The seed flours of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Phaseolus lunatus Linn., and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. were investigated for their total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents by HPLC. The total oxalate content of Macrotyloma uniflorum, Phaseolus lunatus and Phaseolus vulgaris were 1.24, 1.77 and 1.71 mg/ g, respectively. The % age of soluble oxalate was Macrotyloma uniflorum (19.50), Phaseolus lunatus (15.08) and Phaseolus vulgaris (15.88). The calculated soluble oxalate: calcium ratio of all tested legume flours is lesser than one and hence will not create any resistance in calcium bioavailability.

Dr. salman ahmed

Monitoring and controlling of clean area environment is of paramount importance to ensure product safety and quality. This comprehensive analysis evaluates environmental monitoring (EM) data from Class C and Class D controlled environments in pharmaceutical manufacturing, utilizing Active Air (AA), Passive Air (PA), and Contact Plate (CP) or Replicate Organism Detection And Counting (RODAC) surface samples. The study aims to identify contamination trends, anomalies, and compliance with ISO 14644-1 and EU GMP Annex 1 standards. Results reveal unexpected findings: Class C Active Air (43 CFU/m³) and RODAC (3 CFU/plate) overall averages are higher than Class D Active Air (34 CFU/m³) and RODAC (2 CFU/plate), respectively, deviating from expected cleanroom classification. Class D Passive Air (22 CFU/plate) is higher than Class C (17 CFU/plate), aligning with expectations. Persistent hotspots were identified in Class C (e.g., location labelled “AA C 12 NG0”AA averages± Standard Deviation (SD): 67.33±17 CFU/m³), indicating localized control failures, while Class D showed extreme individual spikes (e.g., AA D 99 Ac: Max 171 CFU/m³). Sporadic contamination events in Class C suggest transient breaches, necessitating root-cause investigations. The study also highlights limitations of Class D monitoring, which obscures temporal trends and risks missing critical excursions due to long intervals between samples. Recommendations include targeted engineering assessments for high-load zones, enhanced Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for cleaning and gowning, adoption of real-time biofluorescent particle counters to replace manual sampling, and increased monitoring frequency in Class D hotspots.

Mostafa eissa

The Banking sector influences the economic growth and development of the country both in terms of quality and quantity, there by adopting the various strategies for economic growth. Technological advancements and new initiatives of government have helped banks to provide efficient services to its customers all over the country. The study has been conducted to know the extent of problems faced by the bank customers, and their level of satisfaction towards the banking services provided by the Corporation Bank, Kodialbail Branch, Mangalore. 100 customers of the bank, who are the employees of Besant Institutions, are contacted and data was collected through questionnaire. Study revealed that 66% of respondents have faced problems in operating their bank accounts. 63% of the respondents have availed net banking facilities. Only 18% of the respondents are satisfied and 32% of respondents are neutral about the services of the bank. Some of the respondents provided valuable suggestions to improve the banking services.

Thara s shetty

Human being has some basic needs which include Food, Clothing & Shelter, in addition to above Healthcare, Education, Sanitation are also core part of basic necessities in modern society. In above mention basic necessities Healthcare facility was near to unavailable till independence for majority of citizens in country but this picture change dramatically with help of FDI allowed by Govt. of India. Foreign Direct Investment as a strategic element of funding is required in every develop & developing country. FDI inflows are long term in nature which causes source of non-debt finance, as well as bring modern & innovative technology in country by creating international network. In this paper, author attempted to discover how FDI is crucially impact on Indian Pharmaceutical Sectors progress by stimulating domestic investment & new employment opportunities, improving healthcare facilities to citizens in India. With the help of available relevant secondary data, a qualitative approach was followed for the study. It was found in study that the major factors responsible for attracting FDI in pharmaceutical sector are rise in outsourcing activities, demand in the generics market, demand from emerging segments, increase in domestic demand, large numbers of forthcoming patent expires. On the other hand Indian pharmaceutical industry is facing some challenges such as, low government expenditure on healthcare, poor healthcare infrastructure in rural areas, lack of proper Govt. policy to attract larger FDI in healthcare sector.

Anshuman vijay magar

This study was carried out to verify all the manual process involved in generating Students Examination Result and to seek a way of automating the system for effective operations. Computer and its appreciations have become vital tools in the economic, industrial and social development of advanced countries of the world. Most educational institutions in Nigeria, such as Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of Education still operate on the manual method of record keeping and computation of students’ grade point averages (GPA) which is time-consuming and error-prone especially when the number of students is large. This paper examines the inadequacies involved in the manual method of calculating Students CGPA (cumulative grade point average) and proposes a solution by developing a software application to facilitate the automated processing of the results. The software was developed using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program. The developed software was tested and found to performed well and produced expected results on completion. With it, it was possible to compute Grade Point Average (GPA) and Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) for each student based on examination scores entered. The new system has some qualities such as reduction in the cost of processing of information, reduction in time spent in computing GPA and generating transcripts, increase in accuracy and efficiency, and elimination of duplication of effort which makes it superior to the manual system of student record keeping. This new system is flexible and can be modified to suit any kind of student’s record-keeping and data processing.

Ogala justin onyarin

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) owing to their very open characteristics are being very attractive and adaptive. With the openness comes security issues to be dealt. The most usual attack in mobile ad-hoc network is the black-hole attack. It advertises false path as shortest and newest to the destined node. On gathering packets containing data will drop them and does not send it to the destination. This paper proposes an algorithm to overcome such an attack under Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in MANETs. The proposal aims to detect and avoid black-hole attack by using the parameters of AODV routing protocol in its enhanced form of route recovery. The proposed algorithm has two different scenarios, where first comes the detection then the avoidance. The simulation results are obtained from NS -2 to authenticate the effectiveness of proposed technique in comparison with the existing protocols in the existence of black-hole attack with respect to change in simulation end time and active number of attackers. The implementation is assessed based on delay, delivery ratio, drop, overhead, throughput and packet forwarding ratio. The results obtained from network simulator are mapped to form a dataset, which is then validated on a modelled fuzzy inference system using MatLab software.

Fahmina taranum

Background: Poverty and malnutrition are associated with the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Nutritional reintegration with anti-TB therapy may improve treatment success rate. Aim: To investigate the nutritional status of low-income pulmonary TB patients in relation to the different anti-TB treatment phases. Methods: Forty five pulmonary TB patients and 40 controls aged 19-54 years, receiving treatment at Infectious Disease Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria, between September 2018 and July 2019 were studied. Serum total protein, albumin, iron and vitamin A were determined by colorimetric and HPLC methods respectively. Height and weight were measured and BMI computed, and data analysed using Student’s t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation at P<0 P=0.001).>0.05) respectively. Albumin and iron were significantly lower in CPAT-HIV compared with CPAT patients. Albumin correlated positively and significantly with iron (r=0.405, p=0.006) in TB patients. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is associated with decreased BMI, albumin, iron and vitamin A, and higher total protein, and globulin, suggesting that malnutrition may be associated with TB risk, poor treatment compliance and outcomes

Eworo raymond

Education in India is losing its relevance. This seems much more applicable to the situation in the present day of legal education. This essay aims to focus on two aspects of legal education. Whilst, on one hand, it aims to provide details of the existing legal education system on the other, it aims to drive more attention to the various improvements and developments that are needed. The essay firstly shall describe the existing legal education system. It shall analyze and assess the curricula that are available for the various undergraduate law degrees available in India. It aims to provide an understanding of the perceived distinctions between the three-year law degree and the five-year law degree. As a second aspect, the essay aims to explore options to further the quality of legal education in India by considering examples of various law schools or colleges of law across the world that have consistently proven themselves as a cut-above not legal education and research in their global scale. Also, from the learnings of the gaps in the curricula of the law degrees as discussed previously, the essay shall provide suggestions on the various plausible collaborations with foreign law schools and universities for the benefit of the Indian law schools and colleges of law. As a third and final aspect, as a measure to curb fake or bogus law schools or colleges of law within India and to enhance the employability of law graduates in India at par with those across the globe, the essay aims to provide suggestions applicable for the present-day legal education scenario.

Hari hara sudhan r

The chosen organisation for this research work is Tesco. Founded in 1919, Tesco is one of the most renowned retailing brands operating in the global market (Azad, 2018). It focuses on selling a wide variety of products to its customers at low prices. Since its inception, the organisation has focused on maintaining high efficiency in its internal management. This is done with the help of effective human resource practices and organisational behaviour. The organisation always seeks to maintain good relations with its employees to work hard to attain the organisational objectives. This research work will focus on understanding and analysing the concept of organizational behaviour. This will be done by applying the different concepts and theories of organisational behaviour in reference to Tesco. Concepts such as motivation, leadership, teamwork, change management, and many more will be discussed in this research work.

Zamzam abdelazim

Using off-label drugs in obstetric-gynecology patients requires caution because of the high risk of pregnancy. Although there is still debate, data profiling its use in clinical practice is lacking. This study aims to observe the use of off-label drugs in obstetrics and gynecology patients in private hospitals, especially the pill Misoprostol. This study used a descriptive observational approach to hospital medical record data. Retrieval of research data retrospectively at Bunda General Hospital (X Hospital) for July 2017 – December 2017 and Sinar Kasih Hospital (Y Hospital) for January 2018 – December 2018. The number of samples was determined using the Slovin formula, with a systematic random sampling technique at X Hospital and total sampling at Y Hospital. The samples were 220 RM at X 130 Hospital and Y 90 Hospital. The research was conducted in the period January 2019 - March 2019. The results were analyzed univariately using several related references. The results showed 26.92% of misoprostol off-label use in X Hospital and 4% in Y Hospital. The off-label drug found was Misoprostol which belongs to the category of off-label indications (Missed Abortion, Incomplete Abortion, Blighted Ovum, and Induction of labor in cases of Serotinus, KPD, and IUFD), off-label doses (50 µg, 100 µg, and 400 µg), and off-label routes of administration (sublingual and vaginal). ​

Much ilham novalisa aji wibowo

The strategy is a means of establishing the organisation's purpose in terms of priorities for resource allocation, action programs and long term objectives (Grant 2005). Chandler (1962) defines strategy as determining the primary long-term goals of an organisation, the adoption of courses of action, and the allocation of necessary resources. Besides, the strategy also focuses on allocating resources in relation to the organisation and its environment (Schendel & Hatten 1972). The strategy also pertains to the top management's decisions pertaining to its scope and the future direction. Such strategy covers an action plan on the organisation's future, commitments to specific products, services, and the markets.

Zamzam abdelazim

Since 2006, multiple outbreaks of avian influenza (AI) have been reported in Nigeria involving different subtypes. Surveillance and molecular epidemiology have revealed the vital role of live bird markets (LBMs) in the dissemination of AI virus to commercial poultry farms. To better understand the ecology and epidemiology of AI in Nigeria, we performed whole-genome sequencing of nineteen H9N2 viruses recovered, from apparently healthy poultry species, during active surveillance conducted in nine LBMs across Nigeria in 2019. Analyses of the HA gene segment of these viruses showed that the H9N2 strains belong to the G1 lineage, which has zoonotic potential, and are clustered with contemporary H9N2 identified in Africa between 2016 and 2020. We observed two distinct clusters of H9N2 viruses in Nigeria, suggesting different introductions into the country. In view of the zoonotic potential of H9N2 and the co-circulation of multiple subtypes of AI virus in Nigeria, continuous monitoring of the LBMs across the country and molecular characterization of AIVs identified is advocated to mitigate economic losses and public health threats.

Bitrus inuwa

This paper investigates the deep learning techniques to improve radio resource management (RRM) in vehicular communication network (VCN). In this paper, the deep learning algorithms are highlighted which are used for RRM. Deep learning technique in RRM is basically used to train the model using various algorithms of resource management including network data. Various machine learning tools will be helpful to get best solutions for resource allocation in a large cellular network.

Vartika agarwal

Human resource practices are strategic in nature. They represent a vital guidance system that coordinates with executive business plan. HR practices form the foundation supporting the way of bank’s human capital will operate effectively. This research has estimated the impact of HR practices among the employees working in private sector banks on their productivity in Coimbatore district of Tamilnadu. In this research, the researcher has taken randomly around 125 banking employees working in private sector banks in Coimbatore district. A structured questionnaire has framed and collected their opinion about the HR practices which were practiced in their banks. Their opinion were subdued into tables by using percentage analysis, mean score analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that PG qualified employee whose age between 41 to 50 years have more impact of HR practices and their productivity also high

Dr.n.s.lissy

Background: Formaldehyde is found in different kinds of medicine and industrial products, cigarette smoke, and even numerous vegetables, fruits and seafood that have been illegally preserved with formalin. The water soluble vitamin C is a strong antioxidant that scavenges free radicals and other reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Even in small amounts, vitamin C can defend nucleic acids, lipids and proteins against oxidative damage. Objectives: the aim of this study is to elucidate the possible changes that take place in the liver of adult male albino rats after intraperitoneal injection of formaldehyde and the possibility of oral vitamin C’s hepatoprotectivity against it. Design: forty-five adult male albino rats were utilized in this work. These animals were allocated randomly into three main groups. Group I (control groups) included 3 subgroups each contained 9 rats : –ve control received no treatment , +ve control which were injected intraperitoneally by 1 ml of distilled water for 10 days and vit.C +ve control group which received a daily dose of ascorbic acid (100mg/kg bw) dissolved in distilled water by gavage for 10 days. Group ΙΙ: contained 9 rats, which were injected intraperitoneally with a daily dose of formaldehyde (10mg/kg BW) for 10 days. Group IΙΙ: contained 9 rats that were injected intraperitoneally with a daily dose of formaldehyde (10mg/kg BW) concomitantly with daily dose of ascorbic acid (100mg/kg BW) by gavage for 10 days. By the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical study of ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and albumin and all animals were anaesthetized by ether inhalation. Liver specimens were dissected out and weighed then subjected to histopathological, immunohistochemistry, and morphometrical examination. Results: Administration of formaldehyde at a dose of 10 mg/kg caused increase in serum activities of ALT and AST ,but regarding albumin ,it remained unaffected .It caused increase in the liver weights and induced several histopathological changes in the liver of adult male albino rats as congested dilated central veins, portal veins and blood sinusoids with increase in the thickness of the wall of the portal vein. Meanwhile, some hepatic lobules showed multiple necrotic foci around central and portal veins. On the other hand, vit.C partially improved the state of oxidative stress as evidenced by iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) immunohistochemistry. It also reduced the degree of hepatic fibrosis as evidenced by Mallory trichrome histochemical staining. Conclusion: Exposure to formaldehyde led to pronounced hepatic damage which is partially limited by vit.C coadministration. Recommendations: Many special precautions should be taken to limit the occupational and environmental exposure and the level of food and water contamination with formaldehyde and use vit.C as a supplement to limit the toxic effects on the liver.

Samar mortada mahmoud

The wet coating of anhydrous borax powders with stearic acid (SA) to reverse their inherent hydrophilic surface properties was investigated. The coating procedure was based on the results from a previous study that revealed that the stearic acid solution (2 wt. % SA) mixed for 60 minute at 750 rpm on the magnetic stirrer was sufficient for the surface modification of anhydrous borax. For the experiments, stearic acid powders were first dissolved in water at 80 °C. The mixture obtained by adding anhydrous borax powders to this solution was vigorously mixed on a magnetic stirrer to initiation and completion the surface modification. Each of these solutions was then filtered using a filter paper to separate the undissolved particles, and the residue on paper was dried at 50 °C for 48 h until constant weighing was obtained. Wettability has been accepted as a key parameter for success in wet coating treatment. This parameter gained via the experimental characterization technique was used for an evaluation of the powder properties. The degree of wettability of anhydrous borax powders was measured and compared both after their surfaces were coated with stearic acid and after they were treated with water for a certain period of time in an aqueous environment. The stearic acid coating made the powder hydrophobic and this property was highly preserved after washing.

Journal of characterization

Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is not restricted to the elderly and hospitalized population. Worldwide, the rate of prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has grown up rapidly in adults over the past decades. Among Libyan population including young students may has a high risk of vitamin D deficiency. The aims of this study were to examine vitamin D status among pharmacy students of Sebha University and to study the hematological profile as well as correlation of vitamin D deficiency with incidence of anemia among the students. This study was carried out on Pharmacy students from 13th January to 12th March, 2020. This is a cross-sectional study designed to determine vitamin D status among healthy young pharmacy students studying at the Sebha University. The blood samples were collected randomly from 62 pharmacy students to analysis complete blood count and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The concentration of hemoglobin on total student was 12.5 ± 1.9 g/dl which was normal according to the WHO level (12.0 g/dl). Out of total, 36 students (59.1%) were found to have normal hemoglobin concentration (13.7 ± 1.4 g/dl) and 26 students (40.9 %) were found to have low hemoglobin concentration (10.8 ± 1.1 g/dl). Other blood profile as HCT, MCV, MHC and MCHC where statistically significant lower but the counts of RBCs, WBC and platelets were not on anemic group comparing to normal group. The present study reported that majority of pharmacy students in male and female blood donors have low vitamin D levels which represent (87.0%). Out of the total participants (n = 54) who have low vitamin D (n = 49, 79.0%) were classified under vitamin D deficiency category while (n = 05, 08.0%) of students had vitamin D insufficiency. In conclusion, prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (low 25-hydroxyvitamin D) among the pharmacy students at Sebha University was highly occurrence with concomitant a high rate of prevalence of anemia. Thus, vitamin D deficiency at this age represents a public health problem that should be addressed.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

One of the unique features of Indian society is prevalence of caste system which was originated thousands of years back to demarcate the people engaged in different occupation or jobs. Initially it was not much rigid but gradually people belonging to upper castes for their own selfish means to maintain their monopoly made this arrangement hereditary and started treating people of lower castes disgracefully. For preservation of this system, people started controlling their women to prevent inter-caste marriages and the concept of endogamy came up. This robbed away many types of freedom from women. For women belonging to lower castes, this situation is worse as they are doubly subjugated on the basis on caste as well as gender. Men belonging to their own caste treat them as secondary beings. This paper throws light on this intersection. How intersection of these two kinds of inequalities place them at the lowest position in Indian society. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar rises as their leader who all his life worked for empowerment of downtrodden section of society. He argues that education is the primary tool for evading these differences among people. He further emphasizes to adopt the concept of exogamy to break the backbone of Indian caste system and to immediately leave a religion or culture which legitimizes such system of inequality among people of the same land.

Swati sharma

Blister beetle, Mylabris pustulata (Thunb.) is a polyphagous pest attacking flowers of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), cotton (Gossypium sp), lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus), mungbean (Vigna radiata), urdbean (Vigna mungo), ricebean (Vigna umbellata) etc. throughout the country. Because of its polyphagous feeding nature and hard protective adaptation against insecticides, long term management of this pest with a single molecule is difficult. Therefore, field cum laboratory experiments were carried out for three consecutive cropping seasons during kharif 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11 to find out the persistence and efficacy of different insecticides. It was found that decamethrin 2.8EC was 3334 times toxic with lowest LC50 value (0.0000563) followed by monocrotophos 36SL as compared with endosulfan which was the least toxic with LC50 value (0.1877). Insecticides evaluated for their persistent toxicity during 2009-10 revealed that decamethrin and thiodicarb caused cent per cent mortality of adult blister beetle immediately after spray. At 8th days after spraying, decamethrin caused 60 per cent mortality. Insecticides evaluated for their efficacy during the year 2010-11 revealed that the plants were found free from adult blister beetle population in treatments involving decamethrin and cypermethrin even at ten days after spray. Among all the treatments, spraying of thiodicarb 75WP @ 625 g ha-1 provided the highest grain yield (18.87 q ha-1). Maximum cost-benefit ratio was observed in monocrotophos 36SL, cypermethrin 25EC and decamethrin 2.8EC

Dr. babu lal jat

Background: There is great promise for improving nutrition and health thanks to phytonutrients' antioxidant qualities and health advantages. Their capacity to combat oxidative stress and associated illnesses emphasizes the importance of precisely evaluating their antioxidant characteristics. Objective: This study concludes by providing a comprehensive and critical critique of the current approaches to measure the antioxidant activity of phytonutrients. It dives into the fundamentals, benefits, drawbacks, and most recent developments of commonly used antioxidant assays, giving the reader a comprehensive grasp of the topic. This recapitulation of the review's goal in the end reinforces the reader's primary takeaway. Methods: Research on several antioxidant tests, such as FRAP, ORAC, DPPH, and ABTS, is consolidated in this review. It looks at each assay's performance traits, technological advances, and techniques. The review also assesses the incorporation of many assays to thoroughly examine phytonutrient potency and its uses in the food industry and nutritional science. Results: The review shows how antioxidant tests have advanced significantly, improving sensitivity, accuracy, and physiological relevance. It demonstrates how these tests can be used practically to guarantee food quality, create supplements, and offer nutritional advice. The paper also lists the difficulties today, including the intricacy of antioxidant mechanisms, test variability, and the requirement for assay standardization. The practical value of the research is emphasized by highlighting the significance of antioxidant tests for quality assurance, adulteration detection, and shelf life extension in the food business. Discussion: Scientists, doctors, and business experts interested in evaluating and applying phytonutrients will find this review helpful. It emphasizes how crucial it is to improve antioxidant testing to ascertain the possible health advantages and therapeutic uses of phytonutrients. The review highlights the need for increased test sensitivity, accuracy, and relevance while discussing the benefits and drawbacks of the available techniques. It draws attention to the importance of strong and trustworthy antioxidant tests to maximize the use of phytonutrients in food quality control and pharmaceutical research. Prospects: Future directions seek to address the challenges discovered through the development of multidisciplinary research and testing technologies. Novel approaches will advance our knowledge of phytonutrient potency and aid in developing medicines and nutraceuticals. This study highlights the significance of trustworthy assays for understanding and utilizing phytonutrients, providing academics and professionals in the business with vital insights.

Dr. salman ahmed