Drug discovery started when a man suffered from abdominal pain and accidentally healed by chewing the leaves of the plant. The story of Ethnopharmacology begins with the doctrine of signatures, the shape signatures of herbs to heal resembled parts of the body. Later, shape signatures were modified into colour and taste signatures for healing. The information exchange and understanding about people's use of natural resources to discover therapeutic and toxicological potential is now shaped into a branch of science, "Ethnopharmacology". Simply Ethnopharmacology, by using modern science, enables traditional knowledge to convert into medicine and acts as a powerful and creative drug discovery engine.

Dr. salman ahmed

A Man-Machine System means an activity occurring/occurred with the involvement of a human being with the help of some tools used to interact with the material. In small foundries, the moulding process is manual & labours have to work in different psychological moods, stress, and strain, without training on ergonomic posture, in different environmental factors such as temperature, vibrations, noise dust which affects productivity and also the amount of human energy input to produce the component. This paper makes an attempt to develop a mathematical model to relate productivity with various parameters and identify the most sensitive parameter to control productivity.

Rahul bachute

The threshing quality of the machine was affected by moisture content. This parameter was one of the main causes of production losses. In Ethiopia, this problem was highly observed in the farm area during threshing. Therefore, the main aim of this research was, to minimize production losses during threshing by reducing the effect of moisture content on the crop, to improve threshing capacity, threshing and cleaning efficiency, to reduces fuel consumption, and to minimize grain damage by the machine during threshing. The experiment was done at four-time replication in the moisture level of 14%, 18%, and 22% for three selected cereal crops (barley, wheat, and tef) with a completely randomized design (RCBD) and 4 replicates as-block giving 12 total experimental units. Crop moisture content, size of the grain, sphericity, angle of repose, density, thousand-grain mass and coefficient of friction as well as threshing capacity, threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, germination rate, fuel consumption, and grain breakages were the parameters used to evaluate the performance of the thresher. Threshing capacity, threshing and cleaning efficiency, and density of grains showed decreased, as moisture content of crops increased. The other parameters mentioned above were increased with moisture content. A combined mean analysis of variances on the performance of thresher was significant at (p 0.05). The recommended amount of moisture content in this study was 14% because the result obtained by 14% moisture level was preferable to other moisture levels. At 14% of moisture content, the threshing capacity was (208.750, 285.45 and 68.181) kg/hr, threshing, and cleaning efficiency (%) were (98.603, 99.330 and 99.49 and 97.101, 98.22 and 93.731 respectively). Percentage of germination rate was (94.25, 94.50, and 91.25) and the amount of fuel consumption was also (1.14, 1.72, 1.70) l/hr., for barley, wheat, and tef crops respectively.

Dessye

Three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus fasiculatum, Glomus mossae and Acaulispora laevis) were used as bio-agents to manage black bundle disease of maize caused by C.acremonium. The results revealed that colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in root system of the host reduce the percentage of disease incidenceconsiderably.In the pots inoculated with G. fasiculatum no disease incidence (0.0%) was recorded whereas, in the pots inoculated with A. leavis and G. mossae 16.66 % of disease incidence was recorded and the pots treated with pathogen shows 66.66% of disease incidence compare to control. Among the three bio-agents, Glomus fasiculatumproved to be more effective in managing the disease followed by G.mossae and A. laevis. In addition, all the three AM fungi enhanced the plant growth when they are used alone as inoculum as compared to dual inoculation with the C. acremonium and overall control. This clearly suggests that, AM fungi if used, can serve dual purpose. It can be used as bio-control agent as it shows negative antagonistic interaction soil borne plant pathogens and used as growth promoter because of the ability to supply macro and micro nutrients to the host plants.

Veerabhadraswamy al

Beetroot is vegetable containing phytochemical ingredients with potent antioxidant, hypoglycaemic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is key drivers in the pathophysiology of some metabolic syndromes. Its effect on the progress of induced metabolic syndrome has, however, hardly been investigated. Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of beetroot extract on various biophysical components of metabolic syndrome in rat. Following ethical approval, 50 Wister albino rats were used in this study and divided into three groups: Group A: rats were put on a high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF) diet; Group B: rats were put on an HFHF + fresh beetroot extract while group C: rats were the control group and were given a normal diet. The animals’ body weights and fasting blood sugar were taken fortnightly. Five rats from each group were then sacrificed at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 16 and the following parameters were measured: liver volume, fasting lipid profile, hepatic transaminases and blood platelet level. Compared to the HFHF group, beetroot supplementation resulted in a significant attenuation of overall weight gain (56.91% vs. 34.51%; p < 0> 0.05). Beetroot supplementation further ameliorated the thrombocytopenia caused by an HFHF. Beetroot juice supplementation attenuated the attendant effects of induced metabolic syndrome which might contribute towards averting the consequential cardiovascular sequel. Thus, lifestyle modification comprising beetroot intake as a dietary supplementation may alleviate metabolic syndrome and may offer a potential non-medical adjunct in the routine management of metabolic syndrome.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This study sets out to explore the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) necessary for Total Quality Management (TQM) implementation in hotels. It also aims to classify participating hotels into groups based on their TQM adoption by using cluster analysis. A quantitative survey method was applied. Data were collected from a sample of managers from four- and five-star hotels in Jordan, 170 questionnaires were distributed to managers and 104 usable questionnaires were returned. The findings revealed that TQM is existed and implemented in the hotel industry. The researcher then confirmed that four- and five-star hotels can be classified into two groups, namely, “high TQM adopters” and “low TQM adopters”.

Mukhles m. al-ababneh

Drug-drug interaction is an important issue for the development of safe pharmaceutical drugs. Propranolol is a non-selective, competitive antagonist at beta-adrenergic receptors. Propranolol is used to control hypertension, pheochromocytoma, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Also, it is used to control symptoms of sympathetic overactivity in management of hyperthyroidism, anxiety disorders and tremor. Phenytoin is a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, it is a major anti-convulsant drug that is very effective in controlling a wide variety of seizure disorders. In this study, elevated plus maze test was applied using five groups of male Albino mice, where each group consists of six mice. The first group is control and given 01.0% tween 80 with a dose of 5.0 ml/kg, the second group received propranolol 10 mg/kg, the third group received phenytoin 20 mg/kg, the fourth group received a combination of propranolol and phenytoin and the fifth group received diazepam (1.0 mg/kg) as a standard. It was found that propranolol alone produces anti-anxiety effect which is abolished when administered with phenytoin. Thus, the combined treatment of propranolol and phenytoin showed no significant difference compared to phenytoin alone or propranolol alone. It can be concluded that propranolol has anti-anxiety like effect an phenytoin antagonizes the propranolol anxiolytic effect when administered together. Propranolol, phenytoin and the combination of both decrease the spontaneous motor activity of mice. Propranolol and phenytoin partially antagonize each other on the spontaneous motor activity.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Service quality in the hospitality industry becomes one of the most important factors for gaining a sustainable competitive advantage and customers’ confidence in the highly competitive marketplace, and therefore service quality can give the hospitality industry a great chance to create competitive differentiation for organisations. It is thus considered as a significant core concept and a critical success factor in the hospitality industry. A successful hotel delivers excellent quality service to customers, and service quality is considered the life of hotel. Many benefits can be achieved by service quality such as establishing customer satisfaction, contributing to business image, establishing customer loyalty, and providing a competitive advantage to a business. Service quality performance can mean different to different people, for example, employees may show higher perceptions of service quality than customers perceived, and thus managers and their employees never like to identify deficiencies in service quality

Mukhles m. al-ababneh

Children's vaccinations play a significant role in public health efforts, particularly in reducing morbidity and mortality rates among children worldwide. However, challenges such as the accessibility of healthcare facilities, misinformation, and perceptions continue to affect the achievement of immunization goals in Tanzania and other developing countries. Based on the need to protect the community from diseases that can be prevented by vaccination, this study aimed to assess vaccination coverage and timeliness among children aged 12-23 months who attended postnatal immunization clinics in the Kongwa district located in the Dodoma region, Tanzania. A quantitative cross-sectional study was employed, involving 200 children who visited vaccination clinics along with their caregivers. Data were obtained through a questionnaire prepared and vaccination cards. This current study revealed that 96.0% were fully vaccinated, with 4.0% partially vaccinated, while no children were found to be totally unvaccinated. Timeliness varied across vaccines assed vaccines: 75.0% of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccinated on time, four doses of Oral Polio Vaccine ranged from 74.0-87.0% of on time vaccination. Three doses of the Pentavalent Vaccine and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine had on-time vaccination rates ranging from 79.5% to 86.0%. Two doses of the Rotavirus Vaccine reached on-time rates of 84.5% to 86.0%. 60.5% of people received the Measles and Rubella vaccine, with 35.5% experiencing delays and 4.0% remaining unvaccinated. This study revealed that, despite the national efforts to improve vaccination rates for children, issues such as delays and incomplete immunizations persist. Strategies like community engagement, continuous training for healthcare professionals, and improving healthcare accessibility in remote areas should be reinforced to improve vaccination uptake in Tanzania.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Although, antibiotics play a fundamental role in control of infectious diseases still the injudicious prescription of antibacterial agents and antibiotic resistance are a global problem. This study aims to assess prescribing pattern of antibiotics and to provide a baseline data about behaviors of physicians prescribing antibiotics during pediatric consultations. In this study, a total of 316 pediatric patients of both genders were receiving different antimicrobial therapy were evaluated during 2021 in pediatric health care services in Bayda, Libya. Data revealed that the average of drugs prescribed was 4.10 per patient while the average of antimicrobials was 2.30 per prescription. Most of the antibiotics were prescribed for the respiratory tract infections (34.0%) and followed by the urinary tract infections (29.0%). Cephalosporins and penicillins were the most common antibiotics prescribed in this study. In conclusion, these findings show the presence of polypharmacy and inappropriate prescribing pattern. To improve and minimize the unnecessary prescribing of antimicrobial agents, a continuous training program for physicians, as well as engaged pharmacists in health care services are needed.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The presented study initially attempted to discover bergenin as an antiemetic compound isolated from Peltophorum roxburghii L. leaves. It is the extension of antiemetic activity from the methanol extract of Peltophorum roxburghii L. leaves. The antiemetic activity was assessed using copper sulfate-induced emesis in the chick’s model. Bergenin (25 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited significant antiemetic activity compared to the standard drug, chlorpromazine. This is the first time that bergenin has declared antiemetic activity. Bergenin has already been evaluated positively for its anti-inflammatory activity, and this paper will report its antiemetic activity. Both the activities of the same compound may be beneficial for drug design against the disease, as they have anti-inflammatory and antiemetic symptoms like migraines. The preliminary antiemetic evaluation of bergenin was conducted on a single dose due to the low yield of Bergenin. However, the result was significant in terms of the standard used. Further, the isolation and purification of Bergenin are in the process of establishing detailed data on different doses of Bergenin.

Dr. salman ahmed

Study DesignA multicenter retrospective study. ObjectivesTo determine the rate of Apex facet fusion in children with Early Onset Scoliosis treated surgically with the Active Apex Correction (APC) technique. MethodsSeventeen patients were treated with the APC technique as index surgery for Early Onset Scoliosis with more than 1 year of follow-up. A 3D CT scan was done to determine the facet fusion rate in the deformity’s apex controlled with posterior tethering. ResultsThe average follow-up time was 26.4 months (12-56), Average age at index surgery was 81.2 months (30-132), and average number of surgeries done 1.3. Apical vertebrae studied for facet fusion were the 3 vertebrae in the apex in each patient that were subjected to posterior tethering according to the APC technique. In total they were 86 apical vertebrae (172 Facets studied with 86 convex side, 86 concave side). Our observations showed that 29 facet joints were fused (16% of the total facets studied),15 were on the convex, 14 on the concave side (no statistically significant difference). Regarding the facet joint distance in the non-fused facets was 0.99 mm on the convex side and 1.08 mm on the concave side with no statistical significance difference. ConclusionAPC for Early Onset Scoliosis achieves apical growth modulation and control utilizing posterior tethering without inducing fusion. This study demonstrated that APC is an effective non-fusion technique through the low incidence of facet fusion levels at the Apex, limiting the crankshaft phenomena seen in cases with apex control through arthrodesis.

Mohamad banat

A study of knowledge seeking behaviour of users is essential for evolving suitable guidelines for knowledge organisation and processing. The features of knowledge organisation and its use in problem-solving and decision-making are explained. Classification plays an important role in knowledge organisation. An understanding of mental models and mental maps helps in information needs of users effectively. The schemes classification in knowledge processing is highlighted. The paper examines the scope of knowledge organisation in the modern technology and its application.

Subhash reddy b

Background: To assess the awareness, knowledge about refractive errors and strabismus among the general public in southern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Methods: A cross sectional population-based survey used a semi structured questionnaire on awareness, knowledge on refractive errors and strabismus done as part of knowledge, attitude and practices study (KAP). Stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used with a sample size of 867 adults- ≥16 years. Having heard of refractive error and strabismus was defined as awareness and having knowledge of the type of error for which spectacles were worn, was considered as knowledge. A pilot study was conducted to validate the questions used in the main study. Statistical package SPSS (version 19) was used for analysis to calculate logistic regression and odds ratios for gender, age, education and urban-rural areas. Results: A total of 782/867 (90.1%) subjects participated in the survey with females 47.4%. 581 subjects (74.3%) were aware of refractive error. 690 subjects (88.2%) were aware of squint. With multiple logistic regression about awareness of refractive error to various variables, subjects who were educated 11th class to degree had a higher awareness (OR: 2.40; CI: 1.25-4.60). With multiple logistic regression about awareness of squint to various variables, females had a higher awareness of squint (OR: 1.98; CI: 1.19-3.31). Conclusions: Awareness of squint and refractive error was high among the general public, but the knowledge of it was limited.

Srinivasa reddy pallerla

In the last decade, we have observed the usage of artificial intelligence algorithms and machine learning models in industry, education, healthcare, entertainment, and several other areas. In this paper, we focus on using machine learning algorithms in the loan approval process of financial institutions. First, we briefly review some prior research papers that dealt with loan approval predictions using machine learning models. Next, we analyze the loan approval prediction dataset we downloaded from Kaggle, which was used in this paper to compare several machine learning classification models. During this analysis, we observed that credit scores and loan terms are the attributes that probably most affect the result. Next, we divided the dataset into a training set (80%) and a test set (20%). We trained 27 various machine learning models in MATLAB. Three models were optimized with Bayesian optimization to find the best hyperparameters with minimum error. We used 5-fold cross-validation for the validations to prevent overfitting during the training. In the following step, we used the test set on trained models to measure the models’ accuracy on unseen data. The result showed that the best accuracy both on validation and test data, more than 98%, was reached with neural networks and ensemble classification models.

Ladislav végh

La problématique de l’accès à l’eau potable soulève de nombreux enjeux de développement au regard des impacts qu’elle génère en milieu rural. C’est pourquoi plusieurs organisations internationales œuvrent aux côtés de l’Etat ivoirien afin de garantir un accès durable et sécurisé à cette ressource pour les populations. Cependant, il existe encore des zones en Côte d’Ivoire où les populations continuent de vivre au quotidien des pénuries d’eau potable. C’est le cas de la Sous-Préfecture de Gboguhé où cette problématique entrave considérablement le développement socioéconomique des villages. Partant de ce contexte, cette contribution tente d’analyser les impacts de la pénurie d’eau potable dans cette zone en s’inscrivant dans une perspective socioanthropologique. Pour ce faire, elle se base sur une approche essentiellement qualitative, mobilisant les techniques de revue de littérature, d’entretiens semi-directifs et d’observations directes pour la production de données. L’étude révèle que la pénurie d’eau potable dans la sous-préfecture de Gboguhé est un facteur de vulnérabilité chez les populations locales au regard des impacts sociaux, économiques, sanitaires et territoriaux qu’elle entraîne.

Dr. kabran aristide djane

La lecture de toute production romanesque signée d’une Africaine, laisse souvent transparaître a priori l’idée qu’elle évoque la victimisation de la femme par la gent masculine. Mais, à certain niveau, l’univers de sa fiction n’affiche pas de façon catégorique ou formelle cette question. Tel est le cas de Fatou Diome avec son roman en cours de décryptage. Le but de cet article est de montrer que l’auteure construit son texte autour de plusieurs facettes pour assurer la transmission des valeurs identitaires et que le choix de certains genres oraux et l’évocation de la problématique de genre (homme-femme) offrent des concepts qui servent à exprimer des faits propres à l’identité culturelle africaine. À partir d’une analyse thématique et sociocritique, nous comprenons qu’elle adosse insidieusement à ce thème la problématique de l’identité. Ce, à partir de plusieurs artifices littéraires qui sont entre autres le potentiel oral traditionnel du terroir et le discours revalorisant la femme, par ricochet l’identité africaine.

Assanvo

Alternative Learning System (ALS) has been adopted in Philippine basic education, yet there is no academic institution in the region prepares ALS teachers in teaching life skills. ALS teachers graduated from different programs of teacher education for formal education. In response, an extension project was conceptualized and implemented to enhance the teaching capacity and effectiveness of ALS teachers. Case study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the project. It explored the transfer of life skills among ALS teachers. Data were collected from multiple sources. Interview and written responses, and feedback were analyzed using thematic narrative analysis. Other data were analyzed using document and descriptive analyses. The project had achieved its objectives and rated best by participants. These indicate that the project was implemented effectively and successfully. ALS teachers have acquired life skills and transferred them to others. Thus, the project has made a difference in the lives of these teachers.

Manuel caingcoy

Introduction: Study was conducted with an objective of investigating the inhibitory effect of Phaseolus lunatus seeds extract on three enzymes (α-amylase, maltase and glucoamylase) involved in diabetes. The disadvantages related to the use of synthetic drugs make it necessary to search for alternative medicines from medicinal plants. One therapeutic approach for treating postprandial hyperglycaemia is to decrease the plasma glucose level, which can be attained by lowering the starch hydrolysis by digestive enzymes such as α-amylase, maltase and glucoamylase. The use of synthetic antidiabetic agents caused gastrointestinal side effects. Methods: Hence, the research was aimed to evaluate the potential of Phaseolus lunatus seeds extract to inhibit α-amylase, maltase and glucoamylase as a possible mechanism of hypoglycemia caused by this plant with fewer side effects. Phaseolus lunatus, also known as Lima bean, is native to Tropical America and grown worldwide. Lima bean has been prescribed traditionally to treat different diseases, including diabetes. Result: The results of the present study showed that Phaseolus lunatus seeds extract has exerted both time and concentration-dependent Significant inhibitory effects on these digestive enzymes might be due to the cumulative impact of phytoconstituents in the plant extract. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that the part mechanisms by which Phaseolus lunatus exhibited its antidiabetic activity might be through inhibiting this digestive enzyme.

Dr. salman ahmed

Pulses are well known richest source of vegetable protein and poor man’s food because of its essential component of diet. The frontline demonstrations of chickpea crop was carried out by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nagaur-I, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during rabi seasons from 2011-12 to 2019-20 on 178.5 ha area with 382 demonstrations in different clusters of Nagaur district of Rajasthan. The results shows that demonstrations produced on an average 18.02 q/ha grain yield of chickpea, which was 24.18 per cent higher as compared to prevailing farmers practice (14.51 q/ha). The front line demonstrations fetched more average gross returns (Rs.60161/ha), net return (Rs. 37963/ha) and B:C ratio (2.76) with slightly higher investment on cost of cultivation (Rs.1663/ha) as compared to farmers practice. The increase in gross and net returns was in the tune of Rs.11960 and Rs. 10285 per hectare with incremental benefit: cost ratio of 0.33. The average extension gap, technology gap and technology index was 350kg/ha, 608 kg/ha and 25.2 per cent, respectively. It is also observed that majority of the respondent farmers expressed high (51.83%) to the medium (32.72%) level of satisfaction regarding the performance of chickpea under demonstrations

Dr. babu lal jat