The microbiological quality of purified water is a crucial aspect in the healthcare industry to ensure safety for different applications and uses. Understanding the trend and forecasting would be of prime importance to take proactive control and protective measures before catastrophic excursions might occur leading financial and health casualties. This study analyzes microbial density, a key metric for monitoring water purification system efficacy in healthcare facilities. The objective was to transform irregular, cumulative data into a regular time series and identify the optimal ARIMA model for forecasting to support predictive maintenance and regulatory compliance. Preliminary modeling attempts were conducted using simpler approaches such as linear, exponential and Holt-Winters methods without showing promising outcomes. Descriptive statistics and distribution analysis, including the Johnson Transformation for normality, were performed. ARIMA models with differencing orders d=0, d=1, and d=2 were fitted to the Aggregated cumulative logarithmically transformed data series, with the best model at each order selected based on minimum AICc. Model adequacy was assessed through parameter significance and residual diagnostics (Ljung-Box test). Descriptive statistics showed the aggregated series non-normal (p<0 d=0) AICc=319.39) d=2) AICc=258.98)>0.5). The ARIMA(2, 1, 2) model (d=1) was optimal (AICc=256.91), with all significant parameters and white noise residuals (p>0.3), effectively addressing non-stationarity. Forecasts from ARIMA(2, 1, 2) predict stable future growth. The ARIMA(2, 1, 2) model with first-order differencing is the most appropriate and robust model for forecasting data trends. Its strong statistical fit and reliable residual properties make it a valuable tool for predictive maintenance, optimizing resources, and enhancing patient safety in healthcare water systems, provided model performance is continuously monitored. Addressing data limitations and processing requires monitoring and exploring alternative models for future improvement.

Mostafa eissa

Introduction: The right lung has two fissures, an oblique and a horizontal, dividing it into three lobes namely the upper, middle, and lower. The nature of the fissure is of great importance in planning operative strategy for thoracoscopic pulmonary resection where an the incomplete fissure may contribute to post-operative air leakage Aim: To assess the gross morphological features of the right lung with special emphasis on the completeness of horizontal fissure. Material & Method: Material for the present study comprised of right lungs obtained from 50 well-embalmed adult human cadavers of both the sexes dissected as a part of 1 MBBS curriculum in the Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. Results: Horizontal fissure was found to be complete in only 10% of the lungs while in rest 90% it was either incomplete or absent. Conclusion: Inferable from the huge variation in nonappearance or partial appearance of horizontal fissure in the right lung and to the absence of an acceptable classification of fissures, an endeavor has been made to give one such classification. In like manner, the horizontal fissure is evaluated from Grade zero to IV contingent on its absence and profundity from coastal surface to the hilum. Each evaluation is additionally divided into 3 subgrades relying on the culmination or incompleteness of these fissures with respect to their length.

Dr kulbir kaur

English Corner extracurricular activities are one of the choices for students to be able to learn English with more fun. Through the English Corner extracurricular program, the Madrasah provides provisions for its students to face the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. The purpose of this research is to add insight and to know the mechanism of the English corner extracurricular through the development, implementation, assessment, and evaluation of the English corner extracurricular in the 4.0 revolution era at MI Roudlotul Ulum Banyuwangi. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive design. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used the concept of Miles and Huberman. The validity of the data was measured by means of triangulation of sources and techniques. The results showed that 1). The development of the English corner extracurricular in facing the 4.0 industrial revolution pays attention to human resources, needs, infrastructure, talents, and interests. 2). The implementation of the English corner extracurricular is almost the same as learning in general and is made more relaxed so that it is more comfortable in its implementation. 3). This English corner extracurricular assessment uses a written manual assessment, after which it is recapitulated and entered into the Digital Report Card Application (ARD). 4). This English corner extracurricular evaluation is carried out every six months or at the end of the semester, taking into account the development and implementation that was carried out in the previous semester.

Educare: journal of primary education

The coexistence of Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) and Graves’ disease (GD) is uncommon. Here, we report a case of a 41-year-old Filipino female, who presented with thyrotoxicosis and acute ischemic stroke. Based on her clinical presentation, cerebral computed tomography angiography, and thyroid function tests, she was diagnosed with MMS and GD. Her Burch-Wartofsky point scale score was 30, suggesting an impending thyroid storm. Antithyroid therapy was started with her neurological status deterioration initially, but after controlling the thyroid storm, the patient’s neurological status stabilized. She remained stable till she travelled to her country. We hypothesized that MMS in a patient with GD is mediated through anti-dsDNA antibodies, by altering key biological mechanisms, that is, inflammation, neutrophil extracellular traps, and apoptosis that drive a distinctive and coordinated immune and vascular activation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of MMS associated with GD reported in Qatar.

Karishma

A performance analysis on a vapour compression refrigeration system with various refrigerants mixture of R152a, RE170, R600a, and R290 were done for various mixture ratios and their results were compared with R134a as possible alternative replacement. The results showed that all of the alternative refrigerants investigated in the analysis except R431A, [R 152a (29%), R290 (71%)] have a slightly higher performance coefficient (COP) than R134a for the condensation temperature of 500C and evaporating temperatures ranging between -300C and 100C.Refrigerant blend of R152a/RE170 (20/80 by wt%) instead of R134a was found to be a replacement refrigerant among other alternatives. The effects of the main parameters of performance analysis such as refrigerant type, degree of sub cooling and super heating on the refrigerating effect, coefficient of performance and volumetric refrigeration capacity were also investigated for various evaporating temperatures.

Baskaran

To the editor, On April 24, 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued an urgent call to reinvigorate global action to end malaria, releasing updated guidelines that reflect both progress and persisting challenges in combating this deadly disease. [1] This renewed guidance arrives at a critical juncture: global malaria cases have plateaued, progress is faltering, and health systems in endemic regions face increasing strain from drug resistance, climate change, and funding shortfalls.

Karishma

The aim of the present study was to explore the nature of visual representations in biology textbooks across five educational boards across Asia through quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Descriptive statistics was used during the quantitative analysis. Qualitative content analysis involved a deductive approach where visuals in these textbooks were examined and categorized into different categories based on a newly developed typology and taxonomy of visual representation (coding scheme). Under this newly developed typology and taxonomy (coding scheme), visuals in biology textbooks can be categorized into 19 different categories. The findings of the study summarized the characteristics of visual representation usage in these textbooks in terms of their prevalence, distributional differences and trends. Through this study, a new perspective on the taxonomy and classification of visual representations, especially for biology textbooks, has been proposed. Biology teachers and textbook authors can gain insights through the findings of the study. Subjects: General Science; Biology; Secondary Education

Dr t premalatha

Background: Formaldehyde is found in different kinds of medicine and industrial products, cigarette smoke, and even numerous vegetables, fruits and seafood that have been illegally preserved with formalin. The water soluble vitamin C is a strong antioxidant that scavenges free radicals and other reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Even in small amounts, vitamin C can defend nucleic acids, lipids and proteins against oxidative damage. Objectives: the aim of this study is to elucidate the possible changes that take place in the liver of adult male albino rats after intraperitoneal injection of formaldehyde and the possibility of oral vitamin C’s hepatoprotectivity against it. Design: forty-five adult male albino rats were utilized in this work. These animals were allocated randomly into three main groups. Group I (control groups) included 3 subgroups each contained 9 rats : –ve control received no treatment , +ve control which were injected intraperitoneally by 1 ml of distilled water for 10 days and vit.C +ve control group which received a daily dose of ascorbic acid (100mg/kg bw) dissolved in distilled water by gavage for 10 days. Group ΙΙ: contained 9 rats, which were injected intraperitoneally with a daily dose of formaldehyde (10mg/kg BW) for 10 days. Group IΙΙ: contained 9 rats that were injected intraperitoneally with a daily dose of formaldehyde (10mg/kg BW) concomitantly with daily dose of ascorbic acid (100mg/kg BW) by gavage for 10 days. By the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical study of ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and albumin and all animals were anaesthetized by ether inhalation. Liver specimens were dissected out and weighed then subjected to histopathological, immunohistochemistry, and morphometrical examination. Results: Administration of formaldehyde at a dose of 10 mg/kg caused increase in serum activities of ALT and AST ,but regarding albumin ,it remained unaffected .It caused increase in the liver weights and induced several histopathological changes in the liver of adult male albino rats as congested dilated central veins, portal veins and blood sinusoids with increase in the thickness of the wall of the portal vein. Meanwhile, some hepatic lobules showed multiple necrotic foci around central and portal veins. On the other hand, vit.C partially improved the state of oxidative stress as evidenced by iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) immunohistochemistry. It also reduced the degree of hepatic fibrosis as evidenced by Mallory trichrome histochemical staining. Conclusion: Exposure to formaldehyde led to pronounced hepatic damage which is partially limited by vit.C coadministration. Recommendations: Many special precautions should be taken to limit the occupational and environmental exposure and the level of food and water contamination with formaldehyde and use vit.C as a supplement to limit the toxic effects on the liver.

Samar mortada mahmoud

The rate of aging is rapidly increasing and the term of geriatric refers to offer a medical care to elderly people. Drug consumption study on geriatric population is a vital issue since this group is totally neglected in Libya. The aim of this study was to assess drug utilization pattern among elderly patients in terms of world health organization core prescribing indicators and to evaluate the treatment cost. A total of 106 prescriptions were randomly collected from different community pharmacies located in Tripoli during the summer 2019, and were evaluated (total number of prescribed drugs is 359) for their clinical efficacy and safety. The findings revealed that 60 drugs acting on GIT (16.7%), 50 antimicrobial drugs (13.9%), 31 antihypertensive drugs (8.6%) and 30 drugs for respiratory diseases (8.4%) were prescribed to patients who are 65 years old or more. With regard to disease pattern in the elderly Libyan patients, 27 drugs were prescribed for diabetes mellitus (7.5%), 24 drugs for cardiovascular drugs (6.7%) and 14 drugs for anti-hyperlipidemia (3.9%). According to the WHO core drug use indicator pattern, the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 3.3. Prescription by generic name was low (41.5%). Antibiotics were 36.8% while injections were 26.6%. Thus, this study suggest that geriatric medicine and rational drug use should strongly be implanted in medical schools and teaching hospitals. Besides, a drug pattern use of the Libyan community is urgently required to avoid drug prescribing errors.

Fathi m. sherif

Tobacco smoking negatively affects the quality of saliva and affects many biological parameters including salivary α-amylase enzyme activity. Salivary α-amylase enzyme is essential for the catabolism of carbohydrates. Forty- five healthy male volunteers aged between 18 and 69 years (40.0 ± 15.0) were divided into two groups, namely, the control group (n = 21) and the cigarette smoker group (n = 24). The effect of smoking on salivary α-amylase enzyme activity depends on the number of smoked cigarettes per day and the type of cigarettes as well as the period for how long the person smoking tobacco cigarettes was investigated. Different methods were used to analyze the activity of salivary α-amylase enzyme including the dinitrosalicylic acid method (standard colorimetric method). The results showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in salivary α-amylase activity in Libyan smokers compared to the non-smokers in the morning and night, also, the findings showed a significant decline in salivary α-amylase activity during the increasing smoking period. The activity of salivary α-amylase in the young age smokers group increases in morning and night compared to the non-smokers group. There is no change in the activity of salivary α-amylase in the middle and older adult groups in the morning and night compared to young smokers group. In conclusion, smoking for a long period time more than 20 cigarettes per day decreases the activity of salivary α-amylase in Libyan subjects.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The rate of oxygen consumption was measured in mercury chloride treated freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio for 96h and compared to control group. The present investigation showed that average oxygen rate was decreased in all treated animal as compared to controlled group. Behavioural changes was also recorded in both concentration. The behavioural alterations observed like surfacing, erratic movement, increased mucous secretion, decreased opercular movement and loss of balance. The present study revealed that, mortality rate increased with increases in concentration.

.vijay digambar suryawanshi

Adolescents’ scholastic and social life has become increasingly reliant on the internet and mobile technology in recent years. Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is a growing problem in Indian adolescents. However, in many cases, this use has become obsessive, causing them to neglect other elements of their lives. Adolescents account for over 35% of internet users in India. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychosomatic problems related to internet overuse among school going adolescent students. This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 348 students in selected schools of Aspur block in Dungarpur-district, Rajasthan, India in the month of February 2016. Problematic internet use (PIU) was assessed by Young’s twenty question internet addiction test. The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-42) and self structured questionnaire check list was used to measure psychosomatic problems among adolescents. Approximately 5.17% adolescents showed Problematic internet use (PIU). Adolescents with PIU were associated with age between 14-16 year, males,10th class of study, using internet since more than 3 years, being at home, mobile as a source of internet use, purpose of internet use with online gaming. Compared with normal internet users, there were significant correlation between Problematic Internet Use and Somatic Complaints r=0.3660, p<0.05, Depression r=0.3982, p<0.05. Anxiety r=0.2512, p<0.05 and Stress r=0.2886, p<0.05. Problematic internet use (PIU) is an increasing problem among teenagers and it has been linked to psychosomatic issues. Timely Effective measures are needed to prevent the spread of this problem

Dr k c yadav

This study aims at classifing hotels in Jordan into groups based on their Total Quality Management (TQM) implementation. Using a survey methodology, the TQM questionnaire was designed to measure the level of TQM implementation throughout Critical Success Factors (CSFs) which are necessary for TQM implementation. A total of 345 TQM questionnaires were distributed to managers, working in 17 four- and five-star Jordanian hotels. The researcher obtained 227 usable TQM questionnaires. The results classified Jordanian hotels based on the CSFs for TQM implementation. More specifically, using cluster analysis on the CSFs of TQM resulted in two groups of hotels: ‘low TQM adopters’ and ‘high TQM adopters’. These two groups showed significant differences across the TQM CSFs

Mukhles m. al-ababneh

Three commonly used legumes, Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Phaseolus lunatus Linn., and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. were subjected to determine their minerals and phytic acid contents to correlate their nutritional and medicinal properties. The atomic absorption spectroscopic method was used to quantify essential minerals, while the spectrophotometric method was used for phytic acid estimation. Fe, Mg, Mn, P and Zn were recorded in reasonable quantities, Ca and Cu in moderate, and K in small amounts in the seed flours of all the three tested legumes. Maximum Fe and Zn content (0.38 and 0.40 mg/g) were recorded in P. vulgaris, while M. uniflorum delivered high content of Mg, Mn, P and Ca (0.21, 0.20, 77.94 and 0.04 mg/g) and 0.04 mg/g Cu was recorded in P. lunatus. The highest level of phytic acid (37.00 mg/g) was recorded in M. uniflorum at 519 nm. The estimated quantities of minerals and phytic acid provide an excellent opportunity to conclude that all three tested legumes could be used as food to achieve nutritional and health-related functional benefits.

Dr. salman ahmed

This case is designed to highlight the marketing strategies adopted by a new entrant in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. The importance of brand architecture in building brand relevance in this competitive environment and enhancing customer loyalty has been put forth as illustrated by the experts. The synchronization of branding strategies and marketing communications in terms of establishing a customer connect purely on the basis of nationalism, price, and natural preparations have been highlighted from the perspective of Patanjali’s growth strategy. The brand has been envied by all the big players of the sector for proving itself as the major disruptor being portrayed in terms of its voluminous sales and ever-rising revenues. This case on Patanjali offers an insight into the strategies followed by a new company to position the brand at the right time and acquire a substantial market share. It also highlights the facts that exceptional competitiveness in distribution strategies may not be the only determinant for effective management of distribution strategies, and the road ahead needs to be rightly sorted out. This case also tries to unlock the path that determines the success the brand Patanjali has achieved which otherwise took decades for Nestle, Proctor & Gamble, ITC, or Unilever to achieve.

Dr. neena prasad

We present a large-eddy simulation (LES) of saliva particle transport during normal human breathing through the nose and mouth. The flow of the air–saliva mixture is modeled using an Eulerian LES that is coupled with a Lagrangian particle tracking module to obtain trajectories of saliva particles in a room with stagnant air conditions. The coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian simulation yields novel insights into the intricate dynamics of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) and fundamental material lines that emerge from the saliva particles' trajectories during several breathing cycles. Further, we systematically compare the quantitative LCS diagnostics of mouth breathing with those of mouth and nose normal breathing. Analyzing the simulation results of human breathing from the mouth and nose, we show that, soon after the first breathing cycle, saliva particles form a series of roll-up vortex rings that propagate forward. The forward propagation of these vortex rings leads to the formation of an asymmetrical primary forefront vortex. The individual vortex rings continuously propagate forward, merging with the forefront vortex, and ascending along the limb of the leading vortex.

Hossein seyedzadeh

Introduction: In recent years, the growing research towards new drugs has been targeted on plant-based drugs, and Neem (Azadirachta indica) is one of the plants that have been extensively researched for its diverse medicinal properties. The study aimed to determine the effects of neem on the hematological parameters (total white blood cells, neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil counts) and histology of some organs of rats. Methods: Fifteen healthy male Wister rats divided into control (Nm0) and experimental groups (Nm11 and Nm22). Control group 1 (Nm0) was given 100mg/200g body weight of normal saline orally twice daily; experimental group 2 (Nm11), 100mg/200g body weight neem extract twice daily for 11 days and experimental group 3 (Nm22), 100mg/200g neem leaf extract twice daily for 22 days. Total number of white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils, packed cell volumes (PCV) and histological changes in the spleen, liver and kidneys were evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences in mean values of the hematological parameters (total WBC; PCV; neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils). We observed the central vacuolation and accumulation of lymphocytes in the spleen, hypertrophy of the central vein in the liver and shrinking of the glomeruli and accumulation of the lymphocytes in the kidney using hematoxylin and eosin staining following prolonged administration of neem extract (Nm22). Conclusion: Prolonged administration of neem affected the histology of some organs of the rats more than the hematological parameters

Emmanuel umegbolu

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare birth defect marked by a complete reversal of the positions of abdominal and thoracic organs, resembling a mirrored image. This condition can raise challenges both in diagnosis and treatment procedures. Management of cholelithiasis in SIT patients presents difficulties due to the anatomical differences. We present a case involving a 47-year-old male patient who experienced intermittent left upper abdominal pain over the course of 4 months; the pain had worsened in the last 2 months. The pain was felt radiating to the waist and left back and was accompanied by nausea and vomiting. After clinical assessment and radiological investigations, such as thoracic X-ray and abdominal ultrasound, the patient was suspected of having cholelithiasis and SIT. The patient underwent an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy without complications and experienced an uneventful recovery. Several intraoperative adjustments were implemented to address the technical challenges arising from the underlying anatomical variation.

Karishma

A survey was conducted to screen the presences of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella from broiler chicken meat brought from local retail shops situated at Kozhinjampara, Palakkad, Kerala. Based on the morphological and biochemical characterization, a total of 15 Salmonella sp were isolated. Among 15 isolates, five (S7, S8, S10, S12, S14) isolates exhibited 100% resistance to all tested antibiotics and only one isolate S9 shows sensitivity to maximum antibiotics tested. In the study, garlic extract was tested against antibiotic-resistant isolates and it exhibited maximum inhibition against S12 isolate (30mm) and minimum inhibition against S8 isolate (22mm). The analyses of the garlic extract by GC-MS confirmed that the major components of garlic having antimicrobial activity. The result specified that garlic extract was found to be effective in controlling antibiotic resistance Salmonella species from broiler chicken meat. Therefore, incorporating garlic products in poultry feeds will help reduce antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microbes which causes drastic infections in human beings.

Dr. saranya devi k

PFAPA syndrome (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis) is the most common periodic fever disorder in childhood, typically resolving by early adolescence. Relapse after a prolonged symptom-free interval is rare and has been reported following tonsillectomyrelated remission. We describe a 13-year-old girl with intact tonsils who experienced recurrence of PFAPA a decade after initial remission. She presented with a 6-day history of high-grade fever, aphthous ulcers, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis unresponsive to antibiotics. Investigations showed elevated inflammatory markers, a negative infectious workup, and significant cervical lymphadenopathy on ultrasound. A single dose of prednisolone led to the rapid resolution of symptoms followed by sustained remission on follow-up. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of late PFAPA relapse and underscores the importance of clinical recognition, exclusion of mimicking conditions, and corticosteroid responsiveness in guiding management.

Karishma