Standardization of crude drugs is a code of conduct and an essential need of the time. Substitution and adulteration now become a widespread practice, which makes the global crude drug market unsafe for crude drugs depending on the world population. Moreover, crude drug evaluation is not easy because numerous influential factors affect the bio-efficacy and reproducibility of therapeutic effects. The broad spectrum of standardization ensures the correct substance in the proper amount for desired therapeutic effects. It also provides all possible careful measures taken from collection and manufacturing to drug dispensing for clinical application. The authors have tried to cover precise tools for crude drug standardization in the present review.

Dr. salman ahmed

In this article, we study an Inventory Routing Problem with deterministic customer demand in a two-tier supply chain. The supply chain network consists of a supplier using a single vehicle with a given capacity to deliver a single product type to multiple customers. We are interested in population-based algorithms to solve our problem. A Memetic Algorithm (MA) is developed based on the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Variable Neighborhood Search methods. The proposed meta-heuristics are tested on small and large reference benchmarks. The results of the MA are compared to those of the classical GA and to the optimal solutions in the literature. The comparison shows the efficiency of using MA and its ability to generate high quality solutions in a reasonable computation time.

Mohamed salim amri sakhri

India is a country of immense diversity. It is home to people of many different racial, languages, ethnic, religious, and national backgrounds. Groups of people in India differ from each other not only in physical or demographic characteristics but also in distinctive patterns of behavior and these patterns are determined by social and cultural factors like language, region, religion, and caste. Apart from behaviour, economic development, level of education and political culture of the people in various social segments differ from region to region. More you can say that economy and cultures have been enriched by the contributions of migrants from round the globe. In an increasingly globalised world, migratory movements is continuously shaping the countries all over the world. Some countries like India and Ireland, which set the example of economic development and social integration, have the positive impact of the migration by globalisation and some countries like USA, which recently witness racism, xenophobia and discrimination have the negative impact on the migrants. It does not mean India do not face fragmentation and USA do not have cohesion. USA have many stories which show successful integration process, that facilitated the lives of immigrant communities, but being a developed country it still suffers from cultural alienation. In these countries, borders are built within borders to create cultural divides that do not allow people to integrate. Recently, this problem has become more prominent due to the rise of terrorism, clash of cultures in the world, leading to the glorification of stereotypes. People are becoming less accepting towards anyone who does not belong to their region. Migration does not stop after people move from one place to another place. The main question start after that ‘now what’ they will do. That is why this topic needs to be discussed thoroughly in order to find better solutions. This paper will begin with an analysis of different approaches to Migration, discuss the target groups for integration policies, provide indicators of the current situation of migrants and proceed to an analysis of integration tools: legislation, social policies and participatory processes. It will focus not only on the impact of migration but also on social integration, mix culture like indo-western culture in a comparative basis.

Ekta meena

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been used widely in our daily day to day life, starting from health care devices, hospital management appliances to a smart city. Most of the IoT devices have limited resources and limited storing capability. All the sensed information must have to be transmitted and to store in the cloud. To make a decision and for making analysis all the data stored in the cloud has to be retrieved. Making certain the credibility and security of the sensed information are much necessary and very important for the use of IoT devices. We tend to examine the proposed technique to be much secure than the existing one. In IoT, if the security is not ensured, then it may result in a variety of unsought issues. This survey resembles the overall safety aspects of IoT and debates the overall issues in the security of IoT.

Jebin bose s

Effective crisis communication response through using the proper strategies is critical to cope with crises and to protect the reputation and existence of the involved parties. Usually, aviation accidents receive great attention from the media and the public. Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (MH17) which was shot down over eastern Ukraine on 17 July 2014 during its scheduled flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur received global attention. This attention was due to the involvement of several countries either at the level of the countries of victims or the countries accused of the attack. Image repair theory proposed by William Benoit, the widely used in crisis communication response was implemented in this study. The Russian response to the international accusation, especially from the Western world on supporting the attackers of MH17 has been examined in this study. This study implemented both quantitative and qualitative content analysis to achieve its aims. A total of 306 news stories from the online New Straits Times newspaper Website from the years 2014 to 2019 were analysed. A total of 191 strategies were included in 123 news stories since some stories combined more than a strategy. Out of 191 strategies, 43.5% were simple denial, followed by shift the blame and attack accuser with 35.1% and 21.5% respectively. The results revealed that the image repair effort by Russia was effective and successful.

Mohammed fadel arandas

Introduction: Use of endotracheal tube (ETT) has many limitations. There is a need for an airway device with similar safety and good side effect profile. In this prospective observational study, the oxygenation and ventilation parameters between patients who were inserted Proseal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) or ETT for laparoscopic surgeries were compared. Materials and Methods: After ethical committee approval, informed consent was obtained from sixty patients (thirty in each group) posted for elective laparoscopic surgery. Following induction of general anaesthesia and paralysis, PLMA or ETT was inserted and pressure control mode was used for ventilation. The following parameters were measured: a. Oxygen saturation and changes in FiO2 needed to ensure a target SpO2> 95%, EtCO2 and changes in respiratory rate and inspiratory pressure needed to ensure a target EtCO2 between 35-45 mmHg. b. Insertion characteristics of airway device and gastric tube, hemodynamic responses, incidence of complications. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test was used to analyze qualitative data. Independent t test was used to assess quantitative variables. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the outcome measures over time adjusted for duration of surgery and anaesthesia. P values<0> Results: Both groups were comparable with respect to age, gender and weight. Oxygenation and ventilation parameters achieved with both ETT and PLMA were comparable and satisfactory. Haemodynamic parameters increased significantly in ETT group compared to PLMA group during airway insertion and removal. Also, postoperative sore throat was comparatively less in the PLMA group. Conclusion: Hence we conclude that PLMA may be considered as an alternative to ETT in airway management of patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries with comparable oxygenation and ventilation parameters and improved side effect profile.

Kamal singh

Self-medication of antibiotics is an irrational use of drugs, contributing to microbial resistance, increasing health care cost and higher mortality and morbidity. This study was aimed to assess self-medication with antibiotics without a medical prescription in the community of Libya. This is a cross-sectional study conducted from June to December, 2022 and the total number of participants was 200. The design of the study and sample size were modified according to the proficiency of pharmacists and the medical and non-medical population of Libya. The questionnaire was developed in English and Arabic language and was distributed through social media platforms. The questions were used after a thorough literature search and assessing the validity and reliability. The significant signs regarding reasons for the treatment by self-medication drugs of antibiotics, because of its various drugs of antibiotic by pharmacist (n = 80, 40.0%) and family (n = 90, 45.0%) compare with experience and physicians by used prescription was 13 (06.50%) and significant sings regarding by nasal congestion self-medication of various antibiotics (n = 100, 50.0%). This sign must be practiced based on a previous physician’s prescription. The antibiotics are often self-administered as patient feel that they will save money and time but this can lead to substantial adverse drug reaction, antibiotic resistance, treatment failure and drug-related toxicity. This study respondent's medical and non-medical public of Libya who should be relatively informed and educated about the risk of treatment by self-medication of antibiotics with the development of resistance.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Education is power. It constitutes the foundation of all the multidimensional socio-economic development of a country. In the present context, we need manpower or human capital for generating the growth and development in a country. The Government of India has taken several many initiatives for promoting education at all the stages i.e. Primary, Secondary and Higher. But still, we find such issues as a high dropout rate at all the stages of education, rural-urban disparity, gender disparity, interstate variations pose as some of the problems that impedes the development of human resources in our country. Even the work participation rate in India indicates the necessity of proper planning of skill training and employment opportunity. Most interestingly, the existing general and conventional higher educational institutions have not effectively been able to cope with the contemporary challenges and changes with the result that the nature of curriculum which is by and large in place tends to create only degree inflation in our country. So, we need such institutes and institutional arrangement that can cater to the contemporary challenges so as to upgrade the quality of education as well as to provide need based educational programmes that can develop human power in the society. Effective or quality education especially at higher level can play a vital role in bringing around multifaceted human resource development, enabling the learner’s absorption in the job market and selfemployment. This paper will discuss how the accessibility of education can be promoted to all through a convenient mode of education system and how the disparities in education can be minimized, and also focus on the various strategies for strengthening higher education system in the country.

Dr gedam kamalakar

The exploration encompasses the diverse dimensions of the Verbesina genus, a cluster of flowering plants within the Asteraceae family, comprising 340 species with varied growth patterns and floral attributes. Traditional medicinal practices associated with Verbesina species across different cultures are scrutinized, emphasizing the necessity for scientific validation of these ethnomedicinal traditions. Through chemical and pharmacological profiling, Verbesina plants reveal a plethora of bioactive compounds and therapeutic potentials, propelling drug discovery and development opportunities. Safety considerations, conservation challenges, and sustainable harvesting practices emerge as pivotal factors in maximizing the benefits of Verbesina species while minimizing environmental impacts. Finally, we underscore the significance of collaborative research efforts, recognizing the invaluable contributions of our professional colleagues and researchers in related fields in fully harnessing Verbesina plants' medicinal, healthcare and conservation potentials, promising groundbreaking discoveries and applications with profound implications for human well-being.

Dr. salman ahmed

X-ray crystallography has been central to the development of many fields of science over the past century. It has now matured to a point that as long as good-quality crystals are available, their atomic structure can be routinely determined in three dimensions. However, many samples in physics, chemistry, materials science, nanoscience, geology, and biology are noncrystalline, and thus their three-dimensional structures are not accessible by traditional x-ray crystallography. Overcoming this hurdle has required the development of new coherent imaging methods to harness new coherent x-ray light sources. Here we review the revolutionary advances that are transforming x-ray sources and imaging in the 21st century.

Nima fahimian, md

India is a diverse land with a population of approximately 1.3 billion,1 placing India at the second position in the world in terms of population. Among these, Seventh-day Adventists' existence, as per the statistics of 2019, is 1.14 million.2 India is a richly diverse community, inclosing a diverse range of ethnic groups, each, not just different, but on occasion quite the opposite. The present population of the country can be divided among four racial groups: Negritos, proto-Australoid, the Mongoloids, and the Mediterranean.34 These racial groups today majorly fall in different ethnic groups based on their linguistic classifications. They are Indo-Aryan (78.05 percent), Dravidian (19.64 percent), and the remaining 2.31 percent of the population segregated among Austroasiatic (Mon-Khmer), Sino-Tibetan, and Tai-Kadai.5 This ethnic diversity can be easily seen within the Adventist church too.

Santosh kumar

Customers shopping behaviors have altered because of technological advancement and widespread of internet access. The rise in online sales presents both opportunities and challenges for many e-commerce companies. To successfully increase the customers’ purchase intention, it is important to implement persuasion marketing strategies especially in the online environment, together with other traditional marketing techniques available. The goal of this study is to determine which technique, between Scarcity Tactics and Liking Tactics, has more impact on customers’ Purchase Intention. Zalora Indonesia, as one of the leaders in fashion, beauty, home and lifestyle e-commerce, is chosen to be the research object. Scarcity Tactics and Liking Tactics are the independent variables used in this study, with customers’ Purchase Intention as the dependent variable. Quantitative method using a causal strategy, with an online questionnaire has been delivered to 120 Zalora Indonesia buyers. According to the findings of this research, customers who buy online have the tendency to do purchases when Zalora Indonesia uses Scarcity Tactics and Liking Tactics in its marketing approach. Scarcity Tactics, however, has more influence on online Purchase Intention, whereas Liking Tactics has a promising but insignificant impact. Both Scarcity Tactics and Liking Tactics show influences in customers’ Purchase Intention as much as 60.2%.

L

Metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity is a rising challenge in managing susceptible infections. The mechanisms involved in metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity are not fully unraveled. This study aimed to explore the effect of metronidazole on iron homeostasis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Confluent SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with different concentrations of 1.0, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 250 µM of metronidazole only or in combination with 20 µM iron. DMSO or culture media was used as control. Viability and ferritin assays were conducted on the treated cells. The treatments were for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours, respectively. In the viability assay, doses of metronidazole reduced the viability of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner. After 24-hour treatment, 250 µM metronidazole significantly reduced cell viability while 50 µM, 100 µM and 250 µM metronidazole reduced considerably viability only after 48-hour and 72-hour compared with control. Different doses of metronidazole 50 µM, 100 µM, and 250 µM in 20 µM iron reduced viability in a time-dependent manner in all the test periods. Metronidazole also induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase (p<0.05) in cellular iron uptake in the 48-hour and 72-hour treated cells in concentrations above 25 µM metronidazole. It is concluded that metronidazole induces a time and concentration-dependent iron overload and consequent cell death in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and this may contribute to the mechanism of metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: Lichen planus (LP) is a papulosquamous cutaneous disorder that manifests as intensely itchy violaceous flat-topped polygonal papules and plaques. To compare the efficacy of topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% versus topical tacrolimus 0.1% in the treatment of LP. Methods: This prospective Comparative Study was conducted at the Dermatology Department, Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS)/Services Hospital, Lahore, from May 1, 2022, to April 30, 2023. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board at the Department of Dermatology, SIMS/Services Hospital, Lahore. A total of 80 patients were selected after fulfilling the selection criteria. The study participants were placed into two groups, A and B. In group A, the patients were advised to use the topical application of clobetasol propionate (0.05%) ointment twice daily. In group B, tacrolimus ointment (0.1%) was used twice daily. Treatment response was assessed at 3 weeks, and then finally efficacy was evaluated at 6 weeks. Results: Treatment efficacy was observed in 34 patients (42.5%). Group A (Clobetasol) demonstrated a significantly higher efficacy of 55% compared to 30% in Group B (Tacrolimus; p = 0.024). Conclusions: The 0.05% clobetasol propionate topical formulation demonstrated superior efficacy in treating LP compared to 0.1% topical tacrolimus. Further validation of these findings through large-scale clinical trials is warranted.

Karishma

Overpopulation is a global problem which affects almost everyone in the globe by reducing the available natural resources in the existence. An epidemiological survey was conducted with the aim to assess the people’s response towards overpopulation and its harms to them. The study was conducted based upon descriptive survey design using interview method. The study comprises 80 people residing in selected rural area. The data was collected based on purposive sampling using checklist. The study reveals that most of the people are residing by doing unskilled work due to unemployment with poor living standard.

Neeraj kumar bansal

ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production via oxidative stress leads to selective neuronal degeneration and finally results in neurodegenerative diseases. PD (Parkinson’s disease) is one of the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by overproduction of ROS due to the activity of xanthine oxidase. XO activity inhibitors may prove to be promising antiparkinson agents. Present investigation describes the synthesis and characterization of fluoro substituted pyrazolyl pyrazoline derivatives using spectrometer and 1HNMR spectra. Molecular docking studies of NAP1-NAP5 derivatives were performed in silico using molecular docking software. The resulting dock score in terms of D score has been compared with the standard XO inhibitor i.e. Allopurinol and Oxypurinol. The in silico approach used to study the Drug and Enzyme interaction using docking mechanism. Results indicated that the NAP derivatives accounted for better region specificity towards XO. It shows the strong binding interaction of ligand and receptor calculated on the basis of D score; hence the D score shows highest affinity. Overall score tabulation for D score as 2NAP1: -101.78; 2NAP2: -118.32; 2NAP3: -99.921; 2NAP4: -105.22; 2NAP5: -101.56; accordingly with the comparison of standard ligand molecule i.e. Allopurinol: -37.016 and Oxypurinol: -37.233.

Dr. wahul umesh b

Organisations may either belong to the private sector or the public sector. When they are in the private sector, they can be large, small or medium-sized depending on the annual income and the number of workers they hire. Global organisations are developing rapidly because of the need to tap into new markets and production locations. Under the organisational structure, the organisation selected was Nike. It has several functional units whose activities are interrelated. For instance, human resource units ensure that the right personnel for finance or marketing are recruited and promoted. The emergence of new markets in BRIC and the digital revolution are highly relevant to external factors that affect the organisation. As a response, Nike has used social media and the digital revolution to reach customers directly. It, however, needs to take on new markets and products to remain in business.

Zamzam abdelazim

Cisplatin, cisplatinum, or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II), is a well-known chemotherapeutic drug. It is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents for various solid tumors in the clinic due to its high efficacy and broad spectrum. The antineoplastic activity of cisplatin is mainly due to its ability to cross-link with DNA, thus blocking transcription and replication, Subsequently inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. However, because of drug resistance and numerous undesirable side effects such as severe kidney problems, allergic reactions, decreased immunity to infections, gastrointestinal disorders, hemorrhage, and hearing loss especially in younger patients. Other common side effects include ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, hematological toxicity, cardiotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. These side effects together reduce the life quality of patients and require lowering the dosage of the drug, even stopping administration, thus weakening the treatment effect Therefore, substantial effort has been made to explore the complicated biochemical processes involved in the toxicology of cisplatin, aiming to identify effective ways to reduce or eradicate its toxicity. This review summarizes and reviews the updated advances in the toxicological research of cisplatin.

Nehal

Humans have used natural products to treat different pathological conditions since immemorial. Numerous plants have been reported to have antitussive activity. Our present study aimed to evaluate the ethanolic extract of Arenaria serpyllifolia (Carophyllaceae, Whole plant), Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Caesalpiniaceae, Aerial parts) and Fragaria nubicola (Rosaceae, Whole plant) for antitussive activity at the doses of 200, 400 mg/kg in healthy albino rats. Cough is a symptom and defensive reflex of removing the toxic, irritating substances and pathogens from the larynx, trachea and bronchi. Cough is usually considered a disease related to the lungs. Several substances are responsible for the stimulation of cough reflexes. Among the most common are dust, histamine and bronchoconstriction. Arenaria serpyllifolia is a small annual herb commonly called Thyme-leaved sandwort, found in uncultivated land, arid meadows and cliffs. Caesalpinia pulcherrima is an ornamental plant, usually 2 m tall, known as a Peacock flower. Fragaria nubicola grows in wooded valleys, forest margins and meadows. It is commonly known as wild strawberry. These plants have been used traditionally for cough suppression by different societies. In this study, cough was induced by using the sulphur dioxide induction method. Animals were divided into eight groups of ten animals each, and all the drugs were administered orally. Group I was the control group, while Group II was the standard. A dose-dependent inhibition of cough was observed for all extracts. At 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, all three extracts proved highly significant compared to standard. So, it proves and supports the traditional use of plants for relieving cough.

Dr. salman ahmed

Malwares are one of the most dangerous security threats in today’s world of fast growing technology. Now, it is not impossible to remotely lock down a system’s files for ransoms even when it is located overseas. This threat was accelerated when the world was introduced to cryptocurrency (for e.g., Bitcoins). It allowed the attackers to hide their tracks more efficiently. From a simple idea of testing the efficiency of a computer system to the most critical and sophisticated cyber-attack, malwares has evolved over the years and appeared time to time. Even with the smartest technologies today where we are trying to include Machine learning and Deep learning to every field of our life, the attackers are already developing more sophisticated malwares using the same Machine learning and Deep learning techniques. This raises the question on the security of the cyber-world and how we are able to protect it. In this work, we are presenting an analysis on a recent and most critical Windows malware called “LockerGoga”. Both static and dynamic analyses are performed on the malware to understand the behavior and characteristics of the malware.

Dr. chandrashekhar uppin