Background: Prescribing patterns in systemic hypertension vary from place to place. Studies have shown that cost could be one of the factors responsible for non-adherence to treatment among hypertensive patients. Nigerian pharmacoeconomics studies have not provided a general guide on cost-effective prescribing for hypertensive patients in the country. The aim of the study was to examine the prescribing patterns, do cost effectiveness and cost minimisation analyses of the commonly prescribed antihypertensives, and determine if cost is a major reason many of the hypertensive patients of the District Hospital are usually lost to follow up. Methods: 5267 adult (≥18 years) non-antenatal patients’ cards of 2016 were reviewed for hypertension. Examination of the prescriptions, cost-effectiveness and cost-minimisation analyses of the commonly prescribed antihypertensives were done. Results: 12.6% of the patients were hypertensive. 73% of these hypertensive patients were treated pharmacologically. 40.8% adhered to treatment. 73% of the adherent ones responded to treatment. Amlodipine was the most expensive prescribed antihypertensive (N22). Amiloride-hydrochlorothiazide with the largest cost effectiveness ratio (CER) (9) was the most cost effective of all the combinations. Lisinopril- hydrochlorothiazide (N17) was preferable to the triple combination of lisinopril-amlodipine-hydrochlorothiazide (N39), and amlodipine-hydrochlorothiazide (N32) in cost minimisation. Conclusions: Cost of drugs probably had played a significant role in non-adherence to treatment among hypertensive patients in the District Hospital in 2016, since moduretic with the largest CER (9) and nifedipine with the greatest BP reduction when combined with hydrochlorothiazide (56/22 mm Hg) were rarely prescribed.

Emmanuel umegbolu

When we tested various industrial wastewater samples collected from different industries they shown high amount of toxic chemical components, and the samples are unfit for irrigation or for any kind of activity. Irrigation of untreated wastewater for long time leads to soil pollution by accumulating toxic salts in the soil. The regular growth of plant get effected by this water like improper growth, low chlorophyll content, low carotenoids content, low yield, etc. Three different types of oil yielding plants (Mustard, Ground nut and Sunflower) and three different types of vegetable crops (Tomato, Chilly and Brinjal) has grown by using different industrial wastewater samples. The primitive parameters of vegetative growth (imbibition, seed germination and vigour index) and nutritional components (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) have been observed in all the samples after growing for a particular time period. The imbibition test of seed samples in industrial wastewater samples have not shown significant variation compared to imbibition in distilled water sample. All the seeds in all wastewater samples absorbed almost negligible difference but in the percentage of germination there is significant difference. The tests for nutritional compositions have also shown significant decrease in chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids in all varieties.

Veerabhadraswamy al

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are aerial systems controlled remotely or autonomously by astronauts. Massive advancements in electronics and information technology have prompted the popularity and growth of UAVs. As a result of the huge advances made in electronics and information technology, civilian tasks can now be accomplished with UAV in a more effective, efficient, and secure way. Known as a drone, UAVs are developed and operated using a variety of technologies such as machine learning, computer vision, artificial intelligence, and collision avoidance. Having become more affordable and accessible, drone technology has become more popular among civilians. Therefore, this technology is constantly evolving and can be used across a variety of fields. The application of drones makes a huge difference in the most demanding and complex industrial environments such as those in the mining industry, maritime, oil, gas, and seaports. The usage of drones is increasing among industrialists to improve and optimize processes, as well as to enhance operational efficiency in industrial process. This chapter discusses UAVs on a wide range of topics, including evolution and historical perspectives of UAV, taxonomy of UAV, significance of UAV to society and industry, and industrial and academic perspectives on UAV.

Dr h shaheen

Pneumonia is an acute pulmonary infection that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It infects the lungs, causing inflammation of the air sacs and pleural effusion: a condition in which the lung is filled with fluid. The diagnosis of pneumonia is tasking as it requires a review of Chest X-ray (CXR) by specialists, laboratory tests, vital signs, and clinical history. Utilizing CXR is an important pneumonia diagnostic method for the evaluation of the airways, pulmonary parenchyma, and vessels, chest walls among others. It can also be used to show changes in the lungs caused by pneumonia. This study aims to employ transfer learning, and ensemble approach to help in the detection of viral pneumonia in chest radiographs. The transfer learning model used was Inception network, ResNet-50, and InceptionResNetv2. With the help of our research, we were able to show how well the ensemble technique, which uses InceptionResNetv2 and the utilization of the Non-local Means Denoising algorithm, works. By utilizing these techniques, we have significantly increased the accuracy of pneumonia classification, opening the door for better diagnostic abilities and patient care. For objective labeling, we obtained a selection of patient chest X-ray images. In this work, the model was assessed using state-of-the-art metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. From the statistical analysis and scikit learn python analysis, the accuracy of the ResNet-50 model was 84%, the accuracy of the inception model was 91% and lastly, the accuracy of the InceptionResNetv2 model was 96%.

Dr. chandrashekhar uppin

Uric acid has increasingly been associated with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients who are hyperuricemic have a risk of developing diabetic complications. Pathogenesis of uric acid may decrease nitric oxide bioavailability in vascular smooth muscle, endothelial cells and direct scavenging of nitric oxide by uric acid. A decrease in endothelial nitric oxide production by uric acid has also been associated with endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance. This study aims is to determine the relationship between uric acid and glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study included 161 Libyan patients (67 males and 94 females) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both levels of serum uric acid and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were determined. The patients were divided into two groups. The controllable diabetic group with HbA1c of less than 06.0% and the uncontrollable diabetic group with HbA1c of more than 06.0%. Patients who are suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications were included whereas patients with smoking, alcoholism, nephrotic disease, malignancy, hepatitis, and renal failure or kidney disease were excluded. The mean and standard deviation of uric acid, HbA1c and Pearson correlation coefficient test were considered. In the controllable diabetic group, serum uric acid mean was found to be 4.807 ± 1.39 and HbA1c was found to be 5.032 ± 1.39. In the uncontrollable diabetic group, serum uric acid was 4.897 ± 1.66 and HbA1c was 8.396 ± 1.65. Uric acid level has significantly been correlated with HBA1C in controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients (p < 0.05). In addition, the uric acid level was found to be higher in uncontrolled diabetic group than that in the controlled group (p < 0.05). A possible relationship between serum uric acid and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was noted. Thus, uric acid can be used as a potential biomarker to indicate impaired glucose metabolism.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

India is a country of immense diversity. It is home to people of many different racial, languages, ethnic, religious, and national backgrounds. Groups of people in India differ from each other not only in physical or demographic characteristics but also in distinctive patterns of behavior and these patterns are determined by social and cultural factors like language, region, religion, and caste. Apart from behaviour, economic development, level of education and political culture of the people in various social segments differ from region to region. More you can say that economy and cultures have been enriched by the contributions of migrants from round the globe. In an increasingly globalised world, migratory movements is continuously shaping the countries all over the world. Some countries like India and Ireland, which set the example of economic development and social integration, have the positive impact of the migration by globalisation and some countries like USA, which recently witness racism, xenophobia and discrimination have the negative impact on the migrants. It does not mean India do not face fragmentation and USA do not have cohesion. USA have many stories which show successful integration process, that facilitated the lives of immigrant communities, but being a developed country it still suffers from cultural alienation. In these countries, borders are built within borders to create cultural divides that do not allow people to integrate. Recently, this problem has become more prominent due to the rise of terrorism, clash of cultures in the world, leading to the glorification of stereotypes. People are becoming less accepting towards anyone who does not belong to their region. Migration does not stop after people move from one place to another place. The main question start after that ‘now what’ they will do. That is why this topic needs to be discussed thoroughly in order to find better solutions. This paper will begin with an analysis of different approaches to Migration, discuss the target groups for integration policies, provide indicators of the current situation of migrants and proceed to an analysis of integration tools: legislation, social policies and participatory processes. It will focus not only on the impact of migration but also on social integration, mix culture like indo-western culture in a comparative basis.

Ekta meena

The share of renewable energy share in India's energy mix of India has been increasing recently owing to the promotion and implementation of various government policies that promote the use of renewable sources of energy, depleting fossil fuel levels, increasing fuel prices, and stringent laws for emission reduction worldwide. The increase in the use of solar-evacuated-tube-collector-based domestic water heating is the result of this transition from conventional to nonconventional sources of energy. The recent urban agglomeration is challenging to install these solar water heaters in every household because the roof space is limited. Space reduction can be achieved by reducing the collector area by varying the diameter of the evacuated tubes. This study used a single tube and tank arrangement model with a fixed inclination to achieve a thermosyphon effect in a solar water heating system with three different diameter configurations of 48 mm, 54 mm, and 72 mm, with a tube measuring 1800 mm in length. Thermal assessment of the thermosyphon-based evacuated tube-solar water heater using the ANSYS CFD simulation software involves measuring the temperature at three different positions in the tank to study the thermosyphon initialization. This study signifies that the 72-mm-diameter evacuated tube is more capable of initializing the thermosyphon effect in the system. Nevertheless, the final temperature of the system is better achieved in the 48-mm-diameter evacuated tube

Swapnil ratnakar mane

Pharmacists are expected to play major roles as members of diverse perioperative care teams besides implementing medication safety standards, pharmacist’s roles include optimizing drug therapy and other clinical interventions. Yet, developing general perioperative management as another crucial role operation room, pharmacists play and incorporating it into pharmaceutical education would be important. Enriching perioperative care provided by pharmacists can contribute toward improving the clinical competence of these professionals. Presently, there are no pharmacists in Zawia who participate in perioperative care. The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacist's knowledge of general anesthesia and drugs used to anesthetize patients who suffer from hypertension. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zawia City, Tripoli in 2023. A self-designed questionnaire was distributed to 100 pharmacists. The study found that more than half of the pharmacists have humble knowledge about the drugs used in anesthesia, the findings indicated weakness in their information about drugs used to manage hypertension in surgery, and 36.0% know that sodium nitroprusside is used to control blood pressure during the operation. In conclusion, this study reported that some of the study's pharmacist participants had weak points that contributed to a high percentage of incorrect knowledge. These weak points may be attributable to poor educational preparation or a lack of training before the pharmacists began working in hospitals.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Internet of Things (IoT) enhances the global connectivity to all the remote sensing devices. It enables the connectivity of communication and processing the real-time data that has been collected from an enormous number of connected sensing devices. There is an increase in the IoT technology that leads to various malicious attacks. It is more important to overcome the malicious attacks, mainly to stop attackers or intruders from taking all the control of devices. Ensuring the safety and accuracy of the sensing devices is a serious task. It is very much important to enabling the authenticity and integrity to obtain the safety of the devices. Dynamic tree chaining, Geometric star chaining and Onion encryption are the three solutions that has been proposed in this project for in order to enable authenticity and integrity with information hiding for secure communication. The simulation results are driven displays that the proposed system is very stable and much better than other existing solution in means of security, space and time.

Jebin bose s

Background: This study was conducted to determine the level of the public knowledge, attitudes and practices related to common eye diseases in the southern Indian population. Methods: A cross sectional population-based survey used a semi structured questionnaire on awareness, knowledge, attitude and practices related to eye diseases. Stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used with a sample size of 867 adults >16 years based on, estimated awareness of cataract 70%, assuming an expected rate of 85%, design effect of 1.5, margin of error 4% with 95% confidence interval with 25% from urban areas and 75% from rural areas. A pilot study was conducted to validate the questions used in the main study. SPSS (version 19) used for analysis. Results: A total of 782/867 (90.1%) subjects participated in the survey, with females 47.4%. Awareness of major eye diseases for cataract 81.5%, glaucoma 47.8%, refractive error 74.3%, squint 89.0%, diabetic retinopathy 65.0% and age-related macular degeneration 36.7% respectively. 41.8% subjects reported wearing glasses either for distance, near or for both. Of the 777 subjects only 294 people underwent an eye examination by an ophthalmologist in the last two years (37.8%). 57.5% subjects had knowledge of the nearest eye care facility within five kilometers of their residence. Electronic media were the major source of information on eye health. Conclusions: Though the awareness levels of common eye diseases were quite high, the knowledge of cataract (10.4%) was poor. There is a need to increase the level of awareness for eye diseases like glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.

Srinivasa reddy pallerla

The current study used the chick emesis model to explore the anti-emetic effect of the methanolic extract of Acalypha ornata Hochst—roots. Emesis was induced by the oral administration of copper sulfate to male chicks. Acalypha ornata root extract (150 mg/kg orally) showed an anti-emetic effect and was compared with the reference drug chlorpromazine

Dr. salman ahmed

Dengue is an acute infection disease caused by a flavi virus (species Dengue virus of the genus Flavi virus), transmitted by female mosquito aedes mosquito, infection has globally become a major public health concern since the incidence of the dengue fever has increased more than 30-fold over the last decades. The dengue fever has been a most important public health problems since many years and the various outbreak of the dengue cases has been seen time to time. One of the reasons for the increasing and time to time outbreak of the dengue may be the reason of climate change, global warming, lack of knowledge about signs, symptoms, transmission, preventive measure and lack of ignorance or lack of the preventive practice of the dengue fever. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional study on 192 head of household's was study population residing in Kanchan RM, Rupandehi Respondent was selected using Non probability judgmental sampling techniques by face-to-face interview was used. Result shows 58.3% good knowledge and 62% good practice. Knowledge was found to be associated with Age, Types of family, Size of family, educational level and Family suffered from dengue. Preventive practice was found to be associated with the Ever heard from health professional. Study will contribute towards development of appropriate policy strategies at local level that will tackle the problem associated with the knowledge and preventive practice of DF and provide a basis for future research on this area. Inferential analysis shows that there is significant association between the level of knowledge with age, types of family, size of family, educational level and family suffered from dengue and the level of preventive practice was associated with the ever heard from health professional.

Raju khanal

The study identified the level of competencies and the extent of professional development needs of kindergarten teachers in the Sultan Kudarat Division, during the school year 2019 - 2020. The study employed a descriptive method. The study involved 54 kindergarten teachers in the division in accomplishing the 12-item self-assessment instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that kindergarten teachers have a high level of competencies in content knowledge and pedagogy, learning environment and diversity of learners, curriculum and planning, and assessment and reporting. These indicate that they possess almost all of the competencies of efficient teachers. Results further revealed a very high extent of professional needs in content knowledge and pedagogy and the learning environment and diversity of learners, while they had a high extent of professional needs in the remaining domains. Since they reported very high priorities in content knowledge and pedagogy and the learning environment and diversity of learners, these areas would be the main considerations in the crafting of a professional development plan.

Manuel caingcoy

Presurgical Nasoalveolar molding have become an important procedure before proceeding with the surgical procedures for cleft lip and palate patient. PNAM reduces the size of the cleft which helps in better approximation and minimal scar formation.. To achieve this all proper tray selection is necessary and is a basic step in taking the impression of an infant. This article attempts to describe the various impression trays that can be used for the cleft patients routinely.

Apurva

"Chemical Pharmacognosy" explores natural drug discovery, traversing from traditional remedies to modern therapeutics. This interdisciplinary approach aids biodiversity exploration, supports conservation, and validates Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The significance extends to drug formulation, quality control, and combating drug resistance. Symbolizing a holistic journey, it bridges traditional wisdom with scientific innovation, playing a pivotal role in harnessing nature's chemical diversity for human health and guiding drug development.

Dr. salman ahmed

The purpose of this study is to look at development trends and patterns of structural change in India's rural and labour markets. The rural labour strength have been moving from agricultural sector to non-agricultural sector for a living, after a long period of change (due to pain and growth-induced motives). Although the manufacturing sector lags, the building industry is a significant growing sector that employs rural people. Some improvements in rural areas have been made since the implementation of the MGNREGA rural employment development programme, but it has its own set of problems that experts are discussing. Furthermore, the rural labour market is plagued by high unemployment as a result of both the agricultural and non-farm sectors' failure to absorb rural employees. Nonetheless, the continuing COVID-19 epidemic has worsened its situation by causing a job-loss catastrophe. The rural labour market's future will become more unclear as a consequence of Covid pandemic-induced opposite migration of city workers to their villages, which has worsened food security and poverty issues in rural regions.

Dr. amarjeet singh

The study, “The beginnings of the organization of the Kosovo Liberation Army in the Lap Operational Subzone December 1995 – June 1998,” as its object of study has the period of the Kosovo Liberation War in the years 1998-1999. This study touches upon the historical dimension of the efforts and sacrifices of Albanians found in the Serbian-Yugoslav area against their will.This study’s main topic is the beginnings of the organization in the Lap Operational Subzone (LOSz) as a significant part of the KLA. The study has undergone a scientific analysis based on sources of all kinds. The analysis included LOSz’s position in the KLA structure: the mission and duties during the liberation war, the governing bodies at the beginning of the LOSz organization and their functional organization, as well as the battles and downfalls of the freedom fighters. Historical literature, feuilletons, scientific papers, as well as interviews with famous personalities, were used to shed more light on the organization and the war in LOSz. This topic covers an essential segment of the Kosovo Liberation War period 1998-1999 And contributes towards the complete enlightenment of this historical period, especially in this region. Therefore, hopefully, this study will build interest and create perspectives for new studies of this nature.

Anglisticum

e purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of leadership style on employee job satisfaction in five-star hotels. A questionnaire consisted of 57 items based on five-point likert scale (from strongly disagree to strongly agree) was used to measure both leadership style and job satisfaction from employees’ perspectives. Using random sampling, the researcher distributed 350 questionnaires, 220 of which were completed. The obtained data from the questionnaires are investigated through the SPSS statistical packaged software. The empirical results indicated that two types of leadership styles, namely, democratic and laissezfaire were found to have direct positive significant relationships with employees’ job satisfaction. The findings showed that the dominant leadership style was democratic and employees were moderately satisfied with their job. This implies that democratic leadership is deemed suitable for managing hotels. The study’s results show that different leadership style will have different impacts on employee job satisfaction. An interesting finding is that democratic leadership has a stronger influence on job satisfaction than laissez-faire leadership does. As a result, by adopting the appropriate leadership styles, leaders can affect employee job satisfaction.

Mukhles m. al-ababneh

As the demand for renewable energy continues to rise, it becomes crucial to discover effective ways to enhance grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) battery energy storage systems. The Institute of Petroleum Studies (IPS) complex at the University of Port Harcourt in Rivers State, Nigeria, embarked on a quest to determine the optimal approach for optimizing their PV battery energy storage system. This research aimed to fulfill this need by employing a diverse research methodology, incorporating the innovative MOALO theory. To begin with, the research gathered primary and secondary data to construct models for the power grid, solarPV, and battery. Furthermore, it meticulously analyzed the load profile of the IPS complex, at the University of Port Harcourt. Leveraging the power of the MOALO theory.The researchers accurately sized the system and evaluated the potential outcomes of simultaneously interconnecting all loads. To gauge the system's performance, there was a calculation of various parameters such as economics, random walk, boundary conditioning, entrapping ants, and ant trap development. Remarkably, the outcome showed that the fitness responses between the two trial runs, facilitated by the integration of MOALO, were strikingly similar, revealing a typical concaveconnected shape, which is characteristic of a multi-objective solver. The optimal multi-objective cost implication of the system was estimated to be around 4,300 USD, with a power mismatch performance of approximately -1.7819e+09. Based on these compelling findings, the study concluded that MOALO serves as an impressive optimization tool capable of minimizing power mismatches and optimizing costs. Moreover, it recommended the generation of excess power as a means to achieve sustainability.

Fxintegrity publishing

This research was conducted to form students to be more disciplined in maintaining time, especially in prayer, as well as to strengthen aqidah and increase the worship of students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi'iyah. The focus of this research is: 1) How to plan the prayer chapter of fiqh learning through audio-visual media for students of Class IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Ajung, 2) How to implement the prayer chapter of fiqh learning through audio-visual methods for students of Class IV Madrasa Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi 'iyah Ajung, 3) How is the evaluation of fiqh learning in the prayer chapter for fourth grade students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Ajung. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive qualitative research. Determination of research subjects in this study was carried out purposively. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the data, the researcher used the data analysis model of the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana models including: Data Condensation (Condensation), Data Presentation (Display), Conclusions Drawing. The validity of the data in this study used source triangulation and technical triangulation. The results showed that: 1) The use of audiovisual media was very relevant in learning fiqh in the prayer chapter 2) Active, innovative, creative, effective and fun learning made students enthusiastic and enthusiastic in learning and not boring. 3) the completeness of learning facilities and infrastructure is very influential in the evaluation stage including summative evaluation and formative evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation and output evaluation. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membentuk peserta didik lebih disiplin dalam menjaga waktu khususnya dalam shalat, serta memantapkan aqidah dan meningkatkan ibadah peserta didik Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi’iyah. Fokus penelitianini adalah: 1) Bagaimana Perencanaan Pembelajaran fiqih bab sholat melalui media audio visual bagi peserta didik Kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Ajung, 2) Bagaimana Pelaksanaan pembelajaran fiqih bab sholat melalui metode audio visual bagi peserta didik Kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Ajung, 3) Bagaimana evaluasi pembelajaran fiqih bab sholat bagi peserta didik kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Ajung. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Penentuan subyek penelitian dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara purposive.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data, peneliti menggunakan model analisis data model Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana meliputi: Kondensasi Data (Condensation), Penyajian Data (Display), Penarikan Kesimpulan (Conclusions Drawing). Keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa: 1) Penggunaan media audiovisual sangat relevan dalam pembelajaran fiqih bab sholat 2) Pembelajaran aktif, inovatif, kreatif, efektif, dan menyenangkan membuat peserta didik semangat dan antusias dalam belajar serta tidak membosankan. 3) kelengkapan sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran sangat berpengaruh pada tahap evaluasi meliputi evaluasi Sumatif dan evaluasi Formatif evaluasi input, evaluasi proses dan evaluasi output.

Educare: journal of primary education