Experimental and numerical investigation have been done to evaluate the aluminum agglomerate size in AP/HTPB/Aluminum propellants and compared it with burning rate results. Bimodal AP particle size distribution is considered in the present work. The effect of aluminum size, aluminum content, fine AP size, fine AP/binder ratio and coarse AP size in aluminum ignition, accumulation and agglomerate formation during combustion, typically in their ranges, are focused. The burning rates were found to be higher for the propellants with lower fine AP/binder ratio. The agglomerate sizes for the propellants with 10 % Al was found to be higher than those with 15 and 18 % aluminum. Observing the agglomerate sizes and the burning rate trends, it can be concluded that the agglomerate sizes vary inversely as the burning rates.

Boopathy govindarajan

Background and Objective: Endophytic bacteria can protect host plants by producing secondary metabolites and also improve host plant growth by various mechanisms. This unique character makes a special role in, using endophytic bacteria in sustainable agriculture. The study aims to isolate endophytic bacteria from Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf and screened for their biocontrol and plant growth-promoting properties. Materials and Methods: Totally 13 endophytic bacteria isolated from neem leaf and it was tested for their in-vitro antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani. A total of 3 isolates (N1B, N4B and N5B) were selected on the broad antifungal activity (50%, 56%, 75% mycelial inhibition). Among different solvents used for the extraction of secondary metabolites from endophytic bacteria, only ethyl acetate extract of N5B showed maximum zone of inhibition in well diffusion method against fungal pathogen. Results: The GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extracts of N5B exhibited 14 compounds with antifungal activity, such as Dimethoxyglycerol docosyl ether, Pentadecanoic acid, Oleic acid etc. Selected 3 endophytic isolates were identified up to molecular level using 16S rRNA sequencing and it was identified as Bacillus haynesii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The identified isolates were used for nursery experiments based on their strong in-vitro antifungal and PGP activities such as P, K, and Zn solubilization, N fixation, IAA, HCN and EPS production. Conclusion: The tested bacterial isolates significantly decreased disease severity in rice, infected with R. solani and increased plant biomass when compared with un-inoculated control. Our findings suggested above mentioned 3 bacterial species may be promising candidates as a biocontrol agent to confer resistance to sheath blight disease of rice.

Dr. saranya devi k

Purpose: Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare genetic disorder mostly characterized by gonadotropins release and/or action deficiencies. Both isolated (idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) and syndromic (Kallmann) forms are identified depending on the olfactory ability. Clinical and genetic heterogeneities of CHH have been widely explored, thus improving our understanding of the disease's pathophysiology. This work aims to (1) provide a detailed clinical and hormonal description of normosmic CHH patients and (2) identify the mutation linked to the studied phenotype. Participants and methods: We investigated three affected patients with normosmic CHH, belonging to a consanguineous Tunisian family. Patients underwent an insulin-induced hypoglycemia test. We performed whole exome sequencing to identify the causal mutation. Results: At first diagnosis, a total gonadotropic deficiency was identified in all patients. The insulin-induced hypoglycemia test has also revealed a reduced cortisol secretion and complete growth hormone deficiency. At 20.8 years, one female exhibited a spontaneous recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, unlike her affected siblings who still depend on corticosteroid replacement therapy. Herein, we identified a novel homozygous nonstop mutation (c.1195T>C) in KISS1R gene in all affected subjects. This mutation led to the substitution of the physiologic stop codon by an arginine (p.X399R). Conclusions: Our study highlights the importance of the KISS1R signaling, in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, in the control of reproductive function. Additionally, our data suggests a complex central and peripheral metabolic control of puberty, through the hypothalamic KISS1R signaling. We suggest a mutual link between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, -adrenal, and -somatotropic axes.

Mariam moalla

Coronaviruses are closely related virus causing several types of respiratory tract infections ranging from common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). There are many other ways in which Covid-19 will impact the existing public health issues. With the rising number of covid19 cases, it has been reported that people with the weaker immune system are at higher risk. We identified the mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide and its impact on the lung. Pulmonary side effects associated with cyclophosphamide are rare and dose-related. They manifest as early-onset pneumonitis, in patients with symptoms especially like cough and dyspnea. Acrolein in cyclophosphamide is the main component linked with the toxic effect. We hypothesize that use of cyclophosphamide, an antineoplastic agent and immunosuppressive agent used in treating many cancers and autoimmune disorders (like rheumatoid arthritis and ANCA vasculitis), induces severe lung toxicity which can be one of the contributing factors for the increased risk of COVID 19 complication. These factors are to be recognized to improve prevention and control of the disease.

Ankul singh

A simple, rapid, sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for simultaneous measurement of albendazole and praziquantel with an internal standard, simvastatin, at single wavelength of 225 nm. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Enable C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm: Spinco Biotech Pvt Ltd) and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile:water (60:40, v/v) with 10% orthophosphoric acid to adjust the pH to 3.2, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The calibration curve was linear (r2 ≥ 0.999) over the concentration range 0.05–8.0 μg/ml. The concentrations of simvastatin was 1.0 μg/ml. The limit of quantification was 0.05 μg/ml for both albendazole and praziquantel. No interference was found by the excipients in the synthetic mixture. The proposed methods were validated as per International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness for estimation of albendazole and praziquantel in bulk and in a synthetic mixture, and the results were found to be satisfactory.

Prasanna pradhan

Formulation of the least cost rations that provides the nutrient requirements of birds is an important goal in poultry production . The aim of the present study was to create an application in the Excel program for formulation of low-cost poultry diets that provide adequate nutritional requirements using linear programming based on the Solver function of the Excel program and composition of common feed ingredients used in poultry diets (yellow corn, wheat, soybean meal , barley, wheat bran, protein concentrate, limestone, table salt, di-calcium phosphate, vitamins and minerals premix ,and vegetable oil), if their default prices are 500, 450, 750, 350, 250,1750, 250, 100, 500, 4500,and 1500) Iraqi Dinar / kg, respectively. The results showed that the Solver function in - Excel can be used to solve linear programming models such as those used for formulation of least cost poultry rations. This Microsoft Excel application is ready to use and can be used to assist researchers and students in formulating poultry rations that provide the desired nutritional requirements of poultry at the lowest cost.

Rafea mohammedtaher khulel

Tonsil stones, also known as tonsilloliths or tonsiliths, are usually tiny white or yellowish mineralized structures packed with organic debris and bacteria that develop in the enlarged palatine tonsillar crypt. Tiny tonsillitis is commonly detected in diagnostic imaging such as computed tomography (CT) and less so in panoramic radiography, with the prevalence increasing with age. Giant tonsilloliths are rare and most reported cases have been in adults, with only a few cases reported in the pediatric population. In this report, we described a 9-year-old girl who had suffered from halitosis for 6 months and odynophagia with oropharyngeal foreign body sensation for 2 weeks and was later diagnosed with a tonsil stone.

Karishma

The utilization of traditional medicine (TM) is prevalent among the general population in Africa; however, its use among individuals with diabetes in the region remains underdocumented. This review aimed to synthesize the available literature to identify the prevalence and predictors of TM use among persons with diabetes in Africa. A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and AMED, covering studies published from 2000 to April 2023. Of 1560 records identified, 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of TM use varied significantly, ranging from 12.4% to 77.1%, with a median prevalence of 50%. TM was commonly used concurrently with conventional medicine (CM) (35.4–88.4%), with a majority (63.8–91.3%) not disclosing TM use to healthcare providers. Female gender, long diabetes duration, use of oral antiglycaemic medication and family history of diabetes emerged as the most common factors that predicted the use of TM. This review highlights the widespread use of TM among individuals with diabetes in Africa, often in conjunction with CM. The high prevalence of undisclosed TM use emphasizes the urgent need for healthcare providers to actively inquire about TM use during clinical consultations to address potential herb–drug interactions and adverse effects.

Emmanuel ekpor

ABSTRACT The 2006 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio World Conference treaty concluded that all countries should migrate from analogue to digital terrestrial television by June 2015, starting with region one countries, comprising Africa, Europe, the Middle East and the Republic of Iran (Agona & Otim, 2012). The purpose of this research was to explore the technology adoption model (TAM) to address challenges associated with digital terrestrial television migration, and analyse the readiness of South Africa to migrate. A quantitative research was conducted in order to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Digital television offers many benefits for broadcasters, network operators, spectrum regulators, and consumers. In most countries, the transition was slower than expected, even though most European countries managed to migrate. The digital migration is not an easy transition and analogue switch-off can also be much more difficult. Studies have shown that analogue switch off (ASO) needs to be carefully planned and well budgeted for, and it also needs a good publicity campaign which must involve all relevant stakeholders, such as broadcasters, viewers, manufacturers, network operators, manufacturers and retailers. Even though studies conducted previously identified obstacles of digital migration to include; a) lack of awareness b) lack of information, c) influence of politics and d) influence of corruption.

Luyolo mahlangabeza

Learning styles describe how individuals acquire, interpret, and assimilate knowledge differently. The effective use of learning styles is essential for effective classroom education. The three most popular learning styles are kinaesthetic, auditory, and visual. This study pursued to learn more about the preferred learning modes of college students. There were 152 respondents from Baneshwor Multiple Campus, Kathmandu Nepal. The data were collected from first year students of BBS, B.Ed. and BA. The researchers used a scale of learning styles (VAK) with 28 items to accomplish the study's goal, and after confirming its validity and reliability, it was applied to the sample. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences in the types of learning patterns preferred by students. Based on these findings, the study recommends that teachers are encouraged to diversify college teaching strategies and methods to suit the preferred learning styles of their students, particularly new students, in order to motivate them to learn in the college environment and to provide the training needs and requirements necessary to enable them to take individual differences among their students into account when identifying educational goals.

Dr dasarath neupane

The screening of perfect diuretics for non-clinical utility in Diabetes mellitus is a relatively novel approach which gain inssight into underlying the pathophysiological processes. This study is aims to evaluate the diuretic effect of a crude aqueous & alcoholic extract of M.charantia Linn. using Albino Wistar Rat model. In this study, the comparative observation of Diuretic activity with standard and extracted compound were shown that the estimated 24‐hour urine contains the Na+ - 3.82 g, 3.82 g, 3.92 g and K+ - 1.35 g, 1.39 g, 1.48 g wt. for Vehicle control, Standard drug, and Extracted compound respectively. Which possess the favoring result means from the spot urine were 10.7±7.0 g/24 h and 3.9±2.1 g/24 h, respectively. Coefficients were 0.035, 0.022, 0.046 at (d±2SD = 7.07 g, 4.42 g and 8.92 g) for sodium chloride and 0.068, 0.031, 0.046 at (d±2SD =4.92 g, 2.31 g, and 3.34 g) for potassium chloride. The Na+ and K+ results can be deduced by conversion (1 g NaCl=0.4 g Na+, 1 g KCl≈0.5 g K+). The present study guide formulation of non clinical trials with statistical study to further measuring the claimed efficacy of M. charantia as a natural remedy for diabetes mellitus.

Wahul umesh

A focus group is an investigative tool for social research based on a structured and focused discussion with a small group of people, run by a facilitator (moderator) to generate qualitative data through a set of open-ended questions. The focus group technique is a qualitative research methodology popularly used in social research in a wide range of sectors. A researcher uses a set of open-ended questions on a specific topic to generate qualitative data. The focus group is an efficient way of gathering data about particular opinions or attitudes by covering a large number of people in the same group. This entry explores the methodology and processes of focus groups as well as the analysis of data from focus group research.

Mukhles m. al-ababneh

Hydatid disease or hydatidosis is a worldwide zoonosis disease caused by the tapeworm of Echinococcus granulosus and still widely endemic in Tunisia especially in rural areas where the sheep-dog cycle is dominant. It is an important public health problem in the pediatric age group causing significant morbidity and mortality. We report a case of primary hydatid cyst of the small intestine in a child and we want to highlight the difficulty that we meet in the diagnosis despite the contribution of imaging.

Sameh

Diabetes mellitus is the most common health disorder and one of the leading causes of death. It is such a sort of disorder in which the patients are at all the time on risk of complications. Numerous investigations discovered that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of vascular complications in diabetes particularly type 2. There are several chemically induced animal models of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The most common chemicals used to generate type 1 diabetes mellitus animals are alloxan and streptozotocin. Alloxan is added to food materials, especially to the all-purpose flour (maida) to bring softness and white color to the flour. Hence, consuming foodstuffs made from this flour can lead to diabetes mellitus. Measuring the concentration of alloxan in the blood of children with type 1 diabetes. 45 volunteers (children 5-15years) in this study. 15 healthy and 30 patients with diabetes mellitus (females: 53.0%, and males: 47.0%). Venous blood was taken from the elbow vein and transferred as soon as possible into deproteinization solution without any contact with oxygen. Average blood levels of alloxan are determined by the Archibald spectrophotometric method. The mean level of alloxan between healthy and diabetic groups statistically is insignificant (Median=0.458) and diabetic group (Median=0.806). Low-carbohydrate diet low adherence diabetics (46.6%, median=1.91), low- carbohydrate diet moderate adherence diabetics (26.6%, median=0.89), low-carbohydrate diet high adherence diabetics (26.6%, median=0.1). The findings indicate that the alloxan level is higher in healthy people compared to diabetic volunteers whose follow a low-carbohydrate diet, in addition to the reducing of their pastry intake.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormone or its effects on peripheral tissues. Previous hospital based study have revealed high prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women. Also, studies with small sample size indicated a rising trend of prevalence of hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Moreover, pregnancy is seen as a risk factor in the occurrence of thyroid dysfunctions. Thus, the aim of was to assess and analyze prevalence of hypothyroidism among Libyan pregnant women in Benghazi city in to study its relation and risk in pregnancy. The study was conducted on a sample size of 177 Libyan pregnant women in Benghazi city in Libya during 2018. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in clinics located in Benghazi city. Responses to the question was coded and analyzed. The prevalence of hypothyroidism among the pregnant women was found to be 10.2% (n = 18) and no significant relation between age and hypothyroidism among women. Only nine percent of the pregnant women had medical conditions (as diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure). 28% of the hypothyroidism pregnant women are of the first gestation and 72% are of the second or more. 83% of the hypothyroidism pregnant women had no thyroidectomy. Thus, this study concludes that there is a high prevalence of hypothyroidism during pregnancy period in Benghazi and a national screening is necessary for hypothyroidism in Libya.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This study investigated the connection between translanguaging and reading comprehension of Filipino ESL intermediate learners. The respondents were intermediate pupils enrolled in the selected central schools in Bicol, Philippines. The respondents' ages range from 8 to 12 years old, and 124 students (27.55%) were males while 326 students (72.44%) were females. The descriptive-correlational method was used in the study. The descriptive method was used to describe the reading performance of the ESL intermediate learners and their translanguaging factors, while Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to determine the relationship between the two variables. The primary instruments used were validated teacher-made reading comprehension test and translanguage factors survey questionnaire. Data disclosed that the general reading comprehension of the ESL intermediate learners along with vocabulary, drawing inferences, and getting the main idea, are very satisfactory. Meanwhile, the different translanguaging factors, along with personal, teacher, and social, were surveyed and identified in the study. The statistical test revealed that the reading comprehension of the respondents was significantly correlated with the identified translanguaging factors. Thus, it is recommended that teachers should promote group discussions and allow open interactions in the classroom. Teachers should allow the use of both the home language and English; employ translanguaging pedagogy in teaching reading; foster an understanding and acceptance of linguistic differences; promote multilingualism, and allow indigenous languages to be used in education to facilitate meaningful learning.

Darrel ocampo

The present study aimed to explore the possible morphological features and growth patterns of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. The study was carried out on a glass slide under the microscope. The results showed that the calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals may be arborescent, donut, dumbbell, needles, platy, prismatic, rosette, round edges, loose agglomerates and compact aggregates. The study provides detailed information about calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals' morphology and aggregation patterns.

Dr. salman ahmed

Vending on the street is a worldwide fact and the most able to be seen component of the casual economy. Street vending, like other informal sectors, is characterised by low pay, ease of entrance, self-employment, and a huge number of individuals. Millions of individuals make a livelihood selling a variety of products and services on the street in cities and towns all over the globe. Despite the popular assumption that street selling would decline as the economy improves and wealth rises, it is on the rise in many areas. Because of their poor level of education and abilities, street sellers are often individuals who are not capable to get usual employment in the remunerative recognized sector. They attempt to address their financial issues by relying on their own limited financial resources. They are primary sharing route for a wide range of the daily-use goods, such as fruits, vegetables, ready-to-wear clothes, home appliances, stationery, toys, newspapers, magazines and shoes among others. If they be removed from the urban marketplaces, it would create serious problem for vegetable and fruit growers and small-scale businesses that couldn't afford to sell their goods via the formal sector's costly distribution networks. The significance of this industry can not be overstated, particularly given the government's inability to offer employment to India's millions of jobless and underemployed citizens. Even the corporate sector can only absorb a small part of our growing workforce. Overall, employment in the official sector is decreasing, leaving the majority of Indians to fend for themselves. If governments wish to decrease unemployment and poverty in our nation, they should support people in the informal sector to develop and thrive. They play an important part in the economic development and growth of local economy. Municipal authorities see street sellers as nuisances and the encroachers on sidewalks pavements and they are unappreciative of the important services that the street vendors offer to the world's common public. Vendors on the street offer essential services to urban people while surviving on their own business, limited resources, and labour. The state government and municipal authorities have been asked to provide security for street sellers so that they may make a living without fear.

Dr. amarjeet singh

Introduction: Schizotypal personality represents genetic underpinning of schizophrenia spectrum disorders; hence, it provides conceptual models for understanding psychosis as well as a scheme for high-risk group identification. The study of structure of schizotypal personality is largely confined to western societies, whereas its assessment in varied socio-cultural groups is highly required. Aim: To study the factor structure of schizotypal personality in an Indian population. Materials and Methods: A sample of 492 college students (age, Mean= 21.3, SD= 2.61) filled the Hindi translated version of 74- items Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) technique was used to test the fitness (consonance of the modeled relationships, among latent and observed variables, in the sampled population) of different schizotypal personality models, that is, two-, three-, four-, bi-, and uni-factor models. The best-fit model was also studied for Measurement Invariance (MI) across gender groups. Results: Three, four, and bi-factor models adequately fitted the data. Whereas, four-factor model was the best good-fit model. It also showed partially strong MI across gender groups. The internal consistency of total SPQ was 0.90 and of subscales ranged from 0.62 to 0.78. Men scored higher on several schizotypal facets but lower on social anxiety as compared to women. Conclusion: The factor structure of schizotypal personality in India is similar to that reported elsewhere in the world. Thus, the present study supports the generalisation of schizotypal personality construct to the Indian people.

Sanjay kumar

Background: Preanalytical variability due to anticoagulant choice remains inadequately characterized in resource-limited tropical settings like Yemen, where environmental stressors exacerbate challenges. This study aimed to compare the stability and cost-effectiveness of K₂EDTA and K₃EDTA anticoagulants for complete blood count testing under simulated Yemeni conditions. Methods: Prospective study of 100 healthy adult male volunteers in Ad’Dla Governorate, Yemen (January–March 2025). Paired samples in K₂EDTA/K₃EDTA tubes were analyzed at baseline (T0) and after 6-hour storage at 22 ± 2°C (T6). Statistical analysis included Bonferroni-corrected repeated-measures ANOVA and paired t-tests. Results: Fresh samples showed high inter-anticoagulant concordance (ICC > 0.90). After 6-hour storage, K₂EDTA exhibited significant Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) reduction (Δ = −2.33 fL, p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed> 2 hours), while K₃EDTA is preferable for immediate analysis. These findings provide preliminary guidance for hematology testing in Yemeni laboratories and similar tropical settings, pending validation in diverse populations and extreme conditions.

Karishma