Nature provides drugs in the form of medicinal plants to cure all ailments of mankind with fewer side effects. These medicinal plants can cause some serious damaging effects on the vital organs of the body too; there is a need of toxicity studies to provide their safe use both in human and animals. The present study reports the acute systemic toxicity of methanolic extracts of leaves of Adenanthera pavonina L., Peltophorum roxburghii Deneger., Prosopis cineraria Druce and Prosopis juliflora DC., (Mimosaceae) in swiss albino mice to explore their suitable doses for pharmacological screening. Observations were made immediately and after 1/2, 1, 4, 24 and 48hours of intraperitoneal drug administration. Adenanthera pavonina extract at the dose of 150 mg/kg body weight is considered to be safe. Whereas remaining extracts of investigated plants are relatively safe at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight.

Dr. salman ahmed

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of supply chain management, offering unprecedented opportunities for optimization, efficiency, and innovation. This white paper explores the various applications of AI in supply chain operations, highlighting its potential to revolutionize the way businesses manage inventory, logistics, demand forecasting, and more. Through real-world examples and case studies, we demonstrate how AI-driven technologies are reshaping traditional supply chain practices and driving competitive advantage in today's dynamic marketplace.

Kalpak

This study investigated the effect of health education on posture practices in reducing low back pain among patients in Rivers state, Nigeria. To achieve this, pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was employed, and the study targeted 170 patients at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Two objectives having corresponding research questions and hypotheses guided the study, while convenience and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 50 participants, comprising 35 patients from the general outpatient clinic department and 15 patients from the spine physiotherapy unit, with 20 male and 30 female participants. Data collection was done by administering a self-structured, self-administered questionnaire, titled health education effect on ergonomic practices and low back pain, which had a reliability coefficient of 0.75. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses. The research found that educating patients on various methods of preventing low back pain, including healthy weight maintenance, warm-up exercises, and proper postural habits while sitting and standing, had a noteworthy impact on reducing pain. Moreover, the study also revealed that health education programmes were successful in therapeutic posture practices and reducing low back pain in patients residing in Rivers state. Therefore, the study concluded and recommended that health education interventions for functional and therapeutic posture practices are effective strategies for reducing low back pain among patients in Rivers state, and healthcare providers should incorporate these interventions into their treatment plans for patients suffering from low back pain.

Fxintegrity publishing

Effective project management requires an understanding of how stakeholders are impacted by project failure. It draws attention to the effects on those involve finances, reputations, and emotions, assisting organizations in risk avoidance and fostering stakeholder satisfaction, trust, and long-term success. The purpose of this study is to provide proactive risk management, stakeholder involvement, and project result strategies. In order to compile this study, we have used a number literature reviews ranging from 2004 to 2023. The study's findings show that project failure results in significant financial losses, harms reputation, has legal ramifications, affects employee wellbeing, stifles relationships with stakeholders, stifles innovation, and endangers communities and the environment. By Adopting proactive risk management, strong governance, open communication, employee support, stakeholder involvement, strategic resource allocation, and social and environmental responsibility to reduce these negative effects and achieve sustainable project outcomes. The policymakers, practitioners and academia should focus risk factors those are associated with the project failure and hance manage a good harmony among the stakeholders.

Nazim ullah

We pose various congruences on the integers of form 6^n+1,n∈Z_+, which may encourage younger number theorists to research number theory and settle new dimensions in this field. We observed that there are only three prime numbers, namely 7,37, and 1297 of form 6^n+1,n∈Z_+, and no one Fermat numbers attains this form. Moreover, these integers end with 7, like Fermat numbers F_n,n≥2. Also, we discussed some congruences with number theoretic functions σ,φ and Möbious function μ.

Rajiv kumar

Hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute-pancreatitis (HTG-AP) is an important etiology of acute pancreatitis (AP). The treatment includes general management of AP with bowel rest, analgesia, and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Specific treatment of HTG-AP focuses on reducing serum triglyceride (TG) levels. Various modalities have been used, including heparin infusion, insulin infusion, plasmapheresis, and double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP). However, the extent to which TG reduction translates into a clinical response remains unclear. This review highlights the emerging evidence on the management of HTG-AP. Insulin therapy and plasmapheresis remain treatment options to reduce TG. DFPP is an emerging treatment modality to reduce TG levels in patients with AP. However, to what extent this translates into a better clinical response is yet to be answered in large and prospective study designs.

Karishma

Background/Objectives: Healthcare discrimination poses significant challenges to the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the role of social support in alleviating these effects has not been fully explored. Drawing on Cohen and Wills’ social support buffering model, this study examined whether social support moderates the association between healthcare discrimination and HRQoL among individuals with T2D. Methods: We analyzed data from 5180 adults with T2D enrolled in the All of Us Research Program. Healthcare discrimination was assessed using the modified Everyday Discrimination Scale (mEDS), social support with the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS), and HRQoL (physical and mental domains) with the PROMIS Global Health Scale. Moderation analyses were conducted through linear regression models. Results: Greater exposure to healthcare discrimination was associated with poorer physical and mental HRQoL. Social support demonstrated a significant moderating effect on mental HRQoL: as social support increased, the negative association between healthcare discrimination and mental well-being weakened. However, this buffering effect was not observed for physical HRQoL. Conclusions: Findings suggest that social support can mitigate the adverse mental health consequences of healthcare discrimination among individuals with T2D. Interventions aimed at strengthening social support networks warrant investigation as potential strategies to improve the mental HRQoL of people with T2D who encounter discrimination in healthcare environments.

Emmanuel ekpor

A study of knowledge seeking behaviour of users is essential for evolving suitable guidelines for knowledge organisation and processing. The features of knowledge organisation and its use in problem-solving and decision-making are explained. Classification plays an important role in knowledge organisation. An understanding of mental models and mental maps helps in information needs of users effectively. The schemes classification in knowledge processing is highlighted. The paper examines the scope of knowledge organisation in the modern technology and its application.

Subhash reddy b

The mechanical heart valve prosthesis with a caged ball has been around for 60 years. It has since experienced changes and adjustments. The Starr–Edwards (SE) valve was a pioneer and was taken out of clinical use in the late 2000s. SE is reportedly close to or has reached the age of 50, according to numerous sources from around the globe. The author’s observations and review of the literature about thrombogenicity, pannus formation, left ventricular outflow tract obstructions, and infective endocarditis in the SE valves, which were reportedly higher before its clinical ending, were only an overestimation and were not supported by scientific data. However, it was less discussed in the article, along with potential benefits. The main reasons for its demise were its obtrusive size and unattractive shape. There have been several successful implantations of these valves in Asian nations and reports of fewer primary failures and unexpected cardiac fatalities. Therefore, there is a need for extensive data gathering, documentation, and more recent studies on these valves to prepare for a prospective revival of use with newer research, mainly when long-term durability is considered.

Karishma

Metformin is considered the first-line treatment as a monotherapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Emerging evidence suggests that metformin may have a renoprotective role; therefore, understanding the impact of metformin dose and therapy duration on renal function may significantly improve renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients. This study aims to investigate the renoprotective effects of metformin by analyzing its dose-dependent impacts on the estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used from September 2022 to October 2023. Data from 302 type 2 diabetes patients were collected from patient files at the Benghazi Diabetic Center and the Aljabal Al-Alkdar Diabetic Center, including all with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on varying doses of metformin. The collected data included age, gender, metformin dose, duration of metformin therapy, urea, and creatinine. Exclusion criteria included patients with significant comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (other than diabetic nephropathy), liver disease, heart failure, or malignancy; those taking nephrotoxic medications; individuals with recent acute illnesses or surgical procedures; pregnant or lactating women; participants with inadequate medical records; and patients who were non-adherent to metformin therapy. Survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of different metformin doses on the estimated glomerular filtration rate. The study analyzed 302 diabetic patients, of whom 46.0% were male and 54.0% were female. The age was 58.3±11.9 years. The HbA1c was 7.7%±1.3%. The duration of diabetes was 11.4±8.1 years. The creatinine was 1.0±0.9 mg/dL, and the urea was 36.7±23.8 mg/dL. Data analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in survival distribution across the dose groups. Different metformin doses significantly impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate, suggesting that dosage plays a crucial role in maintaining renal function.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

As we aware diabetes is not only one kind of symptomatic disease but its occurrence spread through the various metabolic channels and hence raises other disorders. The prolonged symptoms of diabetes also cause the complications of eyesight, Night blindness, kidney failure, and other autoimmuno dysfunction including sexual dysfunction. In those symptomatic diseases various drugs are used to treat the diabetes such as biosimilar therapy including use of insulin and insulin analogues, oral hypoglycaemic agents and various other complementary medicines. As herbal remedies i.e. M charantia Linn. (Bitter Gourd) are commonly known as fruit vegetables. The Leaves, Seeds, Roots, Fruits and the stem part of the plants are medicinally used in different diseases. It is most effectively used to treat the acidic condition of gastrointestinal tract. M.charantia is also called the oxygen radical scavenger, which takes part into metabolic pathway. Due to the oxygen radical scavenging activity of GSH it directly expedites the ROS neutralization and the repair of ROS-induced damage which is important to neutralize the acidic condition of gastrointestinal tract.The present investigation was carried out to study the characterization of present antidiabetic compound having different solvent extract of M.charantia in various solvent system. The overall conclusion suggested that the extracted compound shows the antidiabetic and diuretic properties. The total unknown protein concentration was 21.01 µg/mL which is similar with standard antidiabetic drug and the slope consists of 0.0314 with the line of intercept 0.081, which has been elaborated in results and conclusion.

Dr. wahul umesh b

This case report presents a rare instance of solitary endobronchial plasmacytoma in a 58-year-old male, who had progressively worsening shortness of breath and a productive cough. The patient, who had a smoking history, was found to have a large, hypervascular mass completely obstructing the right main bronchus, confirmed as a plasma cell tumor via endoscopic biopsy. Further diagnostic imaging, including positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and chest CT, revealed a mass measuring 1.7 cm with abnormal fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. The bone marrow biopsy ruled out multiple myeloma. The patient underwent challenging endoscopic debulking of the tumor, although margins were not well defined due to its size. Post-operatively, the patient showed significant symptomatic improvement and was discharged home on post-operative day 4. Two months after the procedure, follow-up with a chest CT scan and bronchoscopy showed no evidence of residual tumor or local recurrence, and the patient reported significant respiratory improvement. The literature review revealed that extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is uncommon and often occurs in the upper aerodigestive tract. The diagnostic workup generally involves histopathological analysis, bronchoscopy, and imaging studies. Treatment is tailored to the patient’s condition and the characteristics of the tumor. This case underscores the need for a high index of suspicion and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation of patients presenting with obstructive bronchial mass. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of considering endobronchial plasmacytoma in the differential diagnosis of obstructive bronchial masses and the value of early intervention in achieving favorable outcomes. Regular follow-up is crucial to monitor recurrence and ensure ongoing patient well-being.

Mohamad banat

The study aims to explore the possible morphological features of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (brushite) crystals on a glass slide. The study was conducted on a glass slide under a microscope to observe the growth patterns. As a result, needle, platy, star shape, and tetragonal bipyramidal crystals were observed. Different patterns of platy crystals, like plates with spatial branches and radiating assemblages of platy crystals, were also found.

Dr. salman ahmed

The phrase, "The world is ageing, but India has youth on her side," has been a soothing phrase. The average age of the Indian population will be 29 at the conclusion of this decade. As a result of this "demographic dividend," India is expected to account for a quarter of the world's additional increase in working population by 2040. There are 430 million people in our current workforce (ages 15 to 64). India will add 480 million people to its current workforce of 430 million in the next 20 years. Education is the most important tool for converting this demographic dividend into a sustainable economic resource and unlocking human capital's hidden potential. The suggested article attempts to identify gaps and loopholes in the education system utilising the basics of the Capability Approach as a comprehensive mechanism of evaluation and strategies to solve the aforementioned problems, allowing us to take advantage of our country's large demographic dividend.

Dr. amarjeet singh

Vaccination hesitation may affect the national efforts to slow down the spread of coronavirus among the population. This study was aimed to explore the views of final year pharmacy students at Faculty of Pharmacy, Elmergib University, Al kums, Libya towards COVID-19 vaccination. The study was conducted before the vaccine becomes available in Libya. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed on March 14, 2021 to the fourth- year pharmacy students at Elmergib ‎University, Al khums Libya. Results showed a high degree of hesitancy towards vaccination against this virus (52.6%). Student's participants who said they would take the vaccine probably have said that because of their stress that caused by COVID-19 pandemic (47.4%). With regard to the gender, the participants’ views had no significant difference between male and female students on whether to take the vaccine or not (P = 0.825). In conclusion, hesitations towards vaccination and stress caused by student fear from the virus need to be addressed to minimize public reluctant to take the vaccine and to improve the education process during the pandemic.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This study investigates the access and equity challenges faced by tribal students in higher education institutions in Telangana, India. Despite various governmental initiatives aimed at improving educational outcomes for tribal communities, significant disparities persist. This research employs a comparative analysis across selected universities in Telangana, focusing on enrolment rates, retention, academic performance, and support services tailored for tribal students. Data is gathered through a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with students, faculty, and administrators to gain a comprehensive understanding of the barriers and facilitators affecting tribal education. The findings reveal systemic inequities related to socio-economic status, cultural relevance of curricula, and the availability of financial and academic support. Moreover, the study highlights successful practices and policies implemented by certain institutions that promote inclusive education and enhance access for tribal students. The results underscore the need for targeted interventions to create a more equitable higher education landscape in Telangana, ultimately contributing to the empowerment of tribal communities and their representation in the academic sphere.

Dr gedam kamalakar

The current study used the chick emesis model to explore the anti-emetic effect of the methanolic extract of Acalypha ornata Hochst—roots. Emesis was induced by the oral administration of copper sulfate to male chicks. Acalypha ornata root extract (150 mg/kg orally) showed an anti-emetic effect and was compared with the reference drug chlorpromazine

Dr. salman ahmed

The aim of the present study was to explore the nature of visual representations in biology textbooks across five educational boards across Asia through quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Descriptive statistics was used during the quantitative analysis. Qualitative content analysis involved a deductive approach where visuals in these textbooks were examined and categorized into different categories based on a newly developed typology and taxonomy of visual representation (coding scheme). Under this newly developed typology and taxonomy (coding scheme), visuals in biology textbooks can be categorized into 19 different categories. The findings of the study summarized the characteristics of visual representation usage in these textbooks in terms of their prevalence, distributional differences and trends. Through this study, a new perspective on the taxonomy and classification of visual representations, especially for biology textbooks, has been proposed. Biology teachers and textbook authors can gain insights through the findings of the study. Subjects: General Science; Biology; Secondary Education

Dr t premalatha

Clinical microbiology serves as a partner to clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Antibiotics are prescribed empirically before the availability of antimicrobial susceptibility testing data, especially when the patient's medical status could deteriorate by suspending the treatment. To investigate the impact of antimicrobial susceptibility testing on the management of outpatients with suspected bacterial infection in Libyan patients, a cross-sectional prospective study concluded on microbial microdroplet culture by including outpatients with suspected bacterial infection, who have done antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Thus, 53 Libyan patients with urinary tract infections and 14 Libyan patients with skin infections were included in this study. Before the availability of antimicrobial susceptibility testing data, 25 patients were appropriately treated while 42 patients were inappropriately treated. After the availability of antimicrobial susceptibility testing data, the number of appropriately treated patients increased to 57 patients. Thus, antimicrobial susceptibility testing improved the management of 41 patients by discontinuing an unnecessary antibiotic in four patients, starting necessary antibiotic therapy in 18 patients, and changing to more appropriate antibiotic in 19 patients. However, the antimicrobial susceptibility testing has no impact on the management of 24 patients and has led to the worsening of the management of two patients. The effect of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of antibiotic de-escalation was assessed in 35 patients; however, antibiotic de-escalation occurred in six patients. Thus, data of antimicrobial susceptibility testing has improved the management of Libyan outpatients with bacterial infection but their role in antibiotic de-escalation was slight

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Objectives: Improper and inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the possible factors affecting the transmission of antibiotic resistance is Because Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most serious pathogenic bacteria in hospital environments and resistant It is an antibiotic that causes problems in treatment. This study aims to determine multiple resistances Pseudomonas has been treated with antibiotics, arsenic and metals. Materials and Methods: In this study, 23 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from clinical specimens. for review Resistance of these bacteria to penicillin antibiotics was used by Kirby-Bauer method. The minimum concentration C.I.M. (and minimum lethal concentrations (C.B.M.) of antibiotics and heavy metals (cadmium, mercury) and arsenate Tubal dilution, agar and growth were performed in agar plate, respectively. Results: In this study, the highest and lowest MIC values obtained in Pseudomonas aeruginosa for metals, respectively. * 8 and 3 cadmiums (0.6 and 4.9 μg / ml), mercury (<0.12 and 4 μg / ml) and arsenate (10 × were 256 μg / ml). Of 23 strains, 84% to the antibiotic carbonicillin, 63% to piperacillin and 100% to 103 Arsenic and cadmium were resistant. Also, 82.6% of the strains were resistant to mercury. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have multiple resistance to arsenic, metals and the antibiotics are car penicillin and piperacillin.

Amirhossein jahromi