The analgesic activity Of the crude hexane and ethanol extracts of the leaves and male flowers of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem., (sponge gourds) was carried out at dose of 500 mg /kg b.w., (p.o.) in mechanically induced pain in rats by using analgesy-meter. These extracts produced significant analgesic effect results of the present study revealed the analgesic properties of the leaves and male flowers of Luffa cylindrica.

Dr. salman ahmed

In order to overcome the carcinogenic ‘polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon’ emission from aromatic oils, which are restricted in European countries since 2010, various efforts have been made to replace the aromatic oil in rubber-based compounds either fully or partially. The authors in the present work have used liquid isoprene rubber (LIR50 or LIR) as a reactive plasticizer in natural rubber (NR) compound at different loadings (2, 4, 6 and 8 phr) and have studied its effect on viscosity, curing characteristics and physico-mechanical properties. These results were compared with the control compound containing conventional aromatic oil as plasticizer. From the experimental data, it was noticed that, the minimum torque for control compound was 0.33 dNm and that for LIR based compounds ranged between 0.16 to 0.56 dNm. The LIR based compounds exhibited slightly higher Mooney viscosity but offers the same scorch safety. The study supports the utility of LIR as a promising alternative, as revealed by the comparable rheological and physico-mechanical properties attained with the usage of appropriate quantity of LIR, unlike the other alternatives of the previous investigations that usually showed a property difference. Keywords: aromatic oil, liquid rubber, reactive plasticizer, safe processing oil.

Chandresh m. p.

Tuberculosis is communicable disease which is common and often deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem in the world. The aim of this study is to assess prevalence and associated risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment and development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were also considered. Drugs for Pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed cases used in calculating tuberculosis prevalence in Libya which is obtained from archive department of Abu Seta Hospital. Data obtained from 427 files during 2019 determine the incidence and epidemiology of tuberculosis in Libya. For a total of 427 confirmed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, about 75.0% of the cases were male and most of the patients (55.0%) were within the age group of 20 - 40 years old. Of the study patients, 114 patients (26.7%) were viral infected and most of the viral infected cases were in the age group of 20 - 40 years and the majority of this age group patients (n = 41, 53.2%) were infected with HIV/HCV, while the least percentage in this group age were infected with HIV/HBsAg (01.3%). Among 427 cases, 73 cases (17.1%) were comorbid with other chronic diseases. Of the 73 cases, 54 cases (74.0%) were diabetes mellitus whereas only 1.4% of them had bronchial asthma, Parkinsonism and renal failure. The drug therapy of active tuberculosis disease needs combination chemotherapy to escape the selection of naturally occurring drug-resistant mutants. Amongst current anti tuberculosis drugs, the rifamycins hold the highest potential for shortening treatment and improving effects. Prevalence of smear positive tuberculosis and bacteriologically confirmed that a high rate of tuberculosis among unemployed population. This study reported that the highest incidence rate is found in people who are smokers.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to examine the nexus between the reforms that have been carried out in Nigeria concerning the power sector, and the implications of the reforms on the transformation of agro-allied industries. The power sector, no doubt, can be said to have the potential that can propel national development considering the overall importance of energy to the survival of the nation in terms of job creation, industrial development and sustenance as well increase in revenue generation and Foreign Direct Investment opportunities, among others. The unfortunate situation, however, is that in spite of a number of policies enunciated by successive governments aimed at improving on the power sector, not much has been achieved. The multiplier effect of this kind of development has been seen in the widespread epileptic power shortages, downward spiral of efforts towards industrial development drive; unemployment, shortage of national revenue accruing to government coffers, bourgeoning and rising poverty levels, to mention but a few. All of these have further contributed to the growing army of problems currently being witnessed in the country at the moment. This study is a theoretical exposition of the existing works of scholars and experts in the broader field of power sector reforms. The paper is exploratory in structure and method of its investigation. The study concludes and recommends that in view of the prevailing socio-economic circumstances in Nigeria, genuine reforms in the energy sector devoid of political rhetorics will go a long way in mitigating some of the challenges of contemporary times in the power sector

Canice erunke

During Movement Control Order (MCO) of COVID-19, many information has been disseminated through both traditional and social media. Some of that information was credible and came from reliable sources while other information was fake and included misinformation, disinformation, and infodemic. The people needed credible information rather than fake one in this critical time. This study aimed to explore the credibility of media, information sources, the main issues, and preferred communication patterns and method of works perceived by Malaysians during MCO. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 210 were returned. The results of this study showed that the majority of respondents 69% relied on new media as their main source of information compared to 30.9% who relied on traditional media. However, a total of 64.8% of respondents considered traditional media as more credible and accurate compared to 35.2% for new media. Additionally, the main concerns and issues followed by respondents on media were health, economic, social, education and others. Finally, a total of 55.7% preferred face to face communication compared to 44.3% who preferred online communication. A total of 51% of respondents preferred to work from the workplace or office compared to 49% who preferred to work from home. Television played a significant role during the pandemic period due to its high credibility as perceived by Malaysians. The main intriguing implication of this study is considering the traditional media as more credible than social media by the Malaysians although the social media was their main source of information.

Mohammed fadel arandas

The study was conducted on glass slides to observe the growth patterns of urinary calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals and their inhibition using 5, 10 and 15% Phaseolus vulgaris seed infusion. For this purpose, a drop of gel medium (sodium metasilicate of 1.06 specific gravity and 3M acetic acid solution) at pH 5.02-5.17 was placed in the middle of the glass slide and converted into gel. A single drop of 1 M oxalic acid was dropped to the left, and 1 M calcium chloride and magnesium acetate (1:1) solution fell to the right side of the adequately formed gel. The glass slide was observed under microscope till it was completely dried. In the case of the crystal inhibition study, a drop of Phaseolus vulgaris infusion was also added on the right side just after adding calcium chloride and magnesium acetate solution. The results without infusion showed detailed morphology and aggregation patterns of observed crystals as donut, dumbbells, needles, platy, prismatic, rosette, round edges, and loose and compact aggregates. All infusions of Phaseolus vulgaris showed defective crystals. 5 % infusion inhibited crystals of all morphologies with their loose and compact aggregates except rosettes. Whereas 10 and 15 % infusion converted the rosette crystals into ineffective calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals of tetragonal bipyramidal and elongated rod shape. The microscopic study of calcium oxalate crystal growth and its inhibition is simple and provides rapid qualitative analysis of antiurolithiatic activity.

Dr. salman ahmed

The current study was designed to explore the antiemetic effect of the methanolic extracts of Acalypha fimbriata Schumach. & Thonn., Acalypha ornata Hochst., and Acalypha wilkesiana cv. godseffiana Muell Arg., aerial parts using chick emesis model to validate their folk use in G.I. disorders. Emesis was induced by the oral administration of copper sulfate to male chicks. All the extracts (150 mg/kg orally) showed an antiemetic effect and were compared with the reference drug chlorpromazine. Among all the extracts, Acalypha ornata Hochst., leaves extract showed the highest (94.51%) and Acalypha fimbriata Schumach. & Thonn., stem extract showed the lowest (35.04%) antiemetic effect.

Dr. salman ahmed

Each student has different potentials from one another, because each person is indeed born with a variety of different talents and has brought out his or her own nature, namely good nature that encourages tawhid and other natural qualities in the form of various innate potentials such as talents, intellectual abilities and others. The research approach used is a descriptive qualitative approach with the type of case study. The techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. While the validity of the data used triangulation of techniques and sources. The results of this study indicate: (1) Mina talents at MI Miftahul Muna through recruitment where students choose and register themselves to take part in the extracurricular program. Such as: drumband, dance, qiroat, scout, Pencak Silat, Chess, Volleyball, football, hadrah, singing, fashion, culinary, and calligraphy. (2) Interest talent planning, namely: Learning Implementation Plan, preparing experts who are competent in their fields as well as students recruited through extracurricular registration. Except for the drum band in this case bringing in experts from outside. (3) Implementation of talent and interest development at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Miftahul Muna Kesilir, which is carried out once a week every Friday unless the drumband is held on Fridays and Sundays and if you want to appear at certain events, you can adjust the trainer's schedule or not. (4) Supervision is carried out directly at the time of the activity and some is carried out in an indirect way such as in this drumband activity because it brings in a trainer and is reported to the Madrasah Head.

Educare: journal of primary education

Urolithiasis has been a common problem for centuries and has a high recurrence. This review covers the forty-two (42) antiurolithiatic plants of the family Apiaceae used in 18 different countries. Hopefully, this review will not only be helpful for the general public but also attract the scientific world for antiurolithiatic drug discovery.

Dr. salman ahmed

Urolithiasis is a very old and common urological disorder with its worldwide prevalence, multi-factorial etiology, increased recurrent rate and severe consequences. The adverse effects of currently available antiurolithiatic agents potentiate natural product researchers to explore natural antiurolithiatic compounds with fewer side effects. The presented communication is actually a review of the antiurolithiatic effect of four hundred and fifty-seven (457) plants belonging to one hundred and eight (108) families found in different parts of the world. This review will provide helpful information for discovering natural antiurolitiatic compounds and fill the gaps in knowledge.

Dr. salman ahmed

Febrile convulsions have been defined as any convulsion associated with a fever of more than 38 oC without central nervous system infection in a child aged six months to five years. Febrile convulsion can be divided into two groups of simple and complex seizures. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of febrile convulsions in Libyan children and to investigate the associated risk factors related to this type of seizure in children. 120 cases of febrile convulsions with one day - 12 years old were collected during from April to August 2022. A study has conducted in the Pediatrics Hospital in Bayda City, Libya about the prevalence of febrile convulsions in children, the data collection tool was a self-designed pre-tested validated questionnaire including general information such as age, gender, family history, and admission to the hospital. In addition, data such as body temperature, recurrent convulsion attacks, the condition of hospital admission, discharge status, the treatment in-hospital and out-hospital. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive methods. Among the 120 children, the majority of the cases were aged between two years and five years old. The gender prevalence rate in this study was 55.0% in males and 97 of the children were hospitalized due to simple febrile seizure (80.8%), 92 of the cases with no family history of febrile convulsions (75.0%) and respiratory tract infections is the main cause of febrile convulsions. In conclusion, this study indicated that respiratory tract infections is the most common cause of febrile convulsions among Libyan children, however, a large sample study is needed to support this issue in Libya.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The research into plant is used to search for new agents with pharmacological activities. This study seeks to evaluate the effects of the palm leaf methanolic extract against nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and weight loss induced by chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin in a rat’s model. Five groups of rats (n= 4 in each group) were treated with or without doxorubicin (3.0 mg/kg/day, ip) and with palm leaf methanolic extract (400 mg/kg/day or 1200 mg/kg/day, po), followed by evaluation of renal and hepatic biochemical markers. The findings obtained indicated that palm leaf methanolic extract exerts protective effects against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Doxorubicin significantly elevated renal function markers, namely creatinine, uric acid and urea, however, these biomarkers remained within normal levels after treatment with palm leaf methanolic extract (400 mg/kg/day) as compared to the control group. Treating the rats with doxorubicin and palm leaf methanolic extract at doses 400 mg/kg/day and 1200 mg/kg/day, counteracts the doxorubicin-induced elevation of serum creatinine and uric acid compared to the doxorubicin group. Doxorubicin also significantly increased hepatic function tests namely alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and bilirubin as compared to the control group. In addition, treating the rats with palm leaf methanolic extract doses and doxorubicin caused a significant decrease in the serum levels of hepatic markers compared to the doxorubicin group. Doxorubicin treatment resulted in a weight loss of 34.1%, the weight loss caused by doxorubicin was prevented by treating the rats with the extract at 1200 mg/kg/day as compared to their baseline body weight. Thus, the results of the current study suggest that the active constituents present in the palm leaf methanolic extract have a protective effect against hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and weight loss-induced by doxorubicin.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Stability studies ensuring the maintenance of product quality, safety and efficacy throughout the shelf life are considered as pre-requisite for the acceptance and approval of any pharmaceutical product. These studies are required to be conducted in a planned way following the guideline issused by ICH, WHO and or other agencies. Importance of various methods followed for stability testing of pharmaceutical products, guideline issued for stability testing and other aspects related to stability of pharmaceutical products have been presented in a present review.

Prachi barbhaiya

The coronaviruses are group of viruses containing about seven members that have genetic material of RNA. They are surrounded by the protein capsid and lipid-containing membrane which has spike protein as flower petals. This family of viruses can infect animals and birds as well as humans causing signs and symptoms of respiratory system. However, these depend on the immune system of the infected host. The COVID-19 pandemic is a major global health disaster and the greatest task have faced the world. The infecting agent of COVID-19 disease was identified on December 31st, 2019 by Chinese scientist in Wuhan City. It was named Novel Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 or SARS-2). After that, health minister of China announced that this virus is a new Coronavirus and it is of very high contagious rate [1]. In spite of the existence of many infectious cases in Libya at the winter season, the National Center of Disease Control (NCDC) announced about the first case of coronavirus on March 24th, 2020. It was identified by using a RT-PCR technique for a patient who came from Saudi Arabia. The NCDC, which is the government corporation responsible for the COVID-19 in Libya, has a daily news report about COVID-19 situation, including numbers of new cases infected patients, healing cases and total deaths number all over the country

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

COVID-19 is associate communicable disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. It's currently a virulent disease unfold moving several countries globally. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and practices of COVID-19 among general public at the selected setting, Chennai. The main objective was to assess the knowledge and practice on COVID-19, correlate the knowledge with practice on COVID-19, and associate the knowledge and practice on COVID-19 with the demographic variables among the public. A Quantitative non-experimental analysis style was used to assess the knowledge and practice of COVID-19. Sixty individuals were chosen through the non-probability convenience sampling technique. The findings of the analysis disclosed that the majority (40%) of the samples had a high level of knowledge and 43.3% of them had a good practice, 33.3% of them had a moderate level of knowledge and 30% of them had moderate practice, whereas 26.7% of them had a low level of knowledge and 26.7% of them had poor practice on COVID 19. Keywords:- COVID-19, Knowledge, Practice, Pandemic, General Public.

Elsi queen

Internet of Things (IoT) enhances the global connectivity to all the remote sensing devices. It enables the connectivity of communication and processing the real-time data that has been collected from an enormous number of connected sensing devices. There is an increase in the IoT technology that leads to various malicious attacks. It is more important to overcome the malicious attacks, mainly to stop attackers or intruders from taking all the control of devices. Ensuring the safety and accuracy of the sensing devices is a serious task. It is very much important to enabling the authenticity and integrity to obtain the safety of the devices. Dynamic tree chaining, Geometric star chaining and Onion encryption are the three solutions that has been proposed in this project for in order to enable authenticity and integrity with information hiding for secure communication. The simulation results are driven displays that the proposed system is very stable and much better than other existing solution in means of security, space and time.

Jebin bose s

The methanol extract of the whole alga Hypnea pannosa J. Agardh was subjected to antifungal screening. It showed low activity against Aspergillus flavus Link ex Gray 1821.

Dr. salman ahmed

Dynamic capability has been used as the basis for organizations to build digital transformation to stay competitive in the market. This literature review aims to determine the significance of dynamic capability and digital transformation in family businesses. Using a systematic literature review methodology and utilizing the Dimensions database, three articles that met the criteria and fulfilled the goal of the review were selected. The findings indicate that family businesses have important dynamic capabilities that can aid their survival and expansion through digital transformation. Therefore, family business owners and managers should be able to identify and effectively use their dynamic capabilities to implement digital transformation in their business operations.

L

This study demonstrates main reasons for choosing The National University of Malaysia (UKM) by international students and their needs and expectations toward the University. The study also shows the obstacles faced by those students and their satisfaction towards UKM. A total of 108 questionnaires were distributed in the main campus to the respondents who came from ten diffident countries. The main reasons for choosing UKM were its high ranking, reasonable tuition fees, faculty, programmes, and lecturers respectively. The results revealed that the main obstacles faced international students were tough visa procedures, improper hostels, social isolation and discrimination, and bureaucracy. Both the facilities and services of UKM and the studying approach have met the expectations satisfaction of international students. Yet, both social relationship and participation in activities and living conditions in UKM hostels have disappointed international students and did not meet their satisfaction. This study suggested that UKM should establish counselling unit and organise regular meetings to listen to the problems and suggestions of those students. Volunteer and pre-enrolment activities should be organised to introduce the Malaysian culture and gather international students with their local peer. Moreover, international students should be provided upon their arrival to UKM by hostels that combine proper conditions of living at a reasonable price.

Mohammed fadel arandas

Cisplatin, cisplatinum, or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II), is a well-known chemotherapeutic drug. It is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents for various solid tumors in the clinic due to its high efficacy and broad spectrum. The antineoplastic activity of cisplatin is mainly due to its ability to cross-link with DNA, thus blocking transcription and replication, Subsequently inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. However, because of drug resistance and numerous undesirable side effects such as severe kidney problems, allergic reactions, decreased immunity to infections, gastrointestinal disorders, hemorrhage, and hearing loss especially in younger patients. Other common side effects include ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, hematological toxicity, cardiotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. These side effects together reduce the life quality of patients and require lowering the dosage of the drug, even stopping administration, thus weakening the treatment effect Therefore, substantial effort has been made to explore the complicated biochemical processes involved in the toxicology of cisplatin, aiming to identify effective ways to reduce or eradicate its toxicity. This review summarizes and reviews the updated advances in the toxicological research of cisplatin.

Nehal