: About 12% of the world population is affected by different forms of urolithiasis, the recurrence rate of which is 47-60% in females and 70-80% in males. According to WHO, 75% of people rely on traditional medicines to prevent and cure different ailments. Similarly, the majority of the world population uses several plants to treat problems related to the urinary tract system, of which urolithiasis is the primary cause. The review aims to collect data on the plants used in different parts of the world and cultures against urolithiasis, including their parts, mode of preparation, dosage, and administration. A literature review was conducted for traditionally used antiurolithiatic plants. The articles mentioning plant, parts, mode of preparation, dose and route of administration were selected. This information was extracted to compose Mono and Polyherbal antiurolithiatic formulations used in Appalachia (a region in the Eastern United States), Canada, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Latin America, Pakistan, Turkey and Yemen. The review provides essential data about plants used as antiurolithiatic in different parts of the world. The information is not only useful for ordinary people but also for the scientific community to carry out further phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies for discovering new, effective, safer molecules against urolithiasis.

Dr. salman ahmed

Background: Dilation of pupil in Ophthalmic OPD is a routine procedure. Whether a sympathomimetic agent like phenylephrine should be used in hypertensive patients is still a question to be answered. This study tries to resolve the issue. Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular effects of combination of topical 5% phenylephrine and 0.8% Tropicamide. Method: Total 150 patients were subjected for this study (male and female) between 30-80 years of age. Combination of 5% phenylephrine and 0.8% tropicamide eye drops was instilled at an interval of 15 minutes thrice in the eyes of each patient. Any change in BP or HR was recorded Result: The data was collected and subjected to appropriate statistical method using R software version 4.2.1. This study has shown no significant increase in Blood Pressure and Heart Rate after instillation of 5% Phenylephrine and 0.8% Tropicamide eye drops except in one case. Conclusion: We conclude that combination of 5% Phenylephrine and 0.8% Tropicamide can be safely used in all patients who come for ocular examination but precautionary measures should be taken in hypertensive patients.

Dr. ashwani kumar ghai

The strategy is a means of establishing the organisation's purpose in terms of priorities for resource allocation, action programs and long term objectives (Grant 2005). Chandler (1962) defines strategy as determining the primary long-term goals of an organisation, the adoption of courses of action, and the allocation of necessary resources. Besides, the strategy also focuses on allocating resources in relation to the organisation and its environment (Schendel & Hatten 1972). The strategy also pertains to the top management's decisions pertaining to its scope and the future direction. Such strategy covers an action plan on the organisation's future, commitments to specific products, services, and the markets.

Zamzam abdelazim

The experiments were conducted at CCS HAU, Hisar (Haryana) to study the morpho physico-chemical components of resistance to pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera in pigeonpea with different sowing dates. In different four sowing dates, the minimum pod infestation (1.70%) was recorded in (D4) 3rd week of July sown crop, whereas, it was observed maximum (4.54%) in (D2) 1st week of July sown crop. In different pigeonpea varieties, the minimum mean pod infestation (2.45%) was recorded in AL-201, whereas, the maximum mean pod infestation (3.72%) was recorded in Pusa-992. The glandular (type A) and non-glandular (type B) trichomes on pods of top and middle canopy of the plant and pod wall thickness were associated with resistance to H. armigera, whereas, the non-glandular lengthy (type C) trichomes and pod length were associated with susceptibility to this insect. The expression of resistance to H. armigera was also associated with the high amount of fat, phenol and tannin content. Crude protein and total soluble sugar content were responsible for higher pod infestation.

Dr. babu lal jat

Background: Infantile hemangioma (IH) is observed at varying frequencies among children, impacting 10% of infants. The majority of uncomplicated IH cases experience spontaneous involution, while a minority necessitate intervention. This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of propranolol in treating IH in Libyan pediatric patients. Methods: From 2013 to 2016, a total of 100 patients diagnosed with infantile hemangioma (IH) were monitored at a pediatric tertiary hospital's hematology clinic. Their demographic and clinical information, along with digital images of the lesions, were collected prospectively to evaluate coloration, size, and improvement of the hemangioma lesions. Following parental consent to initiate treatment, a regimen of oral propranolol, atenolol, or a combination of propranolol and steroids was commenced. Results: The study included 100 children diagnosed with infantile hemangioma (IH), consisting of 62% females and 38% males. Out of these, 68 children were treated exclusively with propranolol, while 12 were started on atenolol. The remaining 20 children received a combination of steroids and propranolol. Hemangioma lesions were primarily located on the face (56%). After an average follow-up duration of 10.53 ±7.21 months, among the 68 children treated solely with propranolol, 12 under the age of 12 achieved complete resolution of their hemangiomas, 15 demonstrated near-complete resolution, and the remaining 41 showed a significant reduction in hemangioma size without considerable disfigurement. Following a six-month discontinuation of propranolol, 2 children from this group experienced a relapse of their lesions. In one instance, the lesion resolved after 12 months of resuming propranolol, while the other required 18 months of treatment. Among the children treated with atenolol, two attained complete resolution, two had near-complete resolution, and 8 exhibited a significant reduction in hemangioma size. No relapses or changes in lesion size were noted after the cessation of atenolol. Conclusion: Oral propranolol is considered both safe and effective for the treatment of IH at a daily dosage of 2 mg/kg, with no significant adverse effects reported. Atenolol serves as an alternative to propranolol, while steroids, despite their potential side effects, have been shown to improve lesions in certain pediatric patients. Nevertheless, further large multicenter studies are necessary.

Karishma

Background: There is a lack of data on current tuberculosis (TB) burden in Shabwah Governorates in Yemen. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, epidemiology, and outcomes of TB disease in Shabwah Governorate, Yemen. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the National TB Program (NTP) Center in Ataq City, Shabwah Governorate, Yemen. The study involved TB patients of different ages who were notified at the center between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. Results: We involved a total of 123 new active TB cases, including 86 (69.9%) with pulmonary TB (PTB) and 37 (30.1%) with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). The total prevalence of TB disease during the year 2021 was 14.5 new TB cases per 100,000 population, while the median age of the study population was 34 years. The majority of the cases (23.6%) belonged to age group 15–24 years. There was a slightly higher preponderance of males 54.5% (n=67). EPTB was detected in 37 (30.1%) patients with lymph node TB being the most common manifestation [17 (46.0%)]. All patients received four-drug anti-TB therapies for 6–12 months. Most patients 111 (90.3%) were cured, and 2 (1.6%) patients died during the course of the disease, while 10 (8.1%) patients were lost during follow-up. Conclusion: The prevalence of TB in Shabwah Governorate was 14.5/100,000 population. Male patients and younger age groups were more affected, while the lymph nodes were the main extrapulmonary sites involved and the cure rate was 90.2%. The results of the study indicate the need to revise the notification form for active TB cases and to expand NTP activities to focus on targeted screening for active TB cases in high-risk groups to close the gap in unidentified TB cases.

Karishma

Congenital constriction band syndrome (CBS) is a rare condition characterized by either partial or complete circular constrictions around limbs or digits. Possible consequences include acrosyndactyly of the digits, terminal amputations, and localized swelling with digital edema distal to the constrictions. Occasionally, a constriction band may lead to injury of a peripheral nerve. We report a case of CBS in a newborn presenting with radial nerve palsy caused by a constriction band at the level of the arm. Surgical release of the congenital constriction band was performed at 1 month of age, including neurolysis of the radial nerve. As a result, the nerve was decompressed, and hand function was restored. Given the rarity of radial nerve palsy as a complication of congenital constriction bands, this case enriches the limited literature by emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention to optimize functional outcomes. It also highlights the need for increased clinical vigilance and provides practical insights into managing isolated radial nerve palsies.

Karishma

Context: Menstruation is one of the most basic characteristic features of girls and inadequate knowledge of adolescent girls about menstruation can result in faulty menstrual hygiene management (MHM) and inappropriate dietary management both of these can causes diseases which is a major threat for adolescent health in developing countries like Bangladesh. Aim: To identify current knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to menstruation and menstrual hygiene management (MHM) among adolescent girls. Settings and Design: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Jashore, Bangladesh. Methods and Materials: A pre-formed, pre-tested questionnaire was used. The questionnaire-based survey was conducted among randomly selected 250 adolescent girls between 10 and 19 years. Statistical analysis used: Data were analyzed statistically by Microsoft office excels and SPSS windows version 16 software programs. Results: Among 250 adolescent girls majority had their menarche between 12 and 15 years of age, 70% of adolescent girls of this study belonged to lower class families. This study revealed that 85% of the respondents had regular menstruation whereas 15% had irregular menstruations also. Most of them faced different types of Premenstrual syndrome including 76% from headache, 80% from lower abdominal pain, and 62.5% from fatigue and weakness. Only 56% had previous knowledge about puberty before attaining menarche. There was a statistically significant correlation between the mother’s education and the knowledge of participants about menstruation at puberty. All the participants used to bath and wash hand after changing pads whereas 80.8% used to avoid all types of exercises. Almost 94% of respondents used to dispose of their napkins properly. The micro-nutrient deficiency was also common; especially 49.2% were suffering from Iron deficiency and 69.6% from folic acids deficiency. Conclusion: Awareness programs regarding both menstrual hygiene and dietary management can aid to alleviate some complications during puberty and ensure better health for adolescent girls.

Arafat hassan razon

X-ray crystallography has been central to the development of many fields of science over the past century. It has now matured to a point that as long as good-quality crystals are available, their atomic structure can be routinely determined in three dimensions. However, many samples in physics, chemistry, materials science, nanoscience, geology, and biology are noncrystalline, and thus their three-dimensional structures are not accessible by traditional x-ray crystallography. Overcoming this hurdle has required the development of new coherent imaging methods to harness new coherent x-ray light sources. Here we review the revolutionary advances that are transforming x-ray sources and imaging in the 21st century.

Nima fahimian, md

Field studies were carried out in wet seasons of 2014 and 2015 in rice fields of College Farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to understand the abundance and biodiversity of spiders in varied rice cultivation systems. Design of the experiment was split plot with three main modules, viz., transplanted, broadcasted and drum sown rice and subtreatments under each main module included three plant protection methods viz., organic protection, farmers’ practices and ‘no protection’ practices. Results showed that predator numbers in ‘no protection’ and organic protection plots of all main treatments were more than in farmers’ practices indicating the impact of the chemical pesticides. A total of 22 genera of spiders belonging to 12 families were recorded which comprised of seven guilds based on their hunting strategies and microhabitats. Shannon diversity index ranged between 1.83 and 2.26 and Pielou’s evenness index was 0.59-0.72 in two years of study indicating a stable ecosystem and even species distribution in rice crop at Rajendranagar. Study of the guild assemblage indicated that orb-weavers constituted 28.1% of the population, ground runners 23.51%, space web builders 18.38%, sheet-web builders 13.12%, stalkers 8.04% and ambushers made upto 0.38% of the spider population. Understanding the vertical stratification of various spider genera on the plant gave further insight into the prey preferences of these predators.

Gorthi anitha

The past few decades have witnessed several attempts to establish renowned medical journals in the Republic of Yemen. Some of these initiatives were successful but fell short of the researchers’ expectations, because they failed to meet international standards of scholarly writing in the medical field. Recently, the civil war has dashed any hopes of launching such a journal from within the country. We believe that this is the right time to establish a new peer-reviewed medical journal of high standards which meet the expectations of all Yemeni researchers across the board, from both within and outside the country. As a result of enormous efforts, discussions, and extensive collaboration, we have now been able to finalize the structure and content of the Yemen Journal of Medicine (YJM). Files

Karishma

Inclusive education (IE) is a new approach towards educating the children with disability and learning difficulties with that of normal ones within the same classroom. It seeks to address the learning needs of all children with a specific focus on those who are vulnerable to marginalization and exclusion. It implies all learners – with or without disabilities being able to learn together through access to common schools and community educational setting with an appropriate network of support services. This is possible only in flexible education system that includes the needs of different types of learners and adapts itself to meet their needs. Inclusive Education addresses the diverse needs of all learners by reducing barriers inside schools. It is a process of strengthening the capacity of the education system to reach out to all learners. This educational approach provides all students greater opportunities for academic and social achievement. This includes opportunities to participate in the full range of social, recreational, arts, sports, music, day care and afterschool care, extra-curricular, faith based, and all other activities. Inclusive education argues that all children irrespective of the nature and degree of disability should be educated in general schools with non-disabled children. The schools and classrooms operate on the idea that, with right amount of support, students with disabilities can be as competent as students without disabilities.

Kamal singh

This research article focuses on addressing the challenges associated with joining dissimilar metals through the application of solid-state welding techniques, specifically Friction Welding (FW). The study aims to develop optimal welding conditions, tools, and parameters for achieving a successful Aluminum–Steel (Al–Fe) butt joint. The resulting weld is extensively characterized through mechanical tests, microstructure analysis, and micro hardness measurements. Additionally, finite element analysis is conducted to simulate the behaviour of the prototype engine valve. The findings provide valuable insights into the feasibility and performance of friction welding for dissimilar metal joints, contributing to the further development and understanding of this welding technique.

Boopathy govindarajan

In present study various fungicides were screened against blast (leaf and neck) and sheath blight disease of rice. Among them, Conika 50% WP (Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP), Dhanucop Team (Tricyclazole 75% WP) and RIL-068/F1 48 WG (Kresoxim methyl 40% + Hexaconazole 8% WG) were found effective against blast diseases. While, the seed treatment fungicide Isotianil SC 200 and its combination with Trifloxystrobin 500 SC were found least effective against leaf and neck blast diseases. However, in case of sheath blight, Thifluzamide 24% SC, RIL-068/F1 48 WG (Kresoxim methyl 40% + Hexaconazole 8% WG), Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt), Tricyclazole 75% WP (Beam) and a new combination fungicide, Fluxapyroxad 62.5 g/l + Epoxiconazlle 62.5 g/l EC (Adexar w/v EC) were found effective.

Veerabhadraswamy al

A simple and rapid RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Levocloperastine fendizoate and Chlorpheniramine maleate syrup formulation. Resolution of the analytes was achieved within 10min, employing a mixture of 10mM mobile phase Buffer (pH 6.5): Acetonitrile (50:50, % v/v) as isocratic mobile phase, pumped at 1.0mL/ min through a C18 column (5μm particle size). The detection wavelength for the analytes was 227nm. The system suitability parameters were found to be acceptable. The linearity of response (r2>0.999) in the appropriate ranges (from 50% up to 150% of the expected concentrations of the analytes in the formulations), method accuracy (RSD<2.0%), repeatability and intermediate precision (RSD<2.0%), were confirmed. Robustness result indicates that the methods performance can withstand small variations in method parameters. Satisfactory results obtained in terms of analyte recovery and RSD, while analyzing marketed pharmaceutical preparations. Hence the method can be useful for regular analysis of this combination in marketed syrup formulation.

Prasanna pradhan

Argostemma quarantena, a new rubiaceous species from Vagamon Hills of southern Western Ghats, India is described and illustrated here. The species shows similarities with two south Indian endemics, A. anupama and A. courtallense, but differs in many qualitative attributes. The present status of genus Argostemma in India is briefly discussed. An artificial key for the identification of Argostemma in Western Ghats is also provided.

Dr. anoop balan

Periwinkle or Vinca rosea L. has medicinal importance with three phenotypes i.e., Pink, Red eye and White. The present investigation distinguishes the three traits i.e., white, pink and red-eyed flower-bearing traits of V. rosea based on morphology, palynology, pollen grain germination and study of anatomical features of leaf, stem and variations in parts of the flower. The results revealed that significant differences were recorded in stomatal frequency, stomatal index, size of the petals, pollen viability and pollen germination. The highest per cent viability appears in pink flower-bearing plants (98.8%) followed by red-eyed flower-bearing plants (34.3%) and White flower-bearing plants (34%). Similarly, the percentage germination of pollen grains is high in pink flower-bearing plants (98.1%) followed by red-eyed flower-bearing plants (33.3%) and white flower-bearing plants (33.3%).

Veerabhadraswamy al

Introduction Ataque de nervios (ADN) is a cultural syndrome prevalent in Puerto Ricans characterized as an episode of intense emotional upset due to overwhelming stress. Methods The Ataque de Nervios Questionnaire , developed at the Center for the Study and Treatment for Fear and Anxiety (CETMA), served as the diagnostic tool for this retrospective secondary data analysis. We evaluated three models regarding ADN’s function as a marker of (1) sociodemographic vulnerability, (2) health history risk, and (3) psychological vulnerability. This last model was subdivided to assess the scores of screening tests regarding anxiety (Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), affect (Beck Depression Inventory, Emotional Dysregulation Scale, Positive and Negative Affective Schedule), personality (NEO Five-Factor Inventory), and trauma (considering the responses to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Life Event Checklist). Results Our study sample had a total of 121 Puerto Rican adult patients from CETMA out of which 75% had ADN. We differentiated subjects according to their ADN status with t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests and evaluated our models using logistic regressions. People with ADN showed more anxiety, depressive symptoms, emotional dysregulation, and negative affect than those without ADN. They also revealed lower positive affect and agreeableness. Highly extraverted but minimally agreeable personalities related to ADN. Living with a partner and being employed were risk factors for ADN. Having higher educational levels showed the strongest effect size: it greatly reduced the odds of an ataque . Discussion These characteristics suggest a distinct profile of ADN seen in employed, educated, adult Puerto Ricans living on the Island experiencing anxiety. Our study provides clinical tools to comprehend our patients’ ADN experience, enriching our practice as culturally competent health providers.

Alisha m subervi vázquez

This paper attempts to review the status of law in the context of the UK. The critical areas reviewed in the study included the nature of the legal systems within the UK, focusing on the role played by law within the community and the sources of law. In the second task, the connection between law and the business world is established, trying to ascertain the role of company law, employment laws, the law of contract, and the intellectual property to the businesses. Task three assessed the existing laws regarding the different types of business organizations created in the country, concentrating on the legal requirements for establishing the same. The last task focused on the recommendation that the study makes in conclusion regarding the dispute resolution processes available in the current business world.

Zamzam abdelazim

Stroke and its associated disabilities are a growing public health challenge in many developing countries where a combination of poor awareness and poor medical care is driving up mortality rates. The rising cases are attributed to the rising prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension, obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse, and diabetes mellitus within the population. The prevention of stroke through awareness, knowledge, and lifestyle modification is a common approach used in public health intervention programs. Awareness and knowledge of stroke vary widely between communities partly because of access to relevant health information. This study assessed awareness, knowledge of stroke risk factors, and attitude toward stroke prevention. This study was a community-based survey among adults ≥40 years old in semi-urban communities of two local government area councils of Benue State, North Central Nigeria. The sixteen-item questionnaire used in this study is subdivided into socio-demographic information, knowledge of risk factors, symptoms of stroke, current morbidity, and attitude toward stroke prevention. The survey was done using two adults per household selected using simple random method and completed questionnaires were retrieved for analysis. The Chi-square test was used to determine the association between demographic variables and knowledge of stroke. The result showed poor levels of stroke awareness (47.3%), knowledge (44.6%), symptoms (44.6%), risk factors (20.6%), and symptoms (44.6%). Awareness of stroke and its risk factors is significantly association with age, gender, marital status, educational status, occupation, and income. Many respondents had poor knowledge of stroke and its risk factors. There is a need for improvement in stroke awareness in underserved communities, particularly those with limited access to mass media.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences