We exist in a conscious experience of life that is transitive and moment-by-moment, yet significant enough non-zero-time latencies exist across the visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems that transduction and processing do not take place instantly. This paper attempts to examine these non-zero-time latencies to resolve the conflict, ultimately suggesting that instead of consciousness accessing an external world, it accesses a high-fidelity bioelectric representation of the external world generated during this pre-conscious time interval. This external representation is the byproduct of Default Space Theory (DST), which indicates that oscillatory movements of the brain and body form a continuous three-dimensional "default space" over time. The default space exists as we exist, separately. Our external inputs from the retina, cochlea, and dermis "clothing" the default internal configuration occur via phase-locked neural oscillations over time, which occur at significant non-zero latencies. For example, the earliest cortical stages for auditory and tactile processing occurs at ~10–20ms, while the olfactory and visual features of stimuli occur at ~50–70ms. This doesn't mean we're perceiving them in time; it's quite the opposite. We're not perceiving in time because the default space is so well-templated all at once that somehow, the brain must erase this time interval and use the integrated multisensory processing to update continuously. Thus, we need to redefine consciousness as this continuously updated internal projection of externalized realities instead of an experience of what's outside.

Genesis scientific publications

Abstract: Recent studies on hydrogels have shown them as promising biomaterials for numerous applications involving tissue engineering, drug-screening, drug-delivery, and 3-D bioprinting because they show unique physicochemical properties. The ability of these structures to hold large amounts of water is because of their hydrophilic nature that provides a soft and hydrated environment like natural tissues. This makes them ideal for mimicking the extracellular matrix and supporting cell growth and proliferation. In tissue engineering, hydrogels might be used to create scaffolds that promote cell growth and facilitate tissue regeneration. Hydrogels can also be engineered in such a way that they intimate the mechanical and biochemical in vivo characteristics making them a versatile tool for applications in tissue engineering. Hydrogels are being used in drug screening, as they can be functionalized with different biochemicals in order to match the microenvironment of specific tissues. This allows researchers to study how drugs interact with cells and tissues in-vitro conditions, which can lead to more efficient strategies for drug development. For applications in drug delivery hydrogels are designed to release drugs in a sustainable and controlled way, improving the drug efficacy and reducing the toxicity of drugs. Designing can also be done in a way that they can target specific tissues and cells making them a promising tool for personalized medicine. Hydrogels are being used in 3-D bioprinting, where they serve as bio-inks that can be fabricated into complex structures with high precision. In comparison to conventional technologies, this is a promising technique that allows the construction of complex three-dimensional structures in a sequential manner by a computeraided system. One major challenge in bioprinting is finding such material that is suitable for printing and also satisfies the mechanical strength requisite for tissue engineering applications. That is where hydrogels serve as the most appropriate model and have encouraging or favorable operation potential as cell-affable materials. This technique has revolutionized tissue engineering by allowing researchers to create functional tissues and organoids and spheroids. Overall, hydrogel-based tissue engineering, drug screening, drug delivery, and 3D bioprinting are exciting areas of research with great potential to significantly impact different areas of medicine and biology.

Deepika pal

Mutual fund investment specifically in India and particularly in western Maharashtra is a very challenging aspect. This paper aims to study various factors influencing the investor’s choice of mutual fund, criteria for selecting particular scheme, previous performance of Mutual fund asset Management Company and services provided by them. Similarly Investor education and awareness. To have the competitive advantage proactive steps taken by the Asset management companies would be beneficial like proper financial planning guidelines, providing information pertaining to Net asset value, benchmark indices, analysing purchase decision involvement of the investors and very importantly understanding the risk averse behaviour of the investors and adequate and reliable information about the scheme.Understanding investor behaviour, specifically information search and Processing behaviour of mutual fund schemes is instrumental for effective marketing. Perhaps very few researchers have focused on investor behavioural finance. It is complex set of understanding pertaining to investor psychology; various parameters guiding principles and risk averse capability of the investor dynamically guide the behaviour. Mutual fund companies while promoting the products and marketing need to consider these several influencing parameters so as to effectively cater to the needs of the investor which would truly win the customers and enhance customer confidence and trust.Risk aversion behaviour is also the key to understand the investor risk appetite behaviour in terms of conservative or aggressive investor measuring various demographic and psychographic metrics that play a crucial role to predict and understand the likely behaviour.

Nitin mali

During the last two decades, the concept of Fibre Metal Laminates (FMLs) has been evolved to find solution to the requirement of improving mechanical properties and reducing structural weight of elemental components of aircraft structures. In this work FML is prepared using Al 2024 by placing alternately with glass/carbon/aramid Fibres. From experimental results of FML shows greater advantage in mechanical properties then aluminium monolithic layer and this composite fibre laminates individual. The FMLs tested in this work were made of 3 layers of 2024 T3 aluminium alloy 0.28 mm thickness and fibre mats. The 5-3/2 laminates of size 300x300 mm with 3 mm thick were prepared using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) in cold compaction and test specimen were cut by using abrasive water jet machining as per ASTM Standards. The adhesion between fibre and metal layer will play a major role in strength of FML. By keeping this in consideration FMLs were prepared without blow holes and capable of withstanding delamination while preparing specimens through water jet and during various tests employed. The fracture surfaces of destructed specimens are studied with help Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image. Similarly, the numerical simulation of all the tests were done using Ansys APDL 10.0 Software. It is observed that aramid FML have substantially stronger in longitudinal directions. Hence, more priority given in this paper to investigate tensile strength and fatigue life of aramid FML.

Boopathy govindarajan

Over the previous many years, India has taken a few While India has done well in guaranteeing access steps to accomplish its objectives towards universalization and universalisation of pre-essential, essential and of instruction. Past training changes, supported by auxiliary schooling, it is falling behind in numerous focal and state government plans and approaches, boundaries, for example, nature of instructing learning have helped in advancing access and value results, enrolments in advanced education and the and inch nearer to the predefined 2030 targets. Nature of abilities granted to its childhood. While free intercessions in the space of financing, development and innovation have been seen before, a durable methodology embracing each of the three switches are, numerous a period, missing in framework wide mediations. This paper examines key arrangements across these three switches that hold critical guarantee for India and gives proposals to states and different entertainers to accomplish 2030goals by utilizing these arrangements in a brought together way.

Dr gedam kamalakar

The utilization of traditional medicine (TM) is prevalent among the general population in Africa; however, its use among individuals with diabetes in the region remains underdocumented. This review aimed to synthesize the available literature to identify the prevalence and predictors of TM use among persons with diabetes in Africa. A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and AMED, covering studies published from 2000 to April 2023. Of 1560 records identified, 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of TM use varied significantly, ranging from 12.4% to 77.1%, with a median prevalence of 50%. TM was commonly used concurrently with conventional medicine (CM) (35.4–88.4%), with a majority (63.8–91.3%) not disclosing TM use to healthcare providers. Female gender, long diabetes duration, use of oral antiglycaemic medication and family history of diabetes emerged as the most common factors that predicted the use of TM. This review highlights the widespread use of TM among individuals with diabetes in Africa, often in conjunction with CM. The high prevalence of undisclosed TM use emphasizes the urgent need for healthcare providers to actively inquire about TM use during clinical consultations to address potential herb–drug interactions and adverse effects.

Emmanuel ekpor

Tuberculosis is communicable disease which is common and often deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem in the world. The aim of this study is to assess prevalence and associated risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment and development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were also considered. Drugs for Pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed cases used in calculating tuberculosis prevalence in Libya which is obtained from archive department of Abu Seta Hospital. Data obtained from 427 files during 2019 determine the incidence and epidemiology of tuberculosis in Libya. For a total of 427 confirmed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, about 75.0% of the cases were male and most of the patients (55.0%) were within the age group of 20 - 40 years old. Of the study patients, 114 patients (26.7%) were viral infected and most of the viral infected cases were in the age group of 20 - 40 years and the majority of this age group patients (n = 41, 53.2%) were infected with HIV/HCV, while the least percentage in this group age were infected with HIV/HBsAg (01.3%). Among 427 cases, 73 cases (17.1%) were comorbid with other chronic diseases. Of the 73 cases, 54 cases (74.0%) were diabetes mellitus whereas only 1.4% of them had bronchial asthma, Parkinsonism and renal failure. The drug therapy of active tuberculosis disease needs combination chemotherapy to escape the selection of naturally occurring drug-resistant mutants. Amongst current anti tuberculosis drugs, the rifamycins hold the highest potential for shortening treatment and improving effects. Prevalence of smear positive tuberculosis and bacteriologically confirmed that a high rate of tuberculosis among unemployed population. This study reported that the highest incidence rate is found in people who are smokers.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: Effective disinfection protocols are crucial in healthcare and pharmaceutical settings to mitigate infection and cross-contamination risks, especially with a growing immunocompromised population. Disinfectant efficacy varies, and understanding microbial resistance profiles is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the differential efficacy of ethanol (ET), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and a peracetic acid-hydrogen peroxide (PA+HP) blend against diverse microbial forms (bacterial spores, fungal spores, and vegetative yeast cells) and to analyze differences in susceptibility. Methods: The efficacy of ET, IPA, and PA+HP was evaluated against Bacillus subtilis (bacterial spores), Aspergillus niger (fungal spores), Candida albicans, and Kocuria rosea (vegetative yeast cells). Logarithmic reduction (LR) values from 10 replicates per group were analyzed using nonparametric (Friedman test with Dunn’s post-hoc) and two-way omnibus tests. Results: The Friedman test revealed significant differences across microbial groups (p < 0.0001). B. subtilis showed maximal susceptibility (LR = 6.70 ± 0.00), while A. niger exhibited minimal susceptibility (LR = 3.77 ± 0.21). ET outperformed IPA against C. albicans (LR = 5.43 vs. 4.91, p = 0.0232). The microbial group accounted for 92.36% of the variance (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Microorganism-specific disinfection strategies were emphasized by the findings. A routine disinfectant evaluation program is crucial to mitigate microbial infection and crosscontamination risk in healthcare settings. The study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate disinfectants based on microbial resistance profiles.

Karishma

Toxicity of different insecticides was evaluated against 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera under laboratory conditions by leaf dipping method. The insecticides viz., thiodicarb 75WP, novaluron 10EC, spinetroam 11.7EC, indoxacarb 15.8EC, quinalphos 25EC, rynaxypyr 18.5SC, emamectin benzoate 5SG and cypermethrin 25EC were tested. Spinetoram was found most effective in managing the 2nd instar larvae of H. armigera and it was followed by novaluron 10EC and indoxacarb 15.8EC as compared to cypermethrin 25EC. Emamectin benzoate 5SG @ 1 x 10-7 to 1 x 10-9 per cent concentrations recorded 100% mortality against 2nd instar larvae and LC50 values for 3rd instar larvae was 0.00000000045%. Insecticides novaluron 10EC, spinetoram 11.7EC and cypermethrin 25EC did not show promising and consistent results against 3rd instar larvae of H. armigera at 24 hrs. The LT50 of novaluron 10EC at 0.00005% concentration was 19.861 hrs and it was 28.144 hrs at 0.000001% against 2nd instar larvae of H. armigera

Dr. babu lal jat

The blunted nose cone with and without a sharp aerospike and an aerodisk of various diameters and lengths are investigated numerically in detail in the current study at a hypersonic Mach number of 10. The aerodisk diameter is described as d/D ratios such as 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6, and the length of the aerospike is represented as the L/D ratio of 1, 1.5 and 2. The main objective of the research is to examine the aerodynamic properties of blunt noses with and without aerodisks and aerospikes, as well as the influence of shock production over the model. The design of blunted nose cones with aerodisk was made up using CATIA and numerical investigation was performed on the ANSYS Fluent. The turbulence model of SST k-omega was considered for study. The current study revealed that shock patterns drastically varied nearer to the nose cone model at L/D ratio 2 and variation of drag reduction occurred due to the increase in d/D ratio and aerospike and also flow pattern over the model was clearly investigated.

Boopathy govindarajan

Justicia carnea, a plant rich in bioactive compounds, has traditionally been used as a haemoglobin booster by herbal practitioners in rural areas of Edo State of Nigeria. In this study, the methanol leaves extract of Justicia carnea was investigated for its antisickling potential in hemoglobin SS (HbSS) in-vitro by sodium metabisulphite assay and characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids were present except tannins. Photomicrograph examinations revealed a reduction of sickle cells with a percentage decrease from 37.50%, and 22.22% down to 3.85% with 100 mg/mL crude extract of Justicia carnea at three durations, respectively. Detected compounds from Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry included hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (Retention time (Rt): 21.46, 05.99%) and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (Rt: 23.567, 02.59%) while the major constituent was phytol (Rt: 23.741, 67.28%). While kaempferol (Rt: 17.23, 16.72%) was the major component from High-Performance Liquid Chromatography quantification among resveratrol (Rt: 3.7, 13.85%), gallic acid (Rt: 5.88, 3.55%), Justicinol (Rt: 11.85, 01.34%) and phytic acid (Rt 5.06, 01.43 %). These compounds have been cited as physiological agents that reduce inflammation, and oxidative stress and potentially prolong the lifespan of cells across species. The antisickling results from this study corroborate and support the traditional use of the plant in treating patients with sickle cell anemia.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This study explores the influence of education, length of service, professionalism, and ethics on the professional values of public relations practitioners in Malaysia. A total of 427 questionnaires were distributed to public relations practitioners in Malaysia, and 322 questionnaires were returned. The study included 61% female respondents, and 39% male respondents. The study analyzed and identified the influence of professionalism and ethics on professional values of public relations practitioners. Additionally, the study examined whether education and experience influence professional values through professionalism, and code of ethics. Six hypotheses were tested to answer the research questions. The results from this study fully supported the hypotheses indicating that professionalism and ethics had an influence on professional values of public relations practitioners. The results also showed that education influenced both professionalism and ethics, and length of service influenced both professionalism and ethical practice.

Mohammed fadel arandas

Objectives: Improper and inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the possible factors affecting the transmission of antibiotic resistance is Because Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most serious pathogenic bacteria in hospital environments and resistant It is an antibiotic that causes problems in treatment. This study aims to determine multiple resistances Pseudomonas has been treated with antibiotics, arsenic and metals. Materials and Methods: In this study, 23 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from clinical specimens. for review Resistance of these bacteria to penicillin antibiotics was used by Kirby-Bauer method. The minimum concentration C.I.M. (and minimum lethal concentrations (C.B.M.) of antibiotics and heavy metals (cadmium, mercury) and arsenate Tubal dilution, agar and growth were performed in agar plate, respectively. Results: In this study, the highest and lowest MIC values obtained in Pseudomonas aeruginosa for metals, respectively. * 8 and 3 cadmiums (0.6 and 4.9 μg / ml), mercury (<0.12 and 4 μg / ml) and arsenate (10 × were 256 μg / ml). Of 23 strains, 84% to the antibiotic carbonicillin, 63% to piperacillin and 100% to 103 Arsenic and cadmium were resistant. Also, 82.6% of the strains were resistant to mercury. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have multiple resistance to arsenic, metals and the antibiotics are car penicillin and piperacillin.

Amirhossein jahromi

Abstract---In contemporary society, most females are deprived of proper education, healthcare, job opportunities, etc., to uphold family customs, patriarchal dominance, and occasionally negligence towards the feminine gender. According to researchers, gender inequalities in health care, especially in eye care, are evident between accessing the care and getting treatment in developing countries. Therefore, we aim to measure the gender-wise eye-care follow-up regularity in accessing long-term glaucoma consultation among various age groups with a sample size of 564 in Delhi-NCR, India. The age groups (in years) are 15-29 (Group I), 30-44 (Group II), 45-59 (Group III), 60-74 (Group IV), and 75 and above (Group V). Groups I to V show, intragroup males have higher odds of getting regular eyecare by 20% (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.413 to 3.4871), 2.08% (OR 1.0208, 95% CI 0.4637 to 2.2472), 3.4% (OR 1.034, 95% CI 0.6369 to 1.6787), 8.46% (OR 1.0846, 95% CI 0.6783 to 1.7344), and 45.83% (OR 1.4583, 95% CI 0.4575 to 4.6484) respectively. The probable causes of gender-wise irregularity are lack of seriousness, financial limitations, dependency, loneliness due to widowhood, etc. To make eye-care services equally accessible to everyone, healthcare agencies should first take various progressive policies to overcome gender-wise socio-economic barriers.

Dr. ashwani kumar ghai

In the article first assesses the potential distribution in Eurasia of Neodiprion abietis (Harris, 1841) first time assessed. The species id a widely distributed in North America fir and spruce defoliator, intercepted in 2016 in the Netherlands. Analysis of the literature data on the known distribution and host plants of the species is given. Insufficient data for ecological modeling is shown, which causes a high degree of uncertainty in assessment of potential range. The results of modeling the potential range of the species using several algorithms are presented. The reliability of the obtained models and the importance of bio-climatic environmental variables for species distribution are assessed.

Svedbergopen

Gingivitis, a reversible inflammation of the gums leads to an advancement to periodontitis, a more severe and often irreversible stage characterized by the destruction of connective tissue and bone, potentially leading to tooth loss. This study was designed to develop and evaluate muco-adhesive buccal films containing metronidazole for localized treatment of periodontal disease, aiming to reduce systemic side effects and improve therapeutic efficacy. Thin films were prepared using chitosan as the primary polymer, combined with various copolymers (HPMC, MC, EC, PVP, HPC, and Carbopol) via the solvent casting technique. Thirteen formulations (F1-F13) were investigated for their ability to control the in vitro drug release, surface pH, folding endurance, drug content uniformity, and muco-adhesion, in addition to studying drug release kinetics. Formulations F12 (60.0% HPMC, 20.0% chitosan) and F13 (20.0% HPMC, 60.0% chitosan) showed optimal surface pH (≈6.7-7.0) with high muco-adhesion characteristics (49-51 Mn/m). Sustaining or expediting the drug release rate was manipulated by tailoring the polymer composition within the studied formulations. Examining drug release data has shown that the release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, indicating diffusion and polymer relaxation mechanisms. The study demonstrates that polymer selection, in addition to the chosen ratio allows customization of release kinetics, Formulation F9 (20.0% HPC, 60.0% Chitosan) was proven to have the ability to provide the most sustained release characteristics. These findings support the potential of chitosan-based muco-adhesive films as effective localized delivery systems for metronidazole in periodontal therapy.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This proposed work is used to optimize the costs of exceptional elements of machine cells for a variety of components in changing environments to have reduced material movements in cell layout. The exceptional ele¬ments are eliminated in the optimization model by doing machine duplication and part subcontract. Then the shop floor layout is designed to have optimized material movements between cells and within a cell. The result of a linear programming optimization model is cost savings, machines duplicated, parts subcon¬tracted, inter intracellular movements. Finally, the output of the inbound facility design is the floor layout which has machine cell clusters with optimized floor areas. The optimization model is provided with budg¬etary constraints for duplication and the economic tradeoff between machine duplication and part subcontract. Cell layout is prepared to reveal the saving in floor area and material movement lengths than in process layout with the help of distance matrix and dimensions of cells.

S ramesh

India is a diverse land with a population of approximately 1.3 billion,1 placing India at the second position in the world in terms of population. Among these, Seventh-day Adventists' existence, as per the statistics of 2019, is 1.14 million.2 India is a richly diverse community, inclosing a diverse range of ethnic groups, each, not just different, but on occasion quite the opposite. The present population of the country can be divided among four racial groups: Negritos, proto-Australoid, the Mongoloids, and the Mediterranean.34 These racial groups today majorly fall in different ethnic groups based on their linguistic classifications. They are Indo-Aryan (78.05 percent), Dravidian (19.64 percent), and the remaining 2.31 percent of the population segregated among Austroasiatic (Mon-Khmer), Sino-Tibetan, and Tai-Kadai.5 This ethnic diversity can be easily seen within the Adventist church too.

Santosh kumar

Metformin is considered the first-line treatment as a monotherapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Emerging evidence suggests that metformin may have a renoprotective role; therefore, understanding the impact of metformin dose and therapy duration on renal function may significantly improve renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients. This study aims to investigate the renoprotective effects of metformin by analyzing its dose-dependent impacts on the estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used from September 2022 to October 2023. Data from 302 type 2 diabetes patients were collected from patient files at the Benghazi Diabetic Center and the Aljabal Al-Alkdar Diabetic Center, including all with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on varying doses of metformin. The collected data included age, gender, metformin dose, duration of metformin therapy, urea, and creatinine. Exclusion criteria included patients with significant comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (other than diabetic nephropathy), liver disease, heart failure, or malignancy; those taking nephrotoxic medications; individuals with recent acute illnesses or surgical procedures; pregnant or lactating women; participants with inadequate medical records; and patients who were non-adherent to metformin therapy. Survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of different metformin doses on the estimated glomerular filtration rate. The study analyzed 302 diabetic patients, of whom 46.0% were male and 54.0% were female. The age was 58.3±11.9 years. The HbA1c was 7.7%±1.3%. The duration of diabetes was 11.4±8.1 years. The creatinine was 1.0±0.9 mg/dL, and the urea was 36.7±23.8 mg/dL. Data analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in survival distribution across the dose groups. Different metformin doses significantly impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate, suggesting that dosage plays a crucial role in maintaining renal function.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This research aims to evaluate the optimization of network security forensic tools on virtual router (VR) traffic. The methodology used includes the selection of several forensic tools on the Windows operating system such as Wireshark, Windump, and Network Miner, with testing in a virtual network environment. Testing, includes simulating various attack scenarios to assess the effectiveness of threat detection, performance of forensic tools, and impact on network performance. The main results show that the tools have varying detection capabilities with variations in resource usage and impact on network latency. Network traffic has been successfully recorded using the Win-dump tool in the static-forensics method, the Wireshark tool and Network Miner in the live-forensics method. The evaluation results of the meta-router network forensic recording tool recommend Win-dump as a recording tool that does not burden the Windows operating system with memory usage of 1696 kb while the Wireshark and Network Miner applications are recorded at more than 20MB. Based on this research, the static forensic method which have been built with meta-router objects can be used by investigators to detect cyber attacks. Proper selection and configuration of forensic tools is critical to achieving a balance between security and network performance, and specific adjustments to network requirements can increase the effectiveness of threat detection and mitigation.

Firmansyah yasin