Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan muatan nilai-nilai karakter yang terdapat pada buku siswa kelas IV Tema Indahnya Kebersamaan. Sumber data penelitian adalah buku siswa kelas IV Tema Indahnya Kebersamaan. Data penelitian berupa nilai-nilai karakter yang terdapat pada buku siswa yaitu nilai sopan, nilai santun, nilai religius, nilai nasionalisme, nilai mandiri, nilai gotong royong, dan nilai integritas. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, jumlah nilai karakter yang ditemukan sebanyak 84. Jumlah tersebut merupakan akumulasi dari semua tema yang terdiri dari tiga subtema yaitu keberagaman budaya bangsaku, kebersamaan dalam keberagaman dan bersyukur atas keberagaman. Adapun rincian jumlah setiap karakter yaitu: (1) sopan 2; (2) santun 4; (3) religius 22; (4) nasionalisme 26; (5) mandiri 10; (6) gotong royong 19; dan (7) integritas 1. Berdasarkan hasil analisis muatan nilai-nilai karakter pada buku siswa kelas IV tema Indahnya Kebersamaan dapat disimpulkan bahwa buku siswa tema Indahnya Kebersamaan kelas IV SD/MI memuat 7 nilai karakter.

Educare: journal of primary education

в статье анализируются основные причины и критерии иностранных инвестиций, основная роль внедрения инновационных технологий в рыночную экономику. А также роль иностранных инвестиций в модернизацию экономики Узбекистана.

Ikboljon odashev mashrabjonovich

Today, the tourism industry has become richer and sophisticated. It involved various businesses and has given multiplier effect towards the society. One of dominant business activity in this sector is event management. It also touches various kind of business e.g. shopping center. Related to this, one of activity that has full support from the ministry of tourism in Indonesia is Culinary and Shopping Festival 2016. This event is being held from 27 September 2016 up to 27 October 2016 in many provinces in Indonesia. Data that is being collected to answer the research is being distributed to various visitors and specifically to student of UPH Medan. Hopefully from the data collection, the analysis will answer what kind of motives is to come to event. Whether the visitor coming for the culinary and shopping festival or for another event will be answered from the study. Therefore combining the data with how the tenant expectation can show the relationship between visitor motives and the festival.

L

Multimedia data encryption attempts to prevent unauthorized disclosure of confidential multimedia information in transit or storage. Security of multimedia files attracts more and more attention and many encryption methods have been proposed in literature. If we call a multimedia data stream (message) plaintext , the process of transforming the plaintext into unintelligible data stream is referred to as multimedia encryption (MME) where the encrypted message (data stream) is often named ciphertext. The process of transforming the ciphertext back into plaintext is termed decryption. We propose a new block cipher based on randomized key of size n × n where n is the block size and the block undergoes n 2 iterations with the plaintext. Every iteration generates the pseudo cipher text. The encryption process generate the ciphertext C with the help of the randomized key. The decryption apply the key in reverse order on the cipher text, to get back the plain text. This work deals with the problem of efficient multimedia data encryption.

S arul jothi

Geotextiles have been successfully used for reinforcement of soils to improve the bearing capacity. In this study geotextile as a tensional material have been used for reinforcement of granular soils. Laboratory California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were performed to investigate the load-penetration behavior of reinforced soils with geotextile. Samples of granular soil are selected and tested without reinforcement. Then CBR tests were performed by placing geotextile in one or two layers at various depths in soil sample. The effect of the number of geotextile on the increase in bearing capacity of reinforced granular soil is discussed.

Mayura

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) disproportionately affect conflict zones like Yemen, where diagnostic limitations persist. This meta-analysis evaluated the global prognostic utility of the red cell distribution width (RDW) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as predictors of CVD and aimed to establish region-specific thresholds for low-resource settings. Methods: Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines, we analyzed 75 prospective cohort studies (2014–2025) that included 201,604 adults from 142 countries. Random-effects models were used to pool hazard ratios (HRs) and the area under the curve (AUC). Results: NLR > 3.0 (HR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.8–2.7]) independently predicted an elevated CVD risk (p < 0> 14% was associated with increased CVD risk in unadjusted analyses (HR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.9–2.8]), this association became non-significant after adjusting for ferritin (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.98–1.07]). This indicates that RDW primarily reflects iron status, emphasizing the need to measure ferritin before attributing high RDW to CVD risk. The combined RDW + NLR showed superior discriminative power (AUC, 0.82 vs. 0.71–0.74 for individual markers). Subgroup analyses revealed higher NLR cutoffs (>3.8) in HIV-endemic African populations (reflecting chronic immune activation). Sensitivity analyses revealed attenuated NLR effects in rural populations (HR, 1.9) and non-significant RDW-CVD associations when adjusting for ferritin (HR, 1.02), highlighting contextual limitations. Conclusions: While NLR stands as an independent CVD predictor, RDW > 14% must be interpreted with concurrent ferritin measurement. This is crucial to avoid misattributing CVD risk in malnutrition-endemic regions, such as Yemen, where an RDW > 15% is common. The RDW primarily reflects iron status and requires iron-status validation, especially in these high-malnutrition areas. However, caution is warranted when generalizing findings to rural settings where the CVD burden is rising fastest, given the underrepresentation of rural populations (only 16% of included studies). We strongly recommend standardized automated hematology analyzers (k > 0.85).

Karishma

The international opioid crisis highlights the important role of pharmacists in prevention, using their availability and drug knowledge to prevent abuse. In this study, the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Mangalore pharmacists towards preventing opioid abuse were assessed. From February to March 2025, a cross-sectional survey was done among 203 pharmacists aged 18-46 years in Mangalore using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, and thematic analysis of qualitative feedback. Pharmacists showed high knowledge, with 93.6% identifying opioids' mechanism as binding to CNS receptors correctly, 78.8% identifying naloxone's role in reversing overdose, and 70.0% knowing prescription drug monitoring programs' usefulness. Attitudes were optimistic, with 92.6% considering patient education a primary responsibility, 92.1% identifying multiple visits to the pharmacy as misuse, and 93.1% supporting medication-assisted treatment. The practice was active, with 93.1% checking prescription drug monitoring programs for suspected misuse and 69.0% advising take-back programs, but 43.8% associated early refills with misuse. Mangalore pharmacists show strong knowledge, attitudes, and practice against opioid abuse, being very strong in education and medication-assisted treatment support but having voids in misuse detection (for example, recognition of early refill) and naloxone confidence. Stronger training, better prescription drug monitoring program access, and policy adjustments can enhance their role in India's opioid strategy. Pharmacists are presented as front-line champions of opioid misuse prevention in this study, with implications for localized harm reduction.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Wilsons disease is a rare inherited disorder which is characterized by impaired copper excretion which leads to excessive deposition of copper in many tissues and organs like brain, liver, and eye. This is also characterized by Kaiser-Fleischer ring, low serum ceruloplasmin levels and elevated urinary copper excretion [1]. A 26year male patient came to the neurology department with chief complaints of involuntary tremors of both hands and difficulty in walking in the last one month associated with swaying to one side in the last 20 days. On examination the patient is having Kaiser-Fleisher ring positive and upon further investigation Magnetic resonance imaging brain was performed which revealed the features in favor of Wilson’s disease. And for this condition the patient is treated with chelating agents and benzodiazepines. Key words: Wilson’s Disease, Kaiser- Fleisher ring, Chelating agents

Dr venkata rama rao nallani

Vaccines avoid many illnesses and save many lives every year. As a result of common vaccine use, the smallpox virus has entirely been eradicated and the occurrence of measles, polio and other childhood diseases have considerably been abridged around the world. Classical vaccine strategies, for instance inactivated pathogen, live attenuated and subunit vaccines, offer strong protection against diversity of hazardous diseases. In spite of this achievement, there remain chief obstacles to vaccine development against a diversity of infectious pathogens, part-icularly those better able to avoid the adaptive immune response. Furthermore, for most emer-ging virus vaccines, the main barrier is not the efficiency of usual approaches but the requirements for more rapid development and large-scale use. Nucleic acid therapeutics have appeared as hopeful option to classical vaccine approaches.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Aminopyrine (AM) has been used as a model substrate for investigation of drug metabolism. The major metabolic route is N-demethylation that was confirmed in liver microsomes. The aim of the present study was to identify the human cytochrome P-450 enzyme (CYP) mediating the N-demethylation of 4-di-methylaminoantipyrine (4-DMAA) to 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAA). The contribution of human CYP to the metabolism of (4-DMAA) to (4-MAA) in human was investigated using virus expressed human CYP, human liver microsomes with chemical inhibition studies. The substrate of 4-dimethylaminantipyrine was employed at different concentrations (11.5, 23, 46, 115 and 230 µmol per l) with varying concentrations of selective inhibitors of CYP (CYP1A2), (CYP3A4), (CYP2C8),(CYP2A6), (CYP2D6), (CYP2C19) and (CYP1A1). 4-DMAA and 4-MAA were analysed by HPLC and enzyme kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) were calculated from the concentration data. The transformation of 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine to 4-methyaminoantipyrine by microsomes prepared from baculovirus-expressed human CYP was pronounced with CYP2D6. The metabolism of 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine was inhibited by 60.0% and 55.17% by a concentration of 100 µmo per l of the known CYP2D6 inhibitors quinidine and moclobemide. The corresponding Ki values were 0.050 and 0.11 mM, respectively. The corresponding IC50 values were 0.06 and 0.13 mM, respectively. The enzyme CYP2D6 apparently has an important role in N-demethyl-ation of 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

In recent years, the educational landscape has changed drastically with increased connectivity and technology that promotes outside-the-box thinking and innovation. Classrooms at all levels are evolving to meet this "new normal" through virtual lessons, smart technology in schools and online access for students and parents an individual possession of knowledge, skills and experience through education certainly transforms the nature’s endowed resources as marketable products/services with ‘economic value’ is termed as human capital and knowledge economy. Enhance and enrich of human capital fillips nation’s sound and health economy is the rationale of education. Education thrives to (a) educate, enlighten and encourage teaching, (b) input of understanding and (c) spirit and urge true facts. Education policy needs a clear-cut and transparency to lead in commercialisation and determination of values and proactive to the market logic. The great challenges accompany have been thoroughly exposed in recent periods through Covid-19 crisis. Interaction and integration with the economy of the rest of Worlds Counties, has now become a new emerging facet to bring out a unifying roof of the whole-teaching contents and methodology to attain the socio-economic development. To become a world-class academic institute heavily depends upon the committed faculty, quality infrastructures, supportive administration, and learning environment. Last but not least is the hardworking and brilliance or vividness is the foremost factor of promising among the young students. The corporate philanthropy to higher education is the call of the day to ensure trueness of education system for urging the prime goal of socio-economic development. This study focuses on the emerging trends in Indian higher education.

Dr gedam kamalakar

For a long time, cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of death worldwide. Machine learning has found significant usage in the medical field as it can find patterns in data. Classification models can help cardiologists to diagnose heart diseases and minimize misdiagnosis accurately. In this paper, we explored a dataset related to heart disease and compared the accuracy of 43 machine learning classification models. The dataset for this research was downloaded from Kaggle; it contained 1190 observations, 11 features (age, sex, chest pain type, resting blood pressure, serum cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, resting electrocardiogram results, maximum heart rate achieved, exercise induced angina, oldpeak, the slope of the peak exercise ST segment) and a binary target variable (no heart disease or observed cardiovascular disease). For data exploration, preprocessing, training, testing, and predictor importance analysis, we used MATLAB R2004a software and the Classification Learner app included in this software. Before training machine learning classification models, we divided the dataset into a training set (90% of observations) and a test set (10% of observations). To prevent overfitting during the training of classification models, 10-fold cross-validation was used. The result showed that the best accuracy was reached with an optimized ensemble classification model (validation accuracy: 0.9262 and test accuracy: 0.9580). After calculating the permutation importance of each feature, we observed that the most important feature among all 11 features was the slope of the peak exercise ST segment.

Ladislav végh

Introduction: The right lung has two fissures, an oblique and a horizontal, dividing it into three lobes namely the upper, middle, and lower. The nature of the fissure is of great importance in planning operative strategy for thoracoscopic pulmonary resection where an the incomplete fissure may contribute to post-operative air leakage Aim: To assess the gross morphological features of the right lung with special emphasis on the completeness of horizontal fissure. Material & Method: Material for the present study comprised of right lungs obtained from 50 well-embalmed adult human cadavers of both the sexes dissected as a part of 1 MBBS curriculum in the Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. Results: Horizontal fissure was found to be complete in only 10% of the lungs while in rest 90% it was either incomplete or absent. Conclusion: Inferable from the huge variation in nonappearance or partial appearance of horizontal fissure in the right lung and to the absence of an acceptable classification of fissures, an endeavor has been made to give one such classification. In like manner, the horizontal fissure is evaluated from Grade zero to IV contingent on its absence and profundity from coastal surface to the hilum. Each evaluation is additionally divided into 3 subgrades relying on the culmination or incompleteness of these fissures with respect to their length.

Dr kulbir kaur

Aging seldom comes alone and it is considered to be the major factor for many diseases and comorbidities and disabilities. The objectives of the study are to examine demographic characteristics and prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy of elderly patients who were admitted at Sebha Medical Center according to the selected period. This study is descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in Sebha during 2021. From 195 participants of the study, the highest rate of patients was from the age group of 65 - 74 years which accounted for 86 participants (44%) and followed by those age group of 75 - 84 years which was reported by 65 participants (33%). The majority of elderly patients have hypertension, (n = 116, 59%) and over one-third of the patients (n = 73, 37%) have diabetes mellitus while nearly one-quarter of patients have both diseases at the same time (n = 47, 24%). Nearly, three-quarters of patients have electrolytes imbalance (n = 142, 72%). Nearly, two-thirds of the patients had three to five comorbidity diseases (n = 122, 63%). Whereas, over one-third of the patients had just one or two comorbidities (n = 70, 36%). Almost all the participants have polypharmacy (n = 187, 96%). Just above half of the patients have five - ten medications (n = 100, 51%) compared with 45% of the patients from those who have more than ten medications (n = 87). This study showed that there is a strong relationship between the prevalence of polypharmacy and the number of comorbidities. A Spearman correlation test indicated that rate of comorbidities was related to polypharmacy with a significant correlation (P < 0.01). The present study found high prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy among elderly inpatients. Based on this high prevalence, practicing pharmaceutical care could play an effective role to reduce the risk of inappropriate polypharmacy among hospitalized elderly patients through encouraging clinical pharmacist to engage in clinical activities in hospitals.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This study's objective was to determine the distribution of allele frequencies of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms among the Papuan population, known as the second-largest ethnic group in Indonesia. According to recent research, there is a decrease in CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 produced by humans globally, including in Indonesia. These gene polymorphisms aid in the transmission of various endogenous and exogenous drugs in the human body. Material and Methods: A sum of 99 subjects, comprising 73 male and 26 female subjects aged 20-30 years, were used for this research. PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis using AvaII, NsiI, and SfaNI enzymes tested for the genotypes CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 administered. The distribution of genotypes was calculated in the population (P<0.05) using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University's Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee (MHREC) accepted this research with written consent. The results revealed that in Papua subjects, CYP2C9*2 (rs1799853) and CYP2C19*17 (rs12248560) alleles were absent while in 17 percent of the population CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910) allele frequency was. In conclusion, CYP2C9*3 has the highest polymorphism rate in Indonesia, with the absence of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C19*17. Therefore, genetic drift can occur within this ethnic group.

Syahrul tuba

Lymphoma, the most common form of blood cancer, affects primarily the intricate network of tissues and organs known as the lymphatic system. Globally, it ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Although conventional therapies have led to significant advancements, they are accompanied by adverse side effects and present challenges in cases of multidrug resistance, refractory patients, and relapses. This highlights a pressing need for innovative treatment approaches. Extensive research on the anti-lymphoma properties of natural compounds has particularly focused on marine organisms as valuable sources for potential medicinal agents. Among these, anticancer peptides have garnered attention due to their multiple beneficial effects against cancer, coupled with reduced toxicity to normal cells. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-lymphoma effects of marine peptides, examining the diverse pathways through which these peptides impact physiological processes. Key effects include modulation of cell viability, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, antimitotic activity, immunotherapeutic properties, disruption of mitochondrial function and induction of oxidative stress, cancer cell membrane destruction, and interference with microtubule stability. The review also highlights the antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) derived from marine peptides and their synergistic effects with other anti-lymphoma medications. This knowledge should inspire future study and development of these prospective therapeutic modalities and hasten the investigation and creation of novel lymphoma remedies derived from marine sources.

Dr. salman ahmed

The purpose of this study is to evaluate activities of the corporate citizens in Tanzania and find the best way of aligning CSR initiatives to attain mutual benefits between the organizations and general public. A total of 45 organizations, both for profit and not for profit, were engaged in this study from four different industries. The study used semi-structured interview guide to collect data and a focused group discussion was organized. Contents analysis was used to categorize the responses into five major themes, as discussed in the main document. The findings reveal that CSR is still at its initial stage and much has to be done for the corporations to draw the best out it. Keywords Strategic CSR Value Organization and Society

Dr. omary swallehe

: Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities of the methanol extract of two varieties of Cicer arietinum viz black or Desi and white or Kabuli were tested in 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. For the analgesic effect of the extracts, acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion and hot plate tests were employed in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats, whereas the diuretic action was determined using metabolic cages for rats. Animals were divided into six groups (n=7): (1) Control (2) Standard (3) MECAB 200 (4) MECAB 400 (5) MECAW 200 (6) MECAW 400. All extracts and standard drugs were administered orally. Acute oral toxicity of the extracts was also checked in mice up to 2000mg/kg dose, which showed a favorable safety. Significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were observed. The results of diuretic activity were significant at the 12th and 24th hrs. Therefore, it is concluded that the methanol extracts of the seeds of Cicer arietinum have analgesic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic potential.

Dr. salman ahmed

Self-medication of antibiotics is an irrational use of drugs, contributing to microbial resistance, increasing health care cost and higher mortality and morbidity. This study was aimed to assess self-medication with antibiotics without a medical prescription in the community of Libya. This is a cross-sectional study conducted from June to December, 2022 and the total number of participants was 200. The design of the study and sample size were modified according to the proficiency of pharmacists and the medical and non-medical population of Libya. The questionnaire was developed in English and Arabic language and was distributed through social media platforms. The questions were used after a thorough literature search and assessing the validity and reliability. The significant signs regarding reasons for the treatment by self-medication drugs of antibiotics, because of its various drugs of antibiotic by pharmacist (n = 80, 40.0%) and family (n = 90, 45.0%) compare with experience and physicians by used prescription was 13 (06.50%) and significant sings regarding by nasal congestion self-medication of various antibiotics (n = 100, 50.0%). This sign must be practiced based on a previous physician’s prescription. The antibiotics are often self-administered as patient feel that they will save money and time but this can lead to substantial adverse drug reaction, antibiotic resistance, treatment failure and drug-related toxicity. This study respondent's medical and non-medical public of Libya who should be relatively informed and educated about the risk of treatment by self-medication of antibiotics with the development of resistance.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are infections that patients acquire while receiving treatments for other conditions. Studies have shown that stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers can act as potential sources of these infections in patients accessing treatment in healthcare facilities. This study aimed to increase awareness among health workers in Nigeria of the potentials of stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers to transmit HAIs. Methods: Moist swab sticks were used to collect samples from 38 randomly selected stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers from some departments of four district hospitals. Collected samples were cultured using standard microbiological techniques. In addition, self-designed questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and practice of doctors and nurses on the roles of stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers in HAIs. Results: About 83.8% of the health workers demonstrated some awareness of the roles of stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers in HAIs. 42.5% cleaned their stethoscopes, while 5% their sphygmomanometers. Staphylococcus aureus, (65.9% of stethoscopes), proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (67.6% of sphygmomanometers), Streptococcus and Coliform species were isolated. There was no significant difference between the contamination of stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers by the isolates, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (t=3.49, p=0.04). Conclusions: Awareness did not match practice in cleaning the stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers in the four facilities. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the two most common organisms isolated with a significant difference (t=3.49, p=0.04) between stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers in isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To curb HAIs, health workers need to improve on their practice of cleaning stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers.

Emmanuel umegbolu