Market trends indicate that natural health products are being used to maintain health as well as prevent and treat many medical conditions. A recent Canadian survey showed that 71% of the Canadian population have used a natural health product. Among these, many reports that they take natural health products on a daily basis. This review emphasizes on Canadian post-market surveillance system that apply to natural health products for human use. The public's perception is that the natural health products are all-natural, safe and effective, but there is still a wide variety of harms linked with these products. The post-market surveillance system is the monitoring window to observe and control the adverse effects of using natural health products. There are many activities involved in the post-surveillance to ensure the quality of the approved natural health products. Despite the fact that post-market surveillance plays a very important role in eliminating and/or reduce the risk of using natural health products, there are still some challenges and more work to be done to improve the outcome of the post-market surveillance of the natural health products.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This review shares historical glimpses of the art and science of urinary crystal growth in the gel. This successful journey of long and detailed research consists of theoretical and experimental knowledge. The survey consists of historical aspects of crystal growth, the development of urinary crystal growth in the gel as an in vitro urolithiasis model and the application of this model to evaluate prophylactic management against kidney stones.

Dr. salman ahmed

Sheath blight and Sheath rot of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Sarocladium oryzae is an economically important disease causing rigorous yield losses. Biological control of the disease using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a potential substitute to the presently available chemical control methods. The present investigation was aimed to study the plant growth promoting (PGP) activity and antagonistic activity of two rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescence and Rhizobium sp., isolated from rhizosphere area of rice, against two major rice pathogens. In the present work IAA (Indole acetic acid production) was found maximum amount in Pseudomonas fluorescence (30 mg / ml) and trace amount in Rhizobium sp. Maximum amount of Siderophore production was noticed in both isolates. Pseudomonas fluorescence showed positive result for the HCN production but Rhizobium sp., was found to be negative and both bacterial isolates solubilized phosphate in very effective manner. Both rhizobacteria were found to produce ammonia and catalase. The cross streak studies revealed that the complete inhibition of mycelia growth of Rhizotonia solani (85%) and partial inhibition of Sarocladium oryzae (45%) against two rhizobacteria. Antifungal compound extracted from both rhizobacteria were found to exhibit maximum antagonism against rice pathogens. This result concluded that both PGPR’s can be used as best bio-control agent against rice pathogens instead of hazards chemicals.

Dr. saranya devi k

L’émergence des territoires et l’épuisement des saltus stimulent des questions foncières longtemps restées en veilleuse. Au T ogo en général et spécifiquement dans l’Ouest de la Région des Savanes, la terre est une propriété privée des lignages. Le droit foncier y repose sur la prééminence du droit du premier occupant et matérialisé par une divinité appelée Tingban. L’insuffisance des preuves de prééminence et l’authenticité des fétiches, source de droit, opposent souvent les collectivités. La présente étude décrit l’épuisement des ressources foncières et analyse les conflits fonciers qui opposent les collectivités dans l’Ouest de la Région des Savanes. La méthodologie adoptée repose sur l’observation participante, la recherche documentaire et les entretiens. Les résultats révèlent de nombreuses disputes socio-foncières qui opposent les lignages, les villages et les cantons. Les collectivités contestent entre elles, les droits de paternité sur les terres dans 74% des cas alors que 26% des querelles foncières sont dus aux remises en cause des limites des propriétés collectives. Ces contestations plongent leurs racines dans la complexité du droit foncier coutumier fondé sur la prééminence du droit du premier occupant. Elles sont aussi liées à la non maîtrise des limites des domaines fonciers lignagers et des territoires cantonaux respectivement par les descendants, les chefs de villages et les chefs de cantons.

Assanvo

The present study aimed to explore the possible morphological features and growth patterns of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. The study was carried out on a glass slide under the microscope. The results showed that the calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals may be arborescent, donut, dumbbell, needles, platy, prismatic, rosette, round edges, loose agglomerates and compact aggregates. The study provides detailed information about calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals' morphology and aggregation patterns.

Dr. salman ahmed

Background: Dilation of pupil in Ophthalmic OPD is a routine procedure. Whether a sympathomimetic agent like phenylephrine should be used in hypertensive patients is still a question to be answered. This study tries to resolve the issue. Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular effects of combination of topical 5% phenylephrine and 0.8% Tropicamide. Method: Total 150 patients were subjected for this study (male and female) between 30-80 years of age. Combination of 5% phenylephrine and 0.8% tropicamide eye drops was instilled at an interval of 15 minutes thrice in the eyes of each patient. Any change in BP or HR was recorded Result: The data was collected and subjected to appropriate statistical method using R software version 4.2.1. This study has shown no significant increase in Blood Pressure and Heart Rate after instillation of 5% Phenylephrine and 0.8% Tropicamide eye drops except in one case. Conclusion: We conclude that combination of 5% Phenylephrine and 0.8% Tropicamide can be safely used in all patients who come for ocular examination but precautionary measures should be taken in hypertensive patients.

Dr. ashwani kumar ghai

Vesical explosion during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is an extremely rare, serious and dreadful complication, which should be considered as a blast injury requiring urgent exploratory laparotomy and repair. Until 2019, only 38 cases have been reportedin the International English literature. The underlying mechanism for this rare intravesical explosion is the generation and trapping of explosive gases under the dome of the bladder, which eventually detonates by sparks from the cutting electrode during TURP. Herein, we repor0low-up. Although uncommon, vesical explosion during TURP may occur and some preventive measures, discussed here, can be carried out to avoid this dreadful complication. In addition to the discussion of its mechanism, we will discuss the preventive measures of this dreadful event. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a vesical explosion reported in our department.

Karishma

Background: Exhaust noise is known to be a major pollutant in the environment and workplaces due to the development of industry and transportation. Exhaust noise can be reduced to normal levels by mufflers or silencers. A reactive muffler efficiently dampens noise at low frequencies by reflecting sound waves. Therefore, muffler design is of great importance in exhaust noise reduction. Transmission loss (TL) is an essential characteristic of mufflers, demonstrating their acoustical properties. Any acoustical appliance is selected based on its damping performance and reliability. Predicting TL through experimentation is different from theoretical calculations. Methods: In the present study, a double-expansion chamber muffler was designed as a reflective muffler on a laboratory scale by equations. Next, TL was evaluated by an impedance tube applying a 4-microphone technique to determine the acoustical performance of the designed muffler. Results: Findings revealed that the TL of the muffler at 312 Hz frequency obtained 27.5 dB agreement with the required TL of the muffler of 25 dB. In addition, the TL of the muffler against frequency attenuates noise in broadband frequencies. Conclusions: These results indicated that the built muffler provides desired TL for exhaust chambers. Therefore, equations can be used as a precise method for muffler design. Furthermore, multi-expansion chamber mufflers are useful for reducing noise at a wide range of frequencies.

Niloofar

Ayurvedic formulations are of three types, Herbal, Mineral and Herbo-Mineral. Of which, Herbomineral is prepared either by Khalweeya or by Bhasmeekarana procedures. The quality of Bhasma depends on the number of putas given. Rasa Bhasma is one such kind of a Herbo-mineral preparation which can be obtained by Puta procedure as described in texts of Rasa Shastra. Though there are different procedures mentioned for preparation of Rasa Bhasma, maarana done with Gorvara puta seems to be an apt way to obtain the final product. Puta is the generalised way of heat application used during the pharmaceutical procedures of Rasa dravyas, where the purified organic Metal/Mineral is converted completely into powder form which can be absorbed easily into the body without causing any ill effects. Different types of Puta have been explained for bhasmeekarana of different metals and minerals. Among them, certain putas have been mentioned where Mandaagni plays a crucial role in Maarana (Incineration). These Mandaagniputas are in use of preparing certain Bhasmas like ShilajitBhasma, HaratalaBhasma, GouripashanaBhasma, and PaaradaBhasma. As these drugs are having relatively low boiling and melting points when compared to other dravyas, and are easy to evaporate when exposed to high temperatures, they need a standardized quantum of heat by which they can be transformed into Bhasma. Gorvara puta is one such kind where agni plays a major role in the preparation of Bhasma. So, the present study A Comprehensive Study of Gorvara Puta in Preparation of Rasa Bhasmahas has been under taken.

Suri abhiram

OpenCitations is an infrastructure organization for open scholarship dedicated to the publication of open citation data as Linked Open Data using Semantic Web technologies, thereby providing a disruptive alternative to traditional proprietary citation indexes. Open citation data are valuable for bibliometric analysis, increasing the reproducibility of large-scale analyses by enabling publication of the source data. Following brief introductions to the development and benefits of open scholarship and to Semantic Web technologies, this paper describes OpenCitations and its data sets, tools, services, and activities. These include the OpenCitations Data Model; the SPAR (Semantic Publishing and Referencing) Ontologies; OpenCitations’ open software of generic applicability for searching, browsing, and providing REST APIs over resource description framework (RDF) triplestores; Open Citation Identifiers (OCIs) and the OpenCitations OCI Resolution Service; the OpenCitations Corpus (OCC), a database of open downloadable bibliographic and citation data made available in RDF under a Creative Commons public domain dedication; and the OpenCitations Indexes of open citation data, of which the first and largest is COCI, the OpenCitations Index of Crossref Open DOI-to-DOI Citations, which currently contains over 624 million bibliographic citations and is receiving considerable usage by the scholarly community.

Kamal singh

Background: From the public health point of view, the microbiological properties of domestic water supply are the most important parameters of domestic water supply because of the propensity for microbial water-related diseases. In Enugu State, statistics have shown that reported cases of waterborne diseases (including typhoid fever) have been on the increase since 2003. The aim of the study was to determine the bacteriological qualities of domestic water supply and prevalence of typhoid fever in five communities of Enugu State in connection with the rising incidence of typhoid fever in the state. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of sources of domestic water supply and prevalence of typhoid fever in five rural communities of Ezeagu Local Government Area. 297 copies of structured questionnaire, 10 grab water samples analysed using the membrane filtration method and 227 blood samples collected for Widal test were used to generate the data for the study, analysed as frequency distributions, t-test of means difference and Pearson product moment correlations using MaxStat (version 3.60) statistical software. Results: 2 (40%) of the 5 communities complied with the WHO standard for faecal coliform counts. Prevalence of typhoid fever was high in all the communities (71.4%-100%). Only faecal coliform counts correlated positively and strongly (r=0.69) with prevalence of typhoid fever. Conclusions: Since faecal coliform counts correlated positively and strongly (r=0.69) with prevalence of typhoid fever, improving the bacteriological qualities of domestic water supply may help to reduce the prevalence of typhoid fever.

Emmanuel umegbolu

The study, “The beginnings of the organization of the Kosovo Liberation Army in the Lap Operational Subzone December 1995 – June 1998,” as its object of study has the period of the Kosovo Liberation War in the years 1998-1999. This study touches upon the historical dimension of the efforts and sacrifices of Albanians found in the Serbian-Yugoslav area against their will.This study’s main topic is the beginnings of the organization in the Lap Operational Subzone (LOSz) as a significant part of the KLA. The study has undergone a scientific analysis based on sources of all kinds. The analysis included LOSz’s position in the KLA structure: the mission and duties during the liberation war, the governing bodies at the beginning of the LOSz organization and their functional organization, as well as the battles and downfalls of the freedom fighters. Historical literature, feuilletons, scientific papers, as well as interviews with famous personalities, were used to shed more light on the organization and the war in LOSz. This topic covers an essential segment of the Kosovo Liberation War period 1998-1999 And contributes towards the complete enlightenment of this historical period, especially in this region. Therefore, hopefully, this study will build interest and create perspectives for new studies of this nature.

Anglisticum

In an era where technology prevails, entrepreneurs as well as marketers see the need to keep up with the fast pace of change or risk being outdated. Gone are the days when a pure-bricks business model will thrive well in current market scenario. It is practically impossible to design a marketing strategy without considering social networks. Social media had become really important gradient in today’s marketing mix in general and in promotion mix in particular. Adapting some form of marketing online through social media is a key node for all businesses, especially in an industry where trends constantly change such as fashion and handicrafts. The paper carries out empirical research to understand the effectiveness of social media as a marketing tool and an effort has been made to analyze the extent social media helps consumers in buying decision making. In addition strategies have been suggested for maximizing the effectiveness. Various statistical tests have been applied to support the research hypothesis.

Abu bashar

The Cellular Manufacturing is adopted in batch type manufacturing industries nowadays for their production with increased productivity, less cost and time with effective control. The proposed optimization model is used to determine the cost of machine cells, i.e., machine duplication, part subcontract, inter intra cellular movements cost and cost of production associated with machine cell, such as machine reconfiguration and part inventory considering machine flexibility for various time periods. Initially, a mathematical model is proposed to calculate machine cell cost with and without considering machine flexibility, and then another lpp integer model is proposed to calculate the machine cell production and associated cost for the changes in the time period, part type, and volume considering machine flexibility. The manufacturing data in the incidence matrix and machine cell, and part family data in the block diagonal form are given as input to the optimization programming language Cplex and the output is given for the two mathematical models. The data relating to machine duplication, part subcontract, inter intracellular movement; machine reconfiguration, and part inventory are given. Two-dimensional shop floor layouts are presented in rectilinear coordinates for all the problems for easy analysis of material movement length and shop floor area

S ramesh

Treatment adherence is a critical component of epilepsy management. Antiepileptic drug side effects affect adherence and may result in the discontinuation of medication. This study aimed to investigate the association between antiepileptic drug side effects and medication adherence among Libyan patients with epilepsy while identifying predictors of adherence. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tripoli University Hospital involving 200 adult epilepsy patients. Adherence was assessed via a self-report tool dichotomized as adherent/ non-adherent if patients stopped medication due to side effects. Side effects were evaluated using the Side Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs questionnaire. Logistic regression analyzed predictors of adherence, including antiepileptic drug use, therapy regimen, and side-effect profiles, with p<0.05 declared association. The overall adherence rate was 87.0%. Higher adherence was observed in older age groups, 95.8% in patients aged 51-60, 89.4% in married patients, and 91.0% in university-educated patients. Patients on monotherapy and those seizure-free in the preceding month demonstrated better adherence (88.4% and 93.0%, respectively). Valproate users had notably low adherence (52.6%) while carbamazepine and phenytoin users showed higher adherence (89.7% and 91.7%, respectively). Cognitive complaints significantly reduced adherence (76.1% vs. 79.6%), as did aggressive behavior (58.3% adherence). Logistic regression identified two independent predictors: patients on old-generation antiepileptic drugs had 2.7 times higher adherence (AOR=2.702, 95% CI: 1.168-6.249; p=0.02) while cognitive side effects reduced adherence by 86.4% (AOR=0.136, 95% CI: 0.031-0.596; p=0.008). Cognitive side effects predict non-adherence, necessitating routine monitoring. Paradoxically, older antiepileptic drugs correlated with better adherence. Integrating patient-reported metrics and addressing cognitive impacts could optimize epilepsy care, highlighting gaps in side-effect management and advocating personalized strategies in clinical settings.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

In this review work, we have extracted the essential details from prior patents about the synthesis of popular drug Lamotrigine. This initiative will provide a platform for the global researchers to invent new or innovate over the existing synthetic routes to isolate Lamotrigine with good yield and purity. The details of patents were sourced from “Google patents” search tool and the process specific details were elaborated with reaction schemes. In this context, twenty-four reactions schemes were tabulated for the better understanding of the disclosed ventures. The entire chronological exfoliation of details on the synthesis of Lamotrigine provides a clear evolutional vision of its synthetic flourish towards drug commercialization.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

A 25-year-old male presented with vaguely painful and pruritic vesicles and bullae on the oral cavity, abdomen, and superior limbs with symmetrical dissemination, which appeared over the past 3 weeks. No clinical history of importance. The physical examination showed a pallid and prostrated patient, with arterial hypertension (190/110); with several symmetrical dermal vesicles and bullae located on the abdomen and superior limbs (Fig. 1) and on the oral cavity varying from 1.5mm to 4 cm. No lymphadenopathy and sigs of arthritis were identified. Laboratory tests revealed a complete blood cell count with hemoglobin levels of 10.5 g/dL (12.7–15.7 g/DL), leukocytes of 2956/mm3 (4.3–10.7 × 103), and platelet count of 120,000/mm3 (150–350 × 103). Urinalysis shown proteinuria, hematuria, and leukocyturia. The direct Coombs assay, anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-double-stranded DNA, and anti-histone were positive. Histopathological analysis reported subepidermal discontinuity associated with neutrophilic infiltrate and direct immunofluorescence was positive for IgG, staining the basement membrane. Elisa was positive for antibodies against type VII collagen. The diagnosis was bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE) and he was treated successful with rituximab due to poor response to steroid use.

Karishma

In addition to the ordinary pharmacists’ role in dispensing and ensuring safety and efficacy of drugs, pharmacy profession is also concerning with clinical services towards community through multidisciplinary approach. In this regard, the clinical pharmacy is an area of pharmacy that concerned with the science and practice of rational drug use in which clinical pharmacist provides patient care that optimizes medication therapy and promotes health, wellness and prevention of diseases. During the recent crises of COVID-19 pandemic, the health systems appeared to be weak worldwide. Health care professionals seem to have nothing to present to their COVID-19 infected patients as no effective medications are approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) yet. Moreover, physicians are worried about the secondary infection for COVID-19 patients, therefore, treatment protocols were designed and mostly applied for critical COVID-19 patients who have been hospitalized in Libya. WHO does not recommend antibiotic therapy or prophylaxis for patients with mild COVID-19 unless symptoms of a bacterial infection exist. This monograph will highlight the widespread use of antibiotics and anticoagulants for COVID-19 patients at Maetiga Hopital in Tripoli, Libya

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Urolithiasis has been a common problem for centuries and has a high recurrence. This review covers the forty-nine (49) antiurolithiatic plants of the family Lamiaceae used in 11 countries. Hopefully, this review will be helpful for the general public and attract the scientific world for antiurolithiatic drug discovery.

Dr. salman ahmed

Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas. is used traditionally to treat hypertension and chronic venous insufficiency. The high prevalence of hypertension and the side effects of antihypertensive drugs potentiate us to evaluate Melilotus officinalis. The hypotensive effect of Melilotus officinalis butanol fraction (MOBF) was investigated in anaesthetised normotensive rats. The doses of 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg, i.v., produced a significant (P <0.05) decrease in blood pressure. The statistically non substantial reduction in blood pressure was shown by 20 and 40 mg/kg, i.v. These results suggest that Melilotus officinalis exhibited a hypotensive effect in normotensive rats. However, further evaluation of compound-related activity is required.

Dr. salman ahmed