Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has not been widely investigated in young adults. This study aims to describe the risk factors of ICH with a focus on the possible effect of non-modifiable risk factors, such as genetic factors, to assess the ICH outcomes, and to identify the prognostic factors after ICH among young adult patients. Methods: This prospective and observational study was conducted at two hospitals at Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar, namely Hamad General Hospital and Alkhor Hospital. The study included young patients (16–45 years old) admitted with ICH between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018. Results: We examined 238 consecutive young patients with ICH consisting of 212 (89.1%) males and 26 (10.9%) females. The mean age was 37.8±6.23 years. The most common risk factor found in 187 (78.6%) patients was hypertension (HTN), while 19 (8.0%) patients had no obvious risk factors (cryptogenic). The primary site of bleeding was cerebral cortex (lobar) in 107 (44.96%) patients and then basal ganglia in 97 (40.76%) patients. The in-hospital mortality was 19 (8.0%); the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale >14 on admission (adjusted OR=2.06; 95% CI=1.448–2.938; p<0.001), Barthel index score ≤40 on admission (adjusted OR=1.09; 95% CI=1.015–1.178; p=0.019), and HTN (adjusted OR=0.075; 95% CI=0.008–0.724; p=0.025) were found to be independent predictors of in-hospital mortality by multivariate analysis. A 1-year follow-up showed mortality in 7 (3.2%) patients and no new events in 139 (63.8%) cases. Conclusion: HTN, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption are important modifiable risk factors for ICH among young patients in Qatar, requiring early identification and treatment to prevent this dangerous type of stroke. In addition, we recommend conducting further studies focusing on the genetic risk factors of ICH among young adults, particularly those with cryptogenic ICH, to identify whether genetic risk factors are involved.

Karishma

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is critical in maintaining brain interstitial fluid balance and providing hydromechanical protection. Lumbar puncture (LP) is a common invasive procedure for obtaining CSF samples to evaluate central nervous system infections and cancers and measure intracranial pressure. While LP is generally considered safe, it is associated with both minor and major complications. Post-LP meningitis occurs in approximately 50% of spinal anesthesia cases and 9% of diagnostic LPs. Additionally, over 70% of diagnostic LPs result in minor bleeding, which can lead to serious outcomes such as spinal epidural hematoma, nerve damage, or paralysis. Significant consequences of LP include headaches and hearing loss; however, other rare complications, such as cerebral herniation and CSF leak syndrome, must be considered carefully. This review synthesizes findings from multiple studies published in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, highlighting the need for further research on the complications and interventions related to this commonly performed procedure.

Karishma

This Experiment was conducted on 120 day old unsexed Ross broiler chicks to study the effect of added methionine to soybean meal as substitute for protein concentrate in the starter ration on some productive traits . The chicks were raised on floor were distributed to three treatments with four replicates each ( 10 birds) . The three experimental starter rations (1-28) day contained 2800 kcal/kg ME and 22% cp . The first supplemented with 5% protein concentrate , while the second and third were with out protein concentrate but supplemented with 0.1 and 0.2% methionine respectively . The Finisher ration (29-49) day contained 3047 kcal/kg ME and 19.19% cp. At 49 day of age 2 birds from each replicate were slaughtered for carcass traits . Statistic analysis of data showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in body weight , weight gain , feed and protein efficiency ratio for third treatment during (1-28) day , No significant difference in all studied traits during (29-49)day, and the third treatment showed best economic efficiency .

Rafea mohammedtaher khulel

Plants produce a diverse range of bioactive compounds making them a rich source of different types of medicines. Ornamental plants are cultivated for adornment and to enhance the appearance of houses and also for commercial purposes. However, only very few of these ornamental plant species have found to be used in medicine and only little literature exit on their chemical and biological actions. In the present study, the evaluation of antimicrobial activities and identification of bioactive compounds using TLC and GC-MS of the A. columnaris bark extract were performed. In GC-MS bioactive compounds with medicinal value were identified, such as Benzoic acid, 1H-N-Hydroxynaphth (2,3) imidazole-6,7-dicarboximide, 2-Propenoic acid, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl), 1H-N-Hydroxynaphth (2,3-d) imidazole-6,7-dicarboximi. To prove the nontoxic nature of the plant, its crude bark extract was subjected to toxicity study using human embryonic kidney cell line. It reveal that the plant is minimal toxic to the human kidney cell line so usage of appropriate level will found to be safe and also carrying out some structural modification will help in the extraction of new drugs for pharmaceutical purpose.

Dr. saranya devi k

Several diseases affect maize plants and one among them is black bundle disease, causal organism of which is yet to be confirmed with conflicting reports appearing in literature. In the present work, an effort was made to record the disease incidence by carry out filed surveys in Southern most district of Karnataka state, India and also to isolate and identify the causal organism. The surface sterilized pith tissue from the infected plants was cultured on PDA medium to identify the organism in the affected vascular tissue. The isolated tissue produce Cephalosporium acremonium which was confirmed based on morphological characters. In addition, Simplicillium sp. and Macrophomina phaseolina were also isolated from the same infected plant material and suspected to have participated in the disease development. In accordance with several reports in literature, Cephalosporium acremonium was tested and confirmed as the causal organism of disease in green house experiments by following the Koch’s postulates. This is in contrast with some earlier reports, wherein the exact symptoms of black bundle disease were reported as barren stalks in corn caused by Fusarium sp. The simplicillium sp. which had morphological similarity with C. acremonium and had an ambiguous taxonomic status in literature was confirmed as a distinct species through PCR based diagnosis.

Veerabhadraswamy al

Fresh water crab was exposed in fluoride water at 96h the rate of oxygen uptake was higher in gills followed by hepatopancreas and muscle. On exposure to fluoride water, tissue respiratory rates decreased, effect on gill tissue appeared to be more pronounced than other tissues under the study. The rate of oxygen uptake in male was higher tha control animal. Rate of oxygen consumption showed a significant decrease in both sexes with increase in duration of exposure to fluoride.

.vijay digambar suryawanshi

Oecophylla longinoda has some reported medicinal uses, including antimicrobial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was designed to investigate the Oecophylla longinoda methanol extract to evaluate the toxicity profiles of its acute and sub-acute effects. The experiments were conducted to determine the oral median lethal dose (LD50) and other gross toxicological manifestations on an acute basis. In the first phase of the acute toxicity study, three per group were administered Oecophylla longinoda at single oral doses of 10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, and 1600, 2900, and 5000 mg/kg of Oecophylla longinoda in the second phase. In the sub-acute studies, the mice were orally administered 2.5 g/kg Oecophylla longinoda per day for 14 consecutive days. Rat body weight and fluid intake were recorded during the 14 days. The rat kidney, heart, liver, and blood sera were obtained for weight, histological, and biochemical markers including glucose, cholesterol, proteins, triglycerides, enzymes including ALT, AST, and ALP, as well as electrolytes (sodium and potassium) examinations. Results show that the methanol extract of Oecophylla longinoda is safe, and no significant changes in the biochemical markers that indicate harmful effects on the kidney and liver were observed in mice. However, the liver showed slight changes while the kidneys and heart remained healthy in mice exposed to Oecophylla longinoda. The no-observed-adverse-effect limit was 5000 mg/Kg body weight/day.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: To assess the awareness, knowledge about refractive errors and strabismus among the general public in southern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Methods: A cross sectional population-based survey used a semi structured questionnaire on awareness, knowledge on refractive errors and strabismus done as part of knowledge, attitude and practices study (KAP). Stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used with a sample size of 867 adults- ≥16 years. Having heard of refractive error and strabismus was defined as awareness and having knowledge of the type of error for which spectacles were worn, was considered as knowledge. A pilot study was conducted to validate the questions used in the main study. Statistical package SPSS (version 19) was used for analysis to calculate logistic regression and odds ratios for gender, age, education and urban-rural areas. Results: A total of 782/867 (90.1%) subjects participated in the survey with females 47.4%. 581 subjects (74.3%) were aware of refractive error. 690 subjects (88.2%) were aware of squint. With multiple logistic regression about awareness of refractive error to various variables, subjects who were educated 11th class to degree had a higher awareness (OR: 2.40; CI: 1.25-4.60). With multiple logistic regression about awareness of squint to various variables, females had a higher awareness of squint (OR: 1.98; CI: 1.19-3.31). Conclusions: Awareness of squint and refractive error was high among the general public, but the knowledge of it was limited.

Srinivasa reddy pallerla

Penilaian autentik ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengetahuan guru serta menggambarkantugas-tugas riil bagi siswa untuk menghasilkan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan wawancara. Focus penelitian ini (1) bagaimana penilaian kompetensi sikap pada pembelajaran tematik di MI Darussalam 01 Bagon Puger Jember? (2) bagaimana penilaian kompetensi pengetahuan pada pembelajaran tematik di MI Darussalam 01Bagon Puger Jember?, (3) bagaimana penilaian kompetensi keterampilan pada pembelajaran tematik di MI Darussalam 01 Bagon Puger Jember? Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan: (a) penilaian kompetensi sikap meliputi sikap jujur dan disiplin, dimana mudah didalam teori, namun sulit untuk menerapkannya. Tergantung dari guru favorit masing-masing, proses pembelajaran tergantung pada materi pelajarannya, dan juga berkaitan dengan nilai atau norma. (b) Penilaian kompetensi pengetahuan, meliputi: tes tulis, tes lisan, dan penugasan, baik penugasan terstruktur dan tidak terstruktur. (c) Penilaian kompetensi keterampilan meliputi: penilaian kinerja, penilaian proyek, dan penilaian portofolio.

Educare: journal of primary education

Background: The deliberate postponement of significant academic assignments with due dates is known as academic procrastination. The undesirable habit known as procrastination is the inability to start or finish a task within the allotted time, which results in detrimental effects on students' future employment, as well as stress, guilt, poor academic achievement, and low self-esteem. Method: Descriptive Research design was adopted for a study to assess the Variables influencing Nursing students' Academic Procrastination at selected Nursing college of Bhopal, M.P. Sample size 60 B.Sc. Nursing students. Result: Result revealed that majority of students were females, 27 out of 60 were in age group of 20-21yeras, 25 (41.6%) were studying in B.Sc. N 3rd year. Most of students resided in Rural area (36), 54 out of 60 belong to nuclear family and 35 mothers of students were educated as compared to 51 fathers. The mean score and SD of influencing variables of academic procrastination were as follows Personal variable was 2.6 ± 0.48, Environmental 2.26 ± 0.71, and Academic was 1.78 ± 0.41. Majority of nursing students 39 (65%) were moderately affected by Personal variables, Environmental variables affected 23 (38%) students moderately and academic variables affected 17 (28%) students moderately. Only Personal factor had more effect on 5 students as compared to none in other two variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that Environmental and personal factor had more effect on Academic procrastination as compared to academic variables.

Dr k c yadav

Natural products the most significant source for pharmaceutical development have been investigated and utilized to alleviate diseases since early human history. Natural compounds from both terrestrial and marine organisms have been extensively used for the treatment of many diseases either in their natural form or as a template for synthetic modification. A variety of new chemical entities from natural resources at present are undergoing clinical trials. The government sector, industries and academic institutions also play an important role in the natural drug development for human health enhancement.

Dr. salman ahmed

Metformin, a widely prescribed biguanide for type 2 diabetes, has emerged as a promising candidate in skin cancer therapy due to its diverse anticancer mechanisms. Beyond its glucoselowering effects, metformin inhibits key oncogenic pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways, activates AMP-activated protein kinase, and disrupts mitochondrial complex I function. These mechanisms are presumed to contribute to metformin's antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects, potentially reducing tumor growth and metastasis in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Predictive molecular docking studies reveal that metformin interacts with critical proteins in melanoma pathophysiology. Against PI3K/mTOR (PDB: 5OQ4), PTPN2 (PDB: 7UAD), and TRIP13 (PDB: 5VQA), metformin exhibited docking scores of -4.4, -4.6, and -5.6 kcal/mol, respectively, interacting via hydrogen bonding with residues such as ASP-836, ASP-964 (5OQ4), ASP-50 (7UAD), and SER-187, SER-138 (5VQA). Compared to standard inhibitors, PQR309 (-9.4 kcal/mol), ABBV-CLS-484 (-7.5 kcal/mol), and ATP (-10.8 kcal/mol), metformin displayed moderate binding affinity, suggesting potential but weaker inhibition of these targets. Preclinical and clinical studies support metformin's potential to reduce skin cancer risk, particularly in diabetic patients. However, challenges regarding bioavailability, optimal dosing, and patient selection persist, necessitating further investigation. Therefore, given its affordability, safety, and multitargeted action, metformin represents an attractive candidate for repurposing in skin cancer pharmacotherapy. Focusing future research on optimizing its therapeutic application, refining drug combinations, and identifying biomarkers would enhance clinical outcomes.

Karishma

Potato starch extraction is a critical process with implications across various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and bioplastics. This review explores current techniques, challenges, and future opportunities in potato starch extraction. Traditional methods such as compression or wet grinding, enzymatic processes, and microwave-assisted extraction are examined for their efficiency, advantages, and limitations. The paper emphasizes the importance of quality control measures to ensure the purity and safety of the extracted starch. Critical quality control aspects include raw material inspection, monitoring during processing, purity and composition analysis, and adherence to national and international standards. Innovations in extraction methods, including enzymatic and green solvent extraction, ultrasonic and microwave-assisted techniques, and advancements in nanotechnology and biotechnological approaches, are highlighted as trends driving the industry towards greater sustainability and efficiency. The clean label movement also reflects a consumer-driven shift towards natural, minimally processed ingredients, influencing industry practices and regulatory compliance. The future of potato starch extraction holds significant promise, with the integration of sustainable practices and technological innovations to meet evolving market demands and regulatory standards, underscoring the need for continuous research and development in the field.

Dr. salman ahmed

The memory card game is a game that probably everyone played in childhood. The game consists of n pairs of playing cards, whereas each card of a pair is identical. At the beginning of the game, the deck of cards is shuffled and laid face down. In every move of the game, the player flips over two cards. If the cards match, the pair of cards is removed from the game; otherwise, the cards are flipped back over. The game ends when all pairs of cards have been found. The game could be played by one, two, or more players. First, this paper shows an optimal algorithm for solving a single-player memory card game. In the algorithm, we defined four steps where the user needed to remember the earlier shown pairs of cards, which cards were already shown, and the locations of the revealed cards. We marked the memories related to these steps as M1, M2, M3, and M4. Next, we made some simulations as we changed the M1, M2, M3, and M4 memories from no user memory (where the player does not remember the cards or pairs of cards at all) to a perfect user memory (where the player remembers every earlier shown card or pair of cards). With every memory setting, we simulated 1000 gameplays. We recorded how many cards or pairs of cards the player would need to remember and how many moves were required to finish the game. Finally, we evaluated the recorded data, illustrated the results on graphs, and drew some conclusions.

Ladislav végh

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is an advance application and thrust area of research. In the current research, the authors highlighted the technologies which are used in V2V communication systems. Advantage of such technology is that it helps to detect live location and tolling. It plays an important role if there are huge amount of traffic. The current research work can obtain more information about Li-Fi, RFID, VANET, and LORAWAN technology. Li-Fi is known as VLC communication system that uses visible light for high data transmission and reception. RFID technology helps the emergency vehicle to reach destination quickly by avoiding any kind of traffic. LORAWAN is a large-scale network technology with a long range and VANET with low power that allows to obtain accurate traffic information on each route and this saves time. The comparison between the different technologies is reviewed in order to obtain the optimized technology as per the applications.

Vartika agarwal

The decision of the government of India to allow foreign direct investment in higher education is based on a consultation paper prepared by the commerce ministry, which is marked by arguments, perverse logic and forced conclusions. FDI in any field does not have an attached objective of fulfilling social agenda of the welfare state. It is guided by profit and market. This would result in commoditization of education. As per past most foreign institutes invest in technical courses which market needs rather than in quality education and research which is important for creating and developing human resource. There is a shortage of funds in higher education sector. Here are not many ways in which this investment in this sector can be increased in this sector domestically. Since a large number of students go abroad for their higher education, it is sensible to allow foreign universities to set up their campuses here, in India. This would help in arresting the outflow of monetary and human capital. Further, foreign higher educational institutes would create competition with the local institutes making them internationally competitive this article examines the issues and financial compulsions, presented in the consultation paper

Dr gedam kamalakar

Objectives: Improper and inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the possible factors affecting the transmission of antibiotic resistance is Because Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most serious pathogenic bacteria in hospital environments and resistant It is an antibiotic that causes problems in treatment. This study aims to determine multiple resistances Pseudomonas has been treated with antibiotics, arsenic and metals. Materials and Methods: In this study, 23 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from clinical specimens. for review Resistance of these bacteria to penicillin antibiotics was used by Kirby-Bauer method. The minimum concentration C.I.M. (and minimum lethal concentrations (C.B.M.) of antibiotics and heavy metals (cadmium, mercury) and arsenate Tubal dilution, agar and growth were performed in agar plate, respectively. Results: In this study, the highest and lowest MIC values obtained in Pseudomonas aeruginosa for metals, respectively. * 8 and 3 cadmiums (0.6 and 4.9 μg / ml), mercury (<0.12 and 4 μg / ml) and arsenate (10 × were 256 μg / ml). Of 23 strains, 84% to the antibiotic carbonicillin, 63% to piperacillin and 100% to 103 Arsenic and cadmium were resistant. Also, 82.6% of the strains were resistant to mercury. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have multiple resistance to arsenic, metals and the antibiotics are car penicillin and piperacillin.

Amirhossein jahromi

Analgesic activity on two Cleome scaposa and Cleome brachycarpa by applying pressure-induced pain model

Dr. salman ahmed

Nilai-nilai Nasionalisme yang diterapkan peserta didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Maarif Condro Jember seringkali terkesan dikesampingkan. Hal ini dilihat dari kurangnya kesadaran peserta didik terhadap nilai moral dan Nasionalisme, seperti tidak mentaati peraturan sekolah, tidak menghargai teman, membolos, tidak mampu menghafal sila pancasila serta lagu Indonesia raya. Masih dijumpai peserta didik berperilaku dan bersikap belum baik atau masih rendah terhadap nilai-nilai nasionalisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) Strategi internalisasi nilai nasionalisme pada pembelajaran PPKN di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Maarif Condro Jember. 2) Penerapan nilai karakter nasionalisme yang dilakukan pada pembelajaran PPKN di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Maarif Condro Jember. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Strategi internalisasi nilai-nilai nasionalisme dalam pembelajaran PPKN ini adalah mamasukkan nilai-nilai nasionalisme dalam pembelajaran PPKN melalui pendekatan-pendekatan yang mampu diterima oleh peserta didik agar peserta didik bisa menjadi warga negara yang baik dan bisa memberikan kontribusi dalam memajukan bangsanya dimasa depan. 2) Penerapan nilai karakter nasionalisme dalam pembelajaran PPKN melalui mediator keteladanan guru dan kegiatan praktik langsung melalui pengalaman belajar seperti model pembelajaran, metode pembelajaran, bahan ajar, dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Perilaku berkarakter nasionalis yang diaktualisasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di sekolah oleh siswa yaitu disiplin, cinta tanah air, semangat kebangsaan, cinta damai, peduli lingkungan, menghargai prestasi, dan toleransi.

Educare: journal of primary education

This study explores the influence of education, length of service, professionalism, and ethics on the professional values of public relations practitioners in Malaysia. A total of 427 questionnaires were distributed to public relations practitioners in Malaysia, and 322 questionnaires were returned. The study included 61% female respondents, and 39% male respondents. The study analyzed and identified the influence of professionalism and ethics on professional values of public relations practitioners. Additionally, the study examined whether education and experience influence professional values through professionalism, and code of ethics. Six hypotheses were tested to answer the research questions. The results from this study fully supported the hypotheses indicating that professionalism and ethics had an influence on professional values of public relations practitioners. The results also showed that education influenced both professionalism and ethics, and length of service influenced both professionalism and ethical practice.

Mohammed fadel arandas