. The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between energy drinks and sleep patterns on college students by more than one parameter. Target number of students was taken to be 1 000 participants and the study reached 434 participants were invited via self-administered questionnaire at Libyan International Medical University students during 2020 and 2021 in all levels which consisted of 20 questions and the main measurements are dependency, negative effect of energy drink and effect of energy drink on sleep. The results showed that the consumption prevalence rate of energy drinks amongst participants is 59.4%. The majority of participants enrolled in this study are male (52.5%) and 47.5% were female students. In conclusion: energy drinks consumption is a risk factor of poor sleep quality between Libyan International Medical University students. An awareness must be increased about energy drinks consumption to confirm the relation to sleep quality and general health.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Stem cells hold great promise for tissue regeneration and have the potential to treat many incurable degenerative diseases. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), or cancer initiating cells, have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells. Current stem cell therapies face limitations, such as limited stem cell sources, time consumption, tumor formation, and immune rejection upon allogeneic transplantation. Allogeneic stem cell treatments simplify stem cell manufacturing and reduce transplant time, but their therapeutic potential is limited by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. CSCs retain characteristics essential for tissue regeneration. However, several limitations hinder cancer stem cell reprogramming with pluripotent factors. The development of 3D culture models for tissue imitating extracellular matrix in cancer cell lines aims to enhance CSC enrichment. This mini-review focuses on a new strategy for treating incurable degenerative diseases involving in vitro and in vivo 3D cancer models and the induced differentiation of CSCs into mature normal cell types. This allows tissue survival without immune rejection and offers a safe alternative to cancer stem cell reprogramming with pluripotent factors. In conclusion, preservation and banking of allogeneic CSCs offer an alternative, readily available, and safe strategy that can be used to facilitate stem cell-based cell therapy.

Josita alloysius

Telangana, a rapidly developing state in India, is committed to transforming its higher education landscape to meet the demands of the 21st century. This abstract outlines the key strategies and initiatives being implemented to elevate educational standards and ensure that students receive a world-class learning experience. This paper explores the efforts and strategies implemented to elevate the standards of higher education in Telangana, focusing on the challenges and opportunities encountered in delivering quality education. Over the past decade, Telangana has taken significant steps to enhance its higher education system by improving infrastructure, curriculum, teaching methodologies, and fostering collaborations with national and international institutions. The introduction of state-specific initiatives, such as the Telangana Academy for Skill and Knowledge (TASK), along with reforms in university governance, accreditation processes, and the promotion of research and innovation, has played a crucial role in improving educational outcomes. The paper also delves into the socio-economic impact of these improvements, particularly the increased employability of graduates, their contributions to the local economy, and the role of emerging institutions like Young India Skill University. By addressing both the successes and ongoing challenges, this study aims to provide insights into how quality higher education can be a catalyst for regional development and social mobility in Telangana.

Dr gedam kamalakar

India’s economic system has undergone significant changes in recent years reflecting globalization and changes in national policies. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of India’s economic growth, focusing on imports and exports. The study explores the key drivers of economic expansion, including trade liberalization, trade agreements, and technological advancement. It also explores the impact of international trade and geopolitical events on business models. It assesses the role of policy measures such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), the Make in India initiative, and various free trade agreements in generating economic benefits. The paper also assesses the trade balance and its impact on India’s economic stability and growth. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving the market, including diversifying entrepreneurs, investing in infrastructure, and strengthening the domestic economy. The review provides insights to policymakers, businesses, and academics who want to understand and harness India’s economic potential in the global economy.

Dr gedam kamalakar

The evolution in Information Technology has gone a long way of bringing Igbo, one of the major Nigerian languages evolved. Some online service providers report news, publish articles and search with this language. The advancement will likely result to generation of huge textual data in the language, that needs to be organized, managed and classified efficiently for easy information access, extraction and retrieval by the end users. This work presents an enhanced model for Igbo text classification. The classification was based on N-gram and K-Nearest Neighbour techniques. Considering the peculiarities in Igbo language, N-gram model was adopted for the text representation. The text was represented with Unigram, Bigram and Trigram techniques. The classification of the represented text was done using the K-Nearest Neighbour technique. The model is implemented with the Python programming language together with the tools from Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK). The evaluation of the Igbo text classification system performance was done by calculating the recall, precision and F1-measure on N-gram represented text. The result shows text classification on bigram represented Igbo text has highest degree of exactness (precision); trigram has the lowest level of precision and result obtained with the three N-gram techniques has the same level of completeness (recall). Bigram text representation technique is extremely recommended for any text-based system in Igbo. This model can be adopted in text analysis, text mining, information retrieval, natural language processing and any intelligent text-based system in the language.

Dr. nkechi ifeanyi-reuben

Dunbar syndrome (DS) is a rare condition, predominantly in females. It arises due to the compression of the celiac trunk and celiac plexus by the fibrous attachments of the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm. DS mimics many common gastrointestinal disorders due to the postprandial nature of symptoms and is technically a diagnosis of exclusion, confirmed by various imaging modalities. The goal of treatment is decompression of the celiac trunk, and surgery is either the mainstay of therapy, along with adjuvant interventional procedures like percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting. In this review article, we revisit DS to enhance awareness among healthcare providers and discuss this disorder in terms of its historical background, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.

Karishma