Carica papaya leaves are a popular remedy to treat Dengue-induced thrombocytopenia. There have been reports of Carica papaya effects as antibacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory. There is limited evidence documenting the effects of Carica papaya on increasing platelet count in relation to Dengue infection. Moreover, the mechanism by which Carica papaya increases the platelet counts has not been elucidated. Understanding how Carica papaya affects platelet function may have implications beyond Dengue fever management. This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which Carica papaya affects platelet count. The mechanism of thrombocytopenia in the aqueous and methanol extracts was elucidated by measuring reactive oxygen species in platelets using chemiluminescence. Both aqueous and methanol extracts of Carica papaya leaves were found to increase reactive oxygen species levels in vitro. This study is the first to try to demonstrate the mechanism by which Carica papaya increases platelet count. Carica papaya leaves may be developed into novel and useful therapeutic agents in the management of thrombocytopenia-related disorders and cardiovascular diseases.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The kidney contains mineral deposits in various phases of calcium salts, such as calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4.2H2O) / brushite is a stable form of calcium phosphate, which exists in the form of kidney and bladder stones. The study aimed to explore the possible morphological features of brushite crystals. The study was carried out on a glass slide under a microscope to observe the growth patterns of these crystals. For this purpose, a drop of gel medium (sodium meta silicate solution + 1M orthophosphoric acid solution) at pH 4.99-5.09 was placed in the middle of a glass slide and converted into a gel. A 1M calcium chloride drop was added to form the gel adequately. The glass slide was observed under a microscope till it was completely dried. Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate was formed as elementary needles, needle clusters, an assemblage of needles with platy crystals, plates with spatial branches, radiating assemblage of platy crystals, star shape crystals and tetragonal bipyramidal. The Current study provides brushite crystallisation phases on glass slides for the first time. It may also be used as a model to evaluate prophylactic management against renal stones through in vitro assessment of crystal growth and aggregation inhibition and modulation of developing or developed crystals by using different natural products. However, it was a preliminary study with no quantitative or statistical analysis.

Dr. salman ahmed

This review was aimed to describe a new approach of healthcare performance strategy based on individual genetic variants. Personalized medicine is a model for health care which is a combination of preventive, personalized, participatory and predictive measures. It is an approach for a better treatment by identifying the disease causing genomics makeup of an individual. This work features key advancements in the improvement of empowering advances that further the objective of customized and precision medication and the remaining difficulties that, when tended to, may produce phenomenal abilities in acknowledging genuinely individualized patient consideration. Customized treatment for patients determined to have strong tumors has brought about a few advances as of late. To improve a multi-drug approach ready to coordinate DNA and RNA adjustment, proteomics and metabolomics will be essential. The execution of translational examinations dependent on fluid biopsy and organoids or xenografts to assess molecular changes because of clonal weight produced because of the utilization of target specialists or tumor heterogeneity would help in the recognition of systems of opposition, proposing opportunities for novel mixes. The investigation of massive data in oncology can profit altogether from being engaged by artificial intelligence and machine learning strategies.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Mutual fund investment specifically in India and particularly in western Maharashtra is a very challenging aspect. This paper aims to study various factors influencing the investor’s choice of mutual fund, criteria for selecting particular scheme, previous performance of Mutual fund asset Management Company and services provided by them. Similarly Investor education and awareness. To have the competitive advantage proactive steps taken by the Asset management companies would be beneficial like proper financial planning guidelines, providing information pertaining to Net asset value, benchmark indices, analysing purchase decision involvement of the investors and very importantly understanding the risk averse behaviour of the investors and adequate and reliable information about the scheme.Understanding investor behaviour, specifically information search and Processing behaviour of mutual fund schemes is instrumental for effective marketing. Perhaps very few researchers have focused on investor behavioural finance. It is complex set of understanding pertaining to investor psychology; various parameters guiding principles and risk averse capability of the investor dynamically guide the behaviour. Mutual fund companies while promoting the products and marketing need to consider these several influencing parameters so as to effectively cater to the needs of the investor which would truly win the customers and enhance customer confidence and trust.Risk aversion behaviour is also the key to understand the investor risk appetite behaviour in terms of conservative or aggressive investor measuring various demographic and psychographic metrics that play a crucial role to predict and understand the likely behaviour.

Nitin mali

ABSTRACT- Objective- The principal objective of the present investigation was the preparation of several analogs to further evaluate the binding site hypothesis. Aryl semicarbazides have also been reported to display excellent anticonvulsant activity in mice and rats. Method- In this project, the synthesis of semicarbazone derivatives was carried out. All molecules were synthesized using the common starting material –aniline. In all compounds, an intermediate was first formed by substituted phenyl urea using substituted aniline and potassium cyanate, and then it was hydrolyzed to get substituted phenyl semicarbazide, which was directly coupled with ketones. All the synthesized compounds were biologically screened for their anticonvulsant activity by the MES method. Result- Standard error mean was calculated concerning standard and control drug, Phenytoin sodium (25mg/kg.) and DMSO. The synthesized semicarbazone was characterized by using IR Spectroscopy. One another representative molecule compound was characterized using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Conclusion- It can be concluded that designed semicarbazones were synthesized and characterized successfully. After synthesis of designed semicarbazones compounds were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. Finally, two compounds have shown better activity in comparison to the other molecules.

Ajay garg

Motherhood has true nobility and unique capacities. Pregnancy and childbirth are special events in women’s lives. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Infra-red radiation therapy on pain perception and wound healing among primi postnatal women with episiotomy in Christian mission hospital, Madurai. The study was conducted among 60 postnatal women, 30 in experimental group and 30 in control group, who were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was done as planned 6 weeks were taken for data collection procedure. The data gathered were analyzed and the interpretation was made on the study objectives. The paired‘t’ test and independent‘t’ test were used to find out the effectiveness of infrared radiation therapy. Comparison of pain perception and wound healing status values between pre-test and post-test, experimental and control group showed a significant difference at 0.05 levels. The study concluded that the infrared radiation therapy was effective in reducing episiotomy pain and wound healing. Therefore, infra-red radiation therapy should be used to augment the therapy of episiotomy. Keywords: Pain perception, Wound healing, Episiotomy, Infrared lamp

Elsi queen

Micro-level assessment of vulnerability to climate change creates basis for policy formulation. The study specifically ascertained the levels and determinants of vulnerability to climate change among selected food crop farmers. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression analysis. The result revealed that 15.95%, 68.97% and 15.08% of the households were highly vulnerable, moderately vulnerable and less vulnerable to climate change respectively. This implies a varied effect on crop farmers. The result also showed that amount saved, extension contacts, household expenditure and value of crop were significant at 1% level. The study recommended the provision of basic amenities and soft loans to farmers as well as an improvement in extension services. It also advocated the introduction of effective climate change mitigation and adaptive measures to boost agricultural output in their area.

Comfort chikezie

Background: Numerous studies have linked uterine fibroids to hypertension, suggesting that this condition may be a risk factor unique to women. These days, fibroids are the main cause of myomectomy and hysterectomy. This study aimed to ascertain the relationship between uterine fibroids and hypertension in Saudi women. Methods: This case-control study was carried out between January 2023 and January 2024 on patients with uterine fibroids and non-uterine fibroids who had an appointment for surgery at the gynecological department of the Maternal and Children Hospital (MCH) Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia. Blood pressure readings and fibroid diameters are important factors in studying uterine fibroids. Results: The 140 individuals who were split into 70 cases and 70 control groups had average ages of 41.62±2.16 and 44±1.10. 95 participants had menorrhagia, which was the most common ailment in both groups. In contrast to the controls, the uterine fibroid cases had significantly higher rates of anemia (54.2%), OCP (12.8%), infertility (11.4%), and abortion (37.1%) (P<0.001). 48.5% of uterine fibroids had hypertension, compared to 17.1% of controls (P<0.001).Conclusion: There is a considerable relationship between uterine fibroids and hypertension. Anemia, infertility, and abortion are higher in uterine fibroid cases.

Karishma

Field studies were carried out in wet seasons of 2014 and 2015 in rice fields of College Farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to understand the abundance and biodiversity of spiders in varied rice cultivation systems. Design of the experiment was split plot with three main modules, viz., transplanted, broadcasted and drum sown rice and subtreatments under each main module included three plant protection methods viz., organic protection, farmers’ practices and ‘no protection’ practices. Results showed that predator numbers in ‘no protection’ and organic protection plots of all main treatments were more than in farmers’ practices indicating the impact of the chemical pesticides. A total of 22 genera of spiders belonging to 12 families were recorded which comprised of seven guilds based on their hunting strategies and microhabitats. Shannon diversity index ranged between 1.83 and 2.26 and Pielou’s evenness index was 0.59-0.72 in two years of study indicating a stable ecosystem and even species distribution in rice crop at Rajendranagar. Study of the guild assemblage indicated that orb-weavers constituted 28.1% of the population, ground runners 23.51%, space web builders 18.38%, sheet-web builders 13.12%, stalkers 8.04% and ambushers made upto 0.38% of the spider population. Understanding the vertical stratification of various spider genera on the plant gave further insight into the prey preferences of these predators.

Gorthi anitha

In some countries, a high percentage of the population relies on traditional plants for treating certain diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of G. alypum extract (GAE) and Alhagj marorum extract (AME) on lipid profiles in experimentally induced hypercholesteremic rats and on the blood pressure of experimentally induced hypertensive rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 200 - 300 g were divided into five groups: group 1 received a normal diet (negative control), group 2 received a high lipid diet containing coconut oil (10 g/kg/day), cholesterol (4 g/kg/day) and cholic acid (0.20 g/kg/day) (positive control), group 3 received a high lipid diet together with clofibrate (50 mg/kg/day), group 4 received a high lipid diet together with AME (200 mg/kg/day) and group 5 received GAE (200 mg/kg/day). The experiment continued for two weeks, then the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for estimation of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein. To induce hypertension, rats were divided into two groups (n = 8 in each group). Group 1 received normal saline (control) and Group 2 received dexamethasone (0.40 mg/kg, i.p.) for seven consecutive days. Later, the rats were anesthetized using thiopental and the carotid artery was cannulated for recording blood pressure. AME (40 mg/kg) or GAE (40 mg/kg) were injected through a cannula placed into the internal jugular vein at a dose volume of 0.1 ml. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and after plant extract administration. The results showed that clofibrate GAE extract and ANE extract significantly decreased cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein as compared to high-lipid diet-treated rats. Data also indicated that administration of GAE or AME extract significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in experimentally induced hypertensive rats. In conclusion, GAE and AME have antihyperlipidemic and antihypertensive activities and further investigation is needed to clarify the mechanism of these effects.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders worldwide. It is mainly associated with a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta

Nagarjuna narayanasetti

Emesis, also known as nausea and vomiting, are common symptoms associated with ingestion of toxicants, drug side effects, advanced terminal diseases such as cancer and postoperative procedures. Emesis is mediated through the coordinated action of central and peripheral regulatory centres that involve receptors including dopamine Type 2, serotonin, muscarinic cholinergic, histamine, cannabinoids and NK-1 receptors. Many anti-emetic drugs targeting these receptors are currently in use, but they also cause undesirable side effects such as excessive sedation, hypotension, dry mouth, dysphoria, hallucinations and extrapyramidal signs. This review highlights the pharmacological mechanism of emesis, current antiemetic drugs, and a detailed analysis of in vitro and in vivo anti-emetic bioassay models. The pharmacology of crude natural products extracts and purified anti-emetic compounds (cannabinoids, chalcones, diarylheptanoids, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, lignans, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides, saponins, terpenes and glycosidic derivatives) are also systematically presented with their mechanism of action. The potential of natural products as sources of new clinically proven anti-emetic drugs is discussed.

Dr. salman ahmed

The % age elemental composition (ash, crude fat, crude protein, moisture and total carbohydrates) was determined in the Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Phaseolus lunatus Linn., and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn., legume flours. M. uniflorum contained moisture (8.9), ash (3.34), crude fat (1.30), crude protein (18.15) and total carbohydrate (68.31). Similarly, moisture (9.14), ash (3.73), crude fat (1.78), crude protein (22.64) and total carbohydrate (62.71) were estimated in P. lunatus. Meanwhile, P. vulgaris contained moisture (9.43), ash (3.61), crude fat (3.49), crude protein (19.46) and total carbohydrate (64.01). The gross, ash free, moisture and ash free calorific values were also determined. P. vulgaris showed the highest(3.91) and P. lunatus lowest (3.84), whereas M. uniflorum (3.86) caloric values (kcal/g), respectively. The elemental composition and caloric values of tested legume flours justify them as good sources of nutrition and energy.

Dr. salman ahmed

ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production via oxidative stress leads to selective neuronal degeneration and finally results in neurodegenerative diseases. PD (Parkinson’s disease) is one of the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by overproduction of ROS due to the activity of xanthine oxidase. XO activity inhibitors may prove to be promising antiparkinson agents. Present investigation describes the synthesis and characterization of fluoro substituted pyrazolyl pyrazoline derivatives using spectrometer and 1HNMR spectra. Molecular docking studies of NAP1-NAP5 derivatives were performed in silico using molecular docking software. The resulting dock score in terms of D score has been compared with the standard XO inhibitor i.e. Allopurinol and Oxypurinol. The in silico approach used to study the Drug and Enzyme interaction using docking mechanism. Results indicated that the NAP derivatives accounted for better region specificity towards XO. It shows the strong binding interaction of ligand and receptor calculated on the basis of D score; hence the D score shows highest affinity. Overall score tabulation for D score as 2NAP1: -101.78; 2NAP2: -118.32; 2NAP3: -99.921; 2NAP4: -105.22; 2NAP5: -101.56; accordingly with the comparison of standard ligand molecule i.e. Allopurinol: -37.016 and Oxypurinol: -37.233.

Dr. wahul umesh b

Parkinson’s disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. It is characterized by psychological disturbances and other symptoms that vary with the severity of the condition. Common mental health issues include anxiety, mood fluctuations, hallucinations, psychosis, depression, and cognitive decline. These psychiatric conditions should be taken into account when diagnosing Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis before initiating treatment is essential, as overlooking these psychological aspects can lead to suboptimal care.

Karishma

The learning process in the new normal is currently still undergoing a process of adaptation. Where the learning is still limited face-to-face and some others are brave. Process adaptation. This learning requires an NHT learning technique that makes it easier for class II students to understand the concept of social studies learning in the natural and artificial environment as a whole and is able to increase their motivation in learning. The research method uses a quantitative design using a non-equivalent control group design. The variables of this study consisted of independent variables and dependent variables. The population of this study were all second grade students at Anak Saleh Elementary School, while the samples were second grade students who carried out the bold learning process and second grade students who carried out offline learning processes. The data collection used in this study included interviews, questionnaires and observations. The data analysis technique is validity test and reliability test. Analysis of the data used through data coding, data transfer to a computer using prerequisite tests and hypothesis testing. The results of the research show: 1) the level of understanding of the social studies concept of class II students who study with the Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning technique is better than conventional learning techniques of 0.429 (results from the t-test) and 2) the level of motivation to learn social studies of class students II with Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning technique of 0.733 is better than conventional learning which is only 0.704. Surely this is greater than rtable = 0.361.

Educare: journal of primary education

Kegiatan belajar mengajar siswa disekolah yang berpusat pada guru mengakibatkan siswa hanya menerima mata pelajaran secara pasif pembelajaran yang seperti ini mengakibatkan siswa kurang berminat dalam mengikuti pembelajaran tematik,proses pembelajaran yaitukurang maksimal pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran yang diterapkan sehingga peserta didik kurang menarik dengan pembelajaran dan metode yang sebelumnya, Sehingga berpengaruh kepada pemahaman siswa. Berdasarkan latar belakang Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah 1)Bagaimana Perencanaan metode Rol Playing pada pembelajaran tematik di Madrasah IbidaiyahDarul Ulum Sukorambi Jember tahun pelajaran 2018/2019? 2)Bagaimana Pelaksanaanmetode Rol Playing pada pembelajaran tematik di Madrasah Ibidaiyah Darul Ulum Sukorambi Jember tahun pelajaran 2018/2019? 3) Bagaimna evalusai Metode Role Playingpada pembelajaran tematik di Madrasah Ibidaiyah Darul Ulum Sukorambi Jember tahun pelajaran 2018/2019? Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: Perencanaan metode Role Playing pada pembelajaran tematik di kelas IV yaitu: dengan menyusun Program tahunan, program semester, silabus dan RPP(Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran) dan dikembangkan dalam RPP dengan menggunakan metode Role Playing sehingga setiap siswa dapat memahami materi yang telah dipelajarinya.

Educare: journal of primary education

The present study evaluates the efficacy of Vilanterol-Fluticasone Furoate (VI-FF) versus Formoterol-Budesonide (FM-BD) combination therapy in stable asthma. Both regimens led to significant improvements in asthma control, as evidenced by marked increases in FEV1 (% predicted) and ACT scores over time. The demographic characteristics, baseline respiratory symptoms, and treatment outcomes were similar between the groups, indicating that both strategies were equally effective for managing asthma. The findings indicate that both VI-FF once daily and FM-BD twice daily therapies enhance lung function and asthma control. Significant improvements in FEV1 (% predicted) and ACT scores were observed in both groups, as confirmed by intention-to-treat (ITT) and perprotocol (PPA) analyses. The equivalent efficacy of VI-FF and FM-BD, combined with the convenience of once-daily dosing, suggests that VI-FF may be preferable for patients who struggle with a twice-daily regimen. These findings highlight VI-FF as a convenient and reliable treatment, particularly can benefit patients with adherence challenges. In conclusion, our study's findings align well with other studies regarding demographic characteristics, baseline symptoms, exacerbation history, hospitalization history, and spirometry results. This consistency reinforces the validity and reliability of our results, suggesting that both VI-FF and FM-BD are effective options for stable asthma. The comparable efficacy supports flexibility in treatment choices, allowing for personalized asthma management. Future research should explore the long-term benefits and adherence patterns associated with these treatments to further optimize asthma management.

Dr k c yadav

Overall, disability refers to a physical or mental state that impairs an individual's ability to function in daily life. It suffices to say that disability is a medical-social issue that affects both the family and the nation. In a country like India, where girl children are frequently stigmatized as a burden on society, the condition of girl children with special needs is frequently subject to carelessness, lack of compassion, and illiteracy. Though the situation has improved slightly since the introduction of inclusive education, the situation is critical for tribal girl students with special needs. In a fragile socioeconomic environment, tribal girls are already vulnerable to high dropout rates, early marriage, and an ignorant attitude from family members, but the situation is pitiful for tribal girls with special needs. The tribal girl students with special needs suffer quadruple discrimination of being female, being disabled, being ST, and being socio-economically backward. Here, intervention through artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted devices can be critical in overcoming the barriers encountered by tribal girl students with special needs in the process of inclusion and development

Souren bhattacharya

The advancement of the information technology and web technology have brought changes to existing information storage and retrieval system such as Digital library, online database, digital repository, virtual library, etc. Libraries have witnessed tremendous changes in recent years in terms of their collection and services. Information explosion and user's demand of the users required the development of a more comprehensive library collection. Publishers have now started publishing on-line version/electronic versions of their printed journals. Owing to the cost of journals, many colleges and universities are unable to procure these journals. Ministry of HRD and UGC has started procuring the e-resources from the 25 world-class publishers under consortia mode at a much reduced price for all university libraries. BHU library is one of the beneficiaries of this UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium. The present study is the part of Ph.D. research work of one of the authors. To ascertain the usage of the e-resources available to the BHU library by the teachers and scholars, this survey was conducted. The present investigation discusses the use of electronic resources (e-journals, e-books, online/ offline databases, web resources) which are made available by the INFLIBNET Centre in eresource consortium like UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium by the teachers and scholars of BHU. The present study was conducted as a part of doctoral research work from January 2015 to July 2015.

Dr. awadhesh singh gautam