Community pharmacies not only act as sites of drug purchase but also as healthcare setting. The aim of this study is to examine the extent of public’s use of community pharmacy and their reasons of visiting to Sabha, South part of Libya. Thus, a descriptive, cross-sectional survey with self-administered questionnaire was developed and validated. Data was collected during 2019 by registered pharmacists using the self-designed prepared questionnaire for community pharmacies in Sebha. Of all 600 questionnaires were handed during 2020, 462 forms were returned (77%, response rate). The majority of the respondents reported they had visited the community pharmacies at least once in a month (n = 343, 74%). The highest reason of visiting reported by the respondents was dispensing their prescription medications (n = 304, 65%) while purchasing medication without prescriptions was accounted with n = 162, (35%). The highest rate of the respondents was given advice about antibiotic use (n = 224, 48%) followed by physical exercises (n = 178, 39%) and healthy eating (n = 173, 37%). The majority of the respondents preferred to visit community pharmacy over other healthcare centers because of minor health problems (n = 358, 77%). The major factors influence the consumers choose any particular pharmacy were the professionalism of pharmacy staff (n = 254, 55%) and the availability of the medical products (n = 221, 48%). The respondents incline to choose community pharmacy as a primary health center when they faced drug related problem (n = 248, 54%). In conclusion, the current study revealed that the majority of Libyan people are regular users of community pharmacies and various services and topics of advice have been given by their staff. However, shortage of professional pharmacists in community pharmacies can undermine the opportunity of given reliable pharmaceutical care from these communications.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The most successful and cost effective method for control the COVID-19 pandemic is the vaccination. Currently, there are different COVID-19 vaccine introduced into Libyan market. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among general population and students in Benghazi city. A cross sectional survey was conducted during March 2021 among 440 respondents (240 general populations and 200 students) using a self-administered questionnaire. The results were considerably similar among the two groups of participants. Only 10.9% said that they infected with COVID-19 during the pandemic period. About two thirds of the respondents agreed to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when available whereas the majority said they would wait some time before taking the vaccine (71.4%). Approximately, one third of the participants preferred the Sputnik vaccine, 24% preferred the Pfizer and BioNTech and 19.2% preferred Oxford (AstraZeneca) vaccine. More than a half (55.9%) of the participants are refused to pay for the vaccine. The majority of the respondents do not think the vaccine alone will be enough in protection against the COVID-19 (79.8%). There was no significant association between general population, students and the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (p = 0.776). Additionally, there was no significant correlations between socio-demographic data and attitudes of the respondents with the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine (p > 0.05), except for using hand sanitizers daily was significantly associated among the general population (p = 0.008). In conclusion, although, the general population and students have a good acceptability to the COVID-19 vaccine, more education health programs and promotion are wanted to reduce the vaccine hesitancy by declaring the importance of the vaccine, showing sufficient data stabilize the vaccine safety.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: Cannabis sativa has garnered significant attention due to its complex phytochemistry and diverse pharmacological properties. Given the rising interest in medicinal cannabis, understanding its physicochemical properties is crucial for drug development, quality control, and abuse prevention. This study aimed to analyze its phytoconstituents, with a focus on the isolation and profiling of cannabinoids. Methods: Fresh C. sativa leaves were macerated in ethanol to obtain a crude extract, which underwent phytochemical screening to detect alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, terpenes, steroids, and resins. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed using a n-hexane/diethyl ether (8:2) ratio as the mobile phase to separate cannabinoids, with visualization under UV light. Column chromatography further purified the extract, and subsequent TLC confirmed cannabinoid-rich fractions. Hydrogen peroxide-modified TLC was employed to assess oxidation effects on cannabinoid stability. Results: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, and resins, while saponins and tannins were absent. TLC analysis revealed distinct Rf values for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC = 0.94) and cannabidiol (CBD = 0.90), with color differentiation indicating successful separation and a more polar nature of CBD. Column chromatography yielded enriched fractions, validated by TLC. Hydrogen peroxide exposure altered Rf values of 0.78 to 0.8, suggesting oxidative degradation. The study identified THC and CBD as dominant markers, alongside minor cannabinoids, reinforcing C. sativa’s complex chemical profile. These findings give clues to further research into standardized extraction protocols and stability testing to optimize medicinal applications of the plant and its phytoconstituents. Conclusions: This study highlights the efficacy of TLC and column chromatography for cannabinoid isolation and profiling. The presence of THC, CBD, and other bioactive compounds underscores C. sativa’s dual therapeutic and psychoactive potential.

Karishma

The Nano-bio fusion is a booming area with high expectations that major steps in health treatment, body repair and body improvement can be made. It is regarded as the most innovative domain of this moment. Developments are in the field of: Nanomedicine: targeted drug delivery by medically functionalized nanoparticles, for rapid cure without side effects or human stimulation. Regenerative medicine: DNA programmed tissue engineering for quick and efficient wound healing, rebuilt of organs and other body parts. Smart implants: biocompatible implants that can sense and actuate in order to repair or enhance a body function. Nanotechnology idea has as of late gone into the exercises of day by day living. Nanotechnology in games solution cals be characterized as the adjustment of a wide range of improvements in nanoscale into therapeutic applications related with games wounds. The adjusted advancements can be either specifically related with the restorative mediations, for example, recovery of a tissue, implantation, and drug treatments or supporting components like imaging, strappings, and tapings. In this section, the impression of recently developed nanoscale advancements in regards to games wounds will be talked about with recent researches.

Yatendra sharma

Digital governance has become a cornerstone of modern administrative systems, enabling governments to provide efficient and transparent services to citizens. Telangana, a state in southern India, has emerged as a pioneer in implementing various digital governance initiatives to enhance service delivery and promote inclusive development. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the digital governance initiatives undertaken by the Government of Telangana, highlighting their objectives, key features, and impact on governance. The paper begins by outlining the context of digital governance in Telangana, emphasizing the state government's commitment to leveraging technology for governance reforms. It then delves into specific initiatives across various sectors, including e-governance, digital infrastructure, citizen services, and smart city projects. Each initiative is analyzed in terms of its objectives, implementation strategies, technological components, and outcomes. Key initiatives such as the Telangana State Portal, T App Folio mobile app, MeeSeva portal for e-services, and the T-Fiber project for broadband connectivity are discussed in detail. Additionally, the paper examines the integration of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and Internet of Things (IoT) in governance processes to improve efficiency and transparency. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the impact of these initiatives on governance outcomes, including enhanced service delivery, increased transparency, and improved citizen engagement. It also identifies challenges faced in the implementation process and offers recommendations for overcoming them. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the digital governance landscape in Telangana, showcasing the state's efforts in harnessing technology to build a more efficient, responsive, and citizen-centric administration. By documenting the successes, challenges, and lessons learned, it aims to inform policymakers, researchers, and practitioners interested in digital governance and public administration reform.

Dr gedam kamalakar

COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China a few months ago (December 2019) and had since become a major challenging public health problem for not only China but also many countries around the world. It was on March 11, 2020, characterized by WHO as a pandemic. The pandemic so far has killed more than 526,465 people and infected more than 11,046,917 people around the world as of 05 July 2020. Nigeria currently has 28,167 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 11,462 (40%) discharged, 16,071 (57%) currently receiving treatment at designated facilities across the country and unfortunately 634 (3%) deaths as at the time of writing this manuscript. As far as the authors are aware, there are little or no work carried out on the implications of COVID-19 on dental practices in Nigeria. Recently, COVID-19 was identified in saliva of infected patients and so transmission via aerosols and splatter generated during dental procedures is sure. To limit exposure, there was a need to avoid scheduling patients except for emergency dental care during this outbreak. This limitation on activities of the dental sector has a very huge impact on the economy of the sector as it has already resulted in serious monetary implications for dental practices worldwide. While dental practices in the high-income countries are getting help from their respective Government, those in the middle and low-income countries like Nigeria have been left to wallow in bankruptcy without support. The authors highly recommend that the Government of these neglected countries, step up and support dental practices that are on the brink of closing down due to the low turnout of patients to their practice during this outbreak.

Hope inegbenosun

The analgesic activity Of the crude hexane and ethanol extracts of the leaves and male flowers of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem., (sponge gourds) was carried out at dose of 500 mg /kg b.w., (p.o.) in mechanically induced pain in rats by using analgesy-meter. These extracts produced significant analgesic effect results of the present study revealed the analgesic properties of the leaves and male flowers of Luffa cylindrica.

Dr. salman ahmed

Mobile pervasive environment interact with several devices at varying service ranges. The technical heterogeneity of pervasive environment is expected to increase the system flexibility and adaptability on modeling with context training phase. While working with context based training phase, time entity measure is considered as the significant issue. The evaluation of the services through numerous devices during training phase does not acquire an effective service monitoring on mobile pervasive environment. Mobile pervasive environment based information extraction fails to modify the patterns as activities change over time. To improve the flexibility of context training phase in mobile pervasive environment, an Active Context Source Discover Training Phase (ACSDTP) with Classifier Decision Tree Support (CDTS) mechanism is proposed in this paper. Our research work is to develop an effective modification (i.e., updation) of the pattern on training phase with real world context as per changes over time. Initially, the ACSDTP set up the available sensors in pervasive environment to work with the ever changing set of context users. The available sensors are maintained using the Active Discover process. Second, the CDTS mechanism is designed using weighted prediction for easy identification of context result on the training phase. Decision tree is operated separately using the learning techniques, where the identification is performed in a significant manner with minimal time factor. The learning process is performed to identify the inferred situations. Finally, the integration process is carried out to work with the complex association between the situations and sensor data in the mobile pervasive environment to achieve flexibility and adaptability factor. Experiment is conducted on factors such as time entity measure rate, precision ratio, and user context result determination level.

Dr h shaheen

Pneumonia is an acute pulmonary infection that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It infects the lungs, causing inflammation of the air sacs and pleural effusion: a condition in which the lung is filled with fluid. The diagnosis of pneumonia is tasking as it requires a review of Chest X-ray (CXR) by specialists, laboratory tests, vital signs, and clinical history. Utilizing CXR is an important pneumonia diagnostic method for the evaluation of the airways, pulmonary parenchyma, and vessels, chest walls among others. It can also be used to show changes in the lungs caused by pneumonia. This study aims to employ transfer learning, and ensemble approach to help in the detection of viral pneumonia in chest radiographs. The transfer learning model used was Inception network, ResNet-50, and InceptionResNetv2. With the help of our research, we were able to show how well the ensemble technique, which uses InceptionResNetv2 and the utilization of the Non-local Means Denoising algorithm, works. By utilizing these techniques, we have significantly increased the accuracy of pneumonia classification, opening the door for better diagnostic abilities and patient care. For objective labeling, we obtained a selection of patient chest X-ray images. In this work, the model was assessed using state-of-the-art metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. From the statistical analysis and scikit learn python analysis, the accuracy of the ResNet-50 model was 84%, the accuracy of the inception model was 91% and lastly, the accuracy of the InceptionResNetv2 model was 96%.

Dr. chandrashekhar uppin

Background: Measurement of patient health status, or quality of life, has become an important end-point in clinical studies as it represents in part the patient perception of their outcome of care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemic dexmedetomidine on intraoperative hemodynamics, postoperative quality of recovery and analgesia. Materials and Methods: 90 subjects posted for elective lower abdominal surgeries under general anesthesia were randomized to receive infusion of dexmedetomidine (1 mcg/kg over 15 minutes followed by a 0.06 mcg/kg/h infusion until the end surgery) (Group 1) or Normal saline (10 ml over 15 minutes followed by infusion @1ml/kg/hr till end of surgery) (Group 2). Intraoperative hemodynamics, extubation variables, postoperative analgesic requirement and quality of recovery score were evaluated. Results: Intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine resulted in maintained hemodynamics, achieving early extubation parameters. Time for first postoperative analgesic requirement was increased while total analgesic requirement was decreased with use of dexmedetomidine. Median QoR-40 score was better with the use of dexmedetomidine compared to control group. Conclusion: Use of Intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine was associated with early recovery, decreased postoperative analgesic requirement better Quality of Recovery score signifying greater patient satisfaction. Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, Quality of recovery-40, Postoperative analgesia, hysterectomy, General anesthesia

Journal of scientific innovations in anesthesiology

Although the importance of service quality has been recognised, few studies have addressed service quality in hotels from the perspective of employees. Therefore, this study aims to measure the service quality of four and five-star hotels in Jordan from the employees’ perspective based on the SERVQUAL model. The current study was carried out by measuring the data gathered according to a five-point Likert scale. A quantitative survey method was applied, and therefore the SERVQUAL instrument was used to measure service quality. Data obtained from a sample of 238 respondents drawn from ten four- and five-star hotels in Jordan were analysed with the SPSS software based on descriptive statistics. The study’s findings indicated that service quality of five-star hotels in Jordan was higher than that of four-star hotels.

Mukhles m. al-ababneh

Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Papilionaceae) is a medicinally important plant and is used for the treatment of different diseases. Alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and phytic acid have been reported in this plant. Antioxidant, antidiabetic and hypocholesterolemic activities are reported by Vigna unguiculata. The present review attempts to compile all the previous data based on its medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology reported in the earlier articles.

Dr. salman ahmed

The aim of this work was to prepare chitosan nanoparticles loaded with antineoplastic drug Lomustine (LCNPs), by ionic-gelation method with homogenization. The nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency, in-vitro drug release and cytotoxicity on human lung cancer cell line L132 by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The particle size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of prepared nanoparticles ranged from 75±1.1 to 637±1.6 nm (PDI from 0.05±0.001 to 0.18±0.007), 37.2±0.21 to 53.8±0.18 mV and 66.74±1.4 to 98.0±1.8% re- spectively. The particles were spherical in shape with smooth surface in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Mechanical shearing by homogenization treatment significantly changed the nanoparticle size. The drug release rate was biphasic and diffusion controlled over the 8 h. LCNPs greatly inhibited the growth of the L132 cancer cell line used in this study in comparison to the native Lomustine (LMT).

Archana mehrotra

Background and Objectives: The Bayelsa Health Insurance Scheme (BHIS) is a state-designed social security plan in which enrollees benefit from a shared pool of cash based on premiums paid by participants. The study aimed to assess the self-reported effectiveness, service utilization, level of satisfaction, and barriers among beneficiaries, and proffer solutions to improve the scheme. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire. This questionnaire assesses the BHIS impact in Kolokuma/Opokuma LGA through six sections capturing demographics, service utilization, satisfaction, financial implications, access barriers, and improvement solutions using standardized scales and matrices, preceded by informed consent. Data was analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Results: The major barriers to service utilization were constant unavailability of claimed services at accredited facilities (90.1%) excessive waiting time (76.4%), late/non-referral to specialized centers (67.5), rigid BHIS protocols (63.1%), insufficient insurance coverage (55.2%), complex billing systems (50.7%), and shortage of BHIS staff (50.0%). Conclusions: Possible solutions include the training and retraining of staff and service providers, providing subsidies for couples who are both government employees, initiating adequate supervision, monitoring, and feedback mechanisms, rapid referral protocols, and integrating and encouraging the establishment of health equity funds.

Karishma

Background: Exhaust noise is known to be a major pollutant in the environment and workplaces due to the development of industry and transportation. Exhaust noise can be reduced to normal levels by mufflers or silencers. A reactive muffler efficiently dampens noise at low frequencies by reflecting sound waves. Therefore, muffler design is of great importance in exhaust noise reduction. Transmission loss (TL) is an essential characteristic of mufflers, demonstrating their acoustical properties. Any acoustical appliance is selected based on its damping performance and reliability. Predicting TL through experimentation is different from theoretical calculations. Methods: In the present study, a double-expansion chamber muffler was designed as a reflective muffler on a laboratory scale by equations. Next, TL was evaluated by an impedance tube applying a 4-microphone technique to determine the acoustical performance of the designed muffler. Results: Findings revealed that the TL of the muffler at 312 Hz frequency obtained 27.5 dB agreement with the required TL of the muffler of 25 dB. In addition, the TL of the muffler against frequency attenuates noise in broadband frequencies. Conclusions: These results indicated that the built muffler provides desired TL for exhaust chambers. Therefore, equations can be used as a precise method for muffler design. Furthermore, multi-expansion chamber mufflers are useful for reducing noise at a wide range of frequencies.

Niloofar

Viral hepatitis is one of the main public health concerns around the world. Even though infection management techniques have been implemented over the last few decades, eradication or significant reduction has remained a mystery. The purpose of this study is to look into the prevalence of acute infectious hepatitis in the East of Libya and how the type of virus, age, gender, clinical manifestations, and outcome are related. This is a hospital-based retrospective study. The data on the frequency and distribution of viral hepatitis based on age, gender, seasonal, clinical, and ultrasound findings, and the outcomes during a period of two years from January 2020 to December 2021 were collected and analyzed. Of the 0.39% (72 cases) of total hospital admissions (18340) under the age of 15 years old for acute infectious hepatitis patients, the most common age group was 5-12 years (79.6%). Winter accounted for 41.6% of all the cases. Females made up 65.3% of the cases. Jaundice was the most prevalent presentation (87.5%). Hepatomegaly was seen in 83.3% of the patients. Most of the cases have mild hyperbilirubinemia (5-9 mg/dL, 75.0%). Approximately 1/5th of the patients' serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGPT), and nearly 1/3rd of the patients' SGPT levels were in the range of 1000-2000. One patient's hepatitis C was positive, one patient's hepatitis B was positive, and 97.2% were positive for hepatitis A. 88.8% of the individuals recovered without complications, whereas 11.1% showed symptoms of hepatic failure but recovered. The present study indicates that acute hepatitis A is more prevalent, especially in the winter. Those who are females and 5-12 years of age were more affected by acute viral hepatitis in Libya.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a self-regulating business model that helps a company be socially accountable—to itself, its stakeholders, and the public. Reliance Foundation (RF) is a not-for-profit organization established by RIL to bring about changes in Indian society seamlessly. CSR is for the community, it is equally valuable for a company. CSR activities can help forge a stronger bond between employees and corporations, boost morale and help both employees and employers feel more connected with the world.

Vidya bhat

This paper examines India’s diplomatic stance towards Israeli settlements in the Palestinian territories, focusing on the complexities of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and India’s historical relations with both sides. The issue of Israeli settlements has been an issue and a obstacle to peace in the region. As a prominent global player and staunch supporter of Palestinian rights, India finds itself in the delicate position of balancing its traditional support for the Palestinian cause with its growing strategic ties with Israel.The article delves into the evolving dynamics of India’s foreign policy and the factors influencing its stance on Israeli settlements. Analyses India’s historical suppor t for Palestinian self-determination and its voting record in international forums not supporting Israeli settlements. It also examines India’s growing economic and defence cooperation with Israel, which complicates its position on the issue of settlements.

Dr gedam kamalakar

Smartphones are constantly changing in today's world, and as a result, security has become a major concern. Security is a vital aspect of human life, and in a world where security is lacking, it becomes a concern for mobile users' safety. Malware is one of the most serious security risks to smartphones. Mobile malware attacks are becoming more sophisticated and widespread. Malware authors consider the open-source Android platform to be their preferred target as it came to lead the market. State-of-the-art mobile malware detection solutions in the literature use a variety of metrics and models, making cross-comparison difficult. In this paper various existing methods are compared and a significant effort is made to briefly address android malwares, various methods for detecting android malwares and to give a clear image of the progress of the android platform and various malware detection classifiers.

Jebin bose s

This study aims to determine the process of implementing PJOK learning in limited face-to-face learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in class V MIN 2 Palangka Raya City. This type of research is qualitative with case studies. Data collection techniques by observation and interviews. Meanwhile, data analysis uses descriptive data analysis. The results of this study show that:1) planning for sports and health physical education learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in MIN 2 Palangka Raya City: Teachers plan the PJOK class V learning program, develop the Annual Program, carry out Semester Program activities, carry out learning plans in the learning syllabus, distribute effective weeks.2) Implementation of Sports and Health Physical Education learning in MIN 2 Palangka Raya City, namely: development of the Annual Program into the Learning Implementation Plan, carrying out Semester Program activities, implementation of learning plans in the learning syllabus, online teaching, and learning process activities teachers explain teaching materials, apply learning methods.

Educare: journal of primary education