Various quality control tests are employed for solid dosage forms such as uniformity, dissolution and drug contents in order to assess their pharmaceutical equivalence. The objective of the current study was to assess and contrast five distinct metformin hydrochloride brands that are offered for sale in the Libyan market. The physicochemical equivalence of the five brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets (500 mg) were determined through the evaluation of official and non-official standards according to the USP including uniformity of weight, friability, hardness, dissolution rate and drug content. All the examined brands available in the Libyan market passed the official weight variation, friability, dissolution and disintegration tests and were equivalent. The friability test was found within the specified limit. All the formulations were disintegrated within 09 - 15 min. The tested brands were non-equivalent to the innovator Glucophage® according to their dissolution evaluation. The percentage content of the active ingredient of five brands of metformin tablets showed values within the monograph specifications (95% - 105%). In conclusion, all the five brands available in the Libyan market which were evaluated in this study cannot be substituted with the innovator product in clinical practice.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The study examined public-private sectors’ collaboration in human resource management and curriculum development in the administration of public senior secondary schools in Rivers State. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study comprised 281 principals in the 281 public secondary schools in Rivers State. The proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to draw up sample of 259 principals representing 92.2% of the population of the study (211 male principals and 70 female principals). An instrument titled: Public-Private Sectors’ Collaboration for School Administration Questionnaire (PPSCSAQ) designed in the modified 4-point Likert Scale with a reliability index of 0.87 was used for data collection. The face and content validities were ensured. Mean and standard deviation were used in answering the research question while z-test was used in testing the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study showed that to a high extent public-private sectors collaborate in human resource management and curriculum development in the administration of public senior secondary schools in Rivers State. It was recommended among others that the government should provide enabling environment and formulate favourable policies to sustain public-private sectors’ collaboration as it ensures effective human resource management in the state.

Fxintegrity publishing

Background Urban legends and myths are prevalent in drug-use environments. However, the distinction between myth and fact is not always clear. We found contradictory claims regarding the emergence of cold cook methods for producing methamphetamine when contrasting user-generated reports with official reports repudiating such methods as myths. Our aim is to open the topic for more academic discussion. Methods We examine cold cook methods of methamphetamine production revealed in our ethnographic study and interviews with former (n = 50) and current (n = 48) methamphetamine users. Data were collected in the suburbs of a large southeastern city in the United States. We compare the data with reports from law enforcement professionals and public health officials. Results Official reports claim the cold cook method described by users in our study is a myth and does not produce methamphetamine. Small-scale producers sell it as methamphetamine and users claim it has the same effect as methamphetamine. They are charged for possession and distribution of methamphetamine when caught with this drug. It appears the unintended consequences of recent policy aimed to reduce production and use of methamphetamine may be a user-friendly production method. We do not know the health implications at this time. Conclusion We do not make any definitive conclusions on the legitimacy of the stories or myths discussed here but instead suggest that labelling drug stories as myths might lead to dismissing facts that hold partial truth. The subsequent dismissal of cold cook methods among policy and public health officials risks a range of unintended consequences among vulnerable populations. We present our case for more research attention on the myths of methamphetamine production. Keywords: Cold Cook Methods, Cold Cook Methods step by step, Cold Cook Methods steps, Methamphetamine, Cold Cook Methods list

Kamal singh

Nowadays, the pharmacy profession is moving toward a multidisciplinary approach. Besides the pharmacists’ role beyond dispensing and checking the safety, quality and efficacy of the delivered medications, pharmacists are currently using their clinical knowledge to serve the community through different disciplines including drug counseling, vaccination, screening, and drug therapy management

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Using off-label drugs in obstetric-gynecology patients requires caution because of the high risk of pregnancy. Although there is still debate, data profiling its use in clinical practice is lacking. This study aims to observe the use of off-label drugs in obstetrics and gynecology patients in private hospitals, especially the pill Misoprostol. This study used a descriptive observational approach to hospital medical record data. Retrieval of research data retrospectively at Bunda General Hospital (X Hospital) for July 2017 – December 2017 and Sinar Kasih Hospital (Y Hospital) for January 2018 – December 2018. The number of samples was determined using the Slovin formula, with a systematic random sampling technique at X Hospital and total sampling at Y Hospital. The samples were 220 RM at X 130 Hospital and Y 90 Hospital. The research was conducted in the period January 2019 - March 2019. The results were analyzed univariately using several related references. The results showed 26.92% of misoprostol off-label use in X Hospital and 4% in Y Hospital. The off-label drug found was Misoprostol which belongs to the category of off-label indications (Missed Abortion, Incomplete Abortion, Blighted Ovum, and Induction of labor in cases of Serotinus, KPD, and IUFD), off-label doses (50 µg, 100 µg, and 400 µg), and off-label routes of administration (sublingual and vaginal). ​

Much ilham novalisa aji wibowo

It is with more sorrow and tremendous sadness we remember the death of our colleague the Libyan pharmacist, professor Mokhtar Ramadan Haman, at his home in Tripoli, Libya after long-suffering from brain cancer. He died on 02, February 2017 and his immaculate corpse was buried on the following day at the Souk-Al-Ahad cemetery, Bin Ghashir Palace. Professor Haman, was born in Tripoli, Libya, on January 1, 1957. He obtained his Bachelor of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1981 at the University of Tripoli and his Ph.D. in Pharmacognosy in 1989 at Cardiff University, UK.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: Poverty and malnutrition are associated with the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Nutritional reintegration with anti-TB therapy may improve treatment success rate. Aim: To investigate the nutritional status of low-income pulmonary TB patients in relation to the different anti-TB treatment phases. Methods: Forty five pulmonary TB patients and 40 controls aged 19-54 years, receiving treatment at Infectious Disease Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria, between September 2018 and July 2019 were studied. Serum total protein, albumin, iron and vitamin A were determined by colorimetric and HPLC methods respectively. Height and weight were measured and BMI computed, and data analysed using Student’s t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation at P<0 P=0.001).>0.05) respectively. Albumin and iron were significantly lower in CPAT-HIV compared with CPAT patients. Albumin correlated positively and significantly with iron (r=0.405, p=0.006) in TB patients. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is associated with decreased BMI, albumin, iron and vitamin A, and higher total protein, and globulin, suggesting that malnutrition may be associated with TB risk, poor treatment compliance and outcomes

Eworo raymond

Pharmacy education has evolved from the outdated changing 5 to 4 year dispensing pharmacy program that focus on the medicines value the compounding and dispensing to patient-oriented pharmacy program (Pharm D) that focus on patient, experiential learning (practicum courses), evidence -based program that does foster critical thinking, and clinical reasoning skills [1] and improving patient care.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The current study used the chick emesis model to explore the anti-emetic effect of the methanolic extract of Acalypha ornata Hochst—roots. Emesis was induced by the oral administration of copper sulfate to male chicks. Acalypha ornata root extract (150 mg/kg orally) showed an anti-emetic effect and was compared with the reference drug chlorpromazine

Dr. salman ahmed

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex and chronic illness requiring continuous medical care. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is commonly associated with obesity, hypertension, and a tendency to develop thrombosis, and an increase risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Diabesity is a term used to indicate the coexistence of obesity and DM. Diabesity increases as obesity is an emerging epidemic in modern societies, the co-incidence with DM is also rising, so a joint plan of anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemia for the management approaches. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on body weight and glycemic response in obese Libyan patients with T2D at the National Diabetes Centre in Tripoli, between July 2013 and May 2022. This prospective study included obese adults with T2D who were newly prescribed GLP-1RA therapy for six months with dulaglutide once weekly or liraglutide once daily. The study included 170 diabetic patients who were started on GLP1-RA as add on therapy to their treatment, with a regular follow-up with dietitian and their physicians to adjust their glucose-lowering medications, then comparing the effect of these agents on body weight and the level of glycated hemoglobin before and after 24 weeks of treatment. Most of the patients (n = 99, 58.23%) were in the age period from 54 to 74 years old and 101 of whom were female subjects (59.4%), with a mean duration of DM equal to 8.8 ± 7.3 years. The patients were divided randomly into two groups, the first group included 110 patients who received liraglutide pens showed a significant reduction in HbA1c from 9.6% (± 1.54) to 7.4% (± 1.03) by p < 0.001 and a significant weight loss from 88.3 kg (± 10.68) to 80.8 kg (± 11.83) by p < 0.001. The reported adverse events were in 23 cases of minor hypoglycemia due to gastrointestinal upset. The other group included 60 patients for dulaglutide pens and showed significant decrease in HbA1c = 9.6% (± 1.54) to 7.1% (± 1.2) by p < 0.05 and a significant reduction of bodyweight from 88.3 kg (± 10.68) to 83.8 kg (± 16.3) by p < 0.05. The reported adverse events were mild transient gastrointestinal distress for the initial week of a start and then subside with regular intake. Whereas, 115 patients (67.6%) with HbA1c above 10.0% before starting therapy, no patient with HbA1c above 10.0% after six months of both GLP-RA agents therapy. Thus, the uses of GLP-RA as add-on therapy for obese patients with T2D significantly improved glycaemic control with less hypoglycaemia, accordingly, reduce insulin requirement for blood glucose control and loss in body weight. It can thus be concluded that GLP-1RA therapy is an effective treatment option when used in obese patients with DM.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Nano technology refers to enhancing the function and delivering the upcoming smart solutions to products at the nanoscale level. It relates to organizing the molecules for altering in dimension and characteristic for improvement like smart fabric. These fabrics could assist producers with the added prominence on a standard of living, visual attraction, and system wanted technological produces. Nanosize particles can unveil unpredicted characteristics dissimilar from the bulk matter. The fundamental principle is that the features could radically be altered after the material is decreased to the nanometer scale. Nanotechnology has multipurpose functions in fabric manufacturing in producing the stain and wrinkles defiance, flame retardant, antimicrobial and antistatic properties, moisture control, ultraviolet protection, and release features. The nanomaterials inside the fabric could influence numerous qualities, comprising reduction, electrical conductivity, flammability, and strength. Nanotechnology has additionally created a significant impression on various application and implementation. Nano-doctored fabrics may advance numerous fabrications as the nano-science progresses further.

Munima haque

Background: Infantile hemangioma (IH) is observed at varying frequencies among children, impacting 10% of infants. The majority of uncomplicated IH cases experience spontaneous involution, while a minority necessitate intervention. This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of propranolol in treating IH in Libyan pediatric patients. Methods: From 2013 to 2016, a total of 100 patients diagnosed with infantile hemangioma (IH) were monitored at a pediatric tertiary hospital's hematology clinic. Their demographic and clinical information, along with digital images of the lesions, were collected prospectively to evaluate coloration, size, and improvement of the hemangioma lesions. Following parental consent to initiate treatment, a regimen of oral propranolol, atenolol, or a combination of propranolol and steroids was commenced. Results: The study included 100 children diagnosed with infantile hemangioma (IH), consisting of 62% females and 38% males. Out of these, 68 children were treated exclusively with propranolol, while 12 were started on atenolol. The remaining 20 children received a combination of steroids and propranolol. Hemangioma lesions were primarily located on the face (56%). After an average follow-up duration of 10.53 ±7.21 months, among the 68 children treated solely with propranolol, 12 under the age of 12 achieved complete resolution of their hemangiomas, 15 demonstrated near-complete resolution, and the remaining 41 showed a significant reduction in hemangioma size without considerable disfigurement. Following a six-month discontinuation of propranolol, 2 children from this group experienced a relapse of their lesions. In one instance, the lesion resolved after 12 months of resuming propranolol, while the other required 18 months of treatment. Among the children treated with atenolol, two attained complete resolution, two had near-complete resolution, and 8 exhibited a significant reduction in hemangioma size. No relapses or changes in lesion size were noted after the cessation of atenolol. Conclusion: Oral propranolol is considered both safe and effective for the treatment of IH at a daily dosage of 2 mg/kg, with no significant adverse effects reported. Atenolol serves as an alternative to propranolol, while steroids, despite their potential side effects, have been shown to improve lesions in certain pediatric patients. Nevertheless, further large multicenter studies are necessary.

Karishma

Vitamin D deficiency and its effect have attracted a considerable research interest due to its relation to glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, sensitivity and synthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin D levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus aged between 35 - 65 years and investigating their relations with glycemic control and obesity. The study included 74 Libyan patients with known history of type II diabetes mellitus (33 males and 41 females). Serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and vitamin D levels were biochemically estimated in these patients. Further, body mass index (BMI) was calculated for all the diabetic patients (weight in kilogram per height in meter square). The mean level of plasma glucose level was 150.58 ± 63.82 mg/dl (mean ± SD). The mean of HbA1c level was 7.90 ± 8.48% (mean ± SD). The mean level of vitamin D was 22.7 5 ± 14.97 ng/ml. The mean of BMI was 26.55 ± 4.10 Kg per m2. The findings showed that 58.10% of the cases had vitamin D deficiency (Out of which 24.24% were males and 85.36% were females). This study showed statistical significance differences in glucose, HbA1c, vitamin D and BMI between male and female patients. Moreover, elderly ages for both sexes had adverse effects on vitamin D status. Vitamin D levels have negatively been correlated with levels of glucose, HbA1c and BMI. It is concluded that vitamin D deficiency has an adverse effect on glucose homeostasis in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and this can be a contributor risk factor in complications of type II diabetes mellitus development in Libyan patients.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The aim of this study was to examine university students’ fear of success from the perspective of positive psychology. Two objectives were addressed: first, analyzing the relation between fear of success, optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and search for meaning in life; second, exploring the variance of the fear of success, taking into account the affective dimension of the self (self-esteem) and search for meaning in life. The results confirmed that fear of success was positively related to search for meaning, and negatively to optimism, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. The variance of the fear of success was explained by the self-esteem and search for meaning in life. Implications for school psychologists were discussed.

Elena stănculescu

Aging seldom comes alone and it is considered to be the major factor for many diseases and comorbidities and disabilities. The objectives of the study are to examine demographic characteristics and prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy of elderly patients who were admitted at Sebha Medical Center according to the selected period. This study is descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in Sebha during 2021. From 195 participants of the study, the highest rate of patients was from the age group of 65 - 74 years which accounted for 86 participants (44%) and followed by those age group of 75 - 84 years which was reported by 65 participants (33%). The majority of elderly patients have hypertension, (n = 116, 59%) and over one-third of the patients (n = 73, 37%) have diabetes mellitus while nearly one-quarter of patients have both diseases at the same time (n = 47, 24%). Nearly, three-quarters of patients have electrolytes imbalance (n = 142, 72%). Nearly, two-thirds of the patients had three to five comorbidity diseases (n = 122, 63%). Whereas, over one-third of the patients had just one or two comorbidities (n = 70, 36%). Almost all the participants have polypharmacy (n = 187, 96%). Just above half of the patients have five - ten medications (n = 100, 51%) compared with 45% of the patients from those who have more than ten medications (n = 87). This study showed that there is a strong relationship between the prevalence of polypharmacy and the number of comorbidities. A Spearman correlation test indicated that rate of comorbidities was related to polypharmacy with a significant correlation (P < 0.01). The present study found high prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy among elderly inpatients. Based on this high prevalence, practicing pharmaceutical care could play an effective role to reduce the risk of inappropriate polypharmacy among hospitalized elderly patients through encouraging clinical pharmacist to engage in clinical activities in hospitals.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: Cancer is the word used for a tumor that spreads & destroys the host and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. Good nutrition is important for good health. Methods: Non-experimental descriptive research design was adopted for a study to assess knowledge on meeting nutritional needs among 100 oncology patients receiving chemotherapy at Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Jaipur. Sample selection using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. Data were collected through a self-developed structured knowledge questionnaire. Results: Our results revealed that the majority of cancer patients, 43%, were in the age group of 31-40 years, 39% had no formal education, 32% had secondary education, and 17% had primary education. 76% were males, 24% were female, and 87% of participants did not have a family history of cancer. 55.23% of patients reported that nurses did counselling. The majority (67%) of respondents reported that they had previous information on meeting nutritional needs through diet counselling, and 33% reported they didn’t have any information about meeting nutritional needs. Most (45%) of cancer patients had poor knowledge, 26% had average knowledge, and 29% had good knowledge scoring. Conclusion:Conclusion:Conclusion:Conclusion:Conclusion:Conclusion:Conclusion:Conclusion:Conclusion:Conclusion:Conclusion: We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge We concluded that results show most (45%) of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy had poor knowledge meeting nutritionmeeting nutrition meeting nutrition meeting nutrition meeting nutritionmeeting nutrition meeting nutrition meeting nutritionmeeting nutritionmeeting nutritionmeeting nutritionmeeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that al needs during chemotherapy. However, the researcher developed an information booklet, and he hopes that the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy the booklet will surely enhance oncology patient’s knowledge of meeting nutritional needs during chemotherapy .

Dr k c yadav

India’s economic system has undergone significant changes in recent years reflecting globalization and changes in national policies. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of India’s economic growth, focusing on imports and exports. The study explores the key drivers of economic expansion, including trade liberalization, trade agreements, and technological advancement. It also explores the impact of international trade and geopolitical events on business models. It assesses the role of policy measures such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), the Make in India initiative, and various free trade agreements in generating economic benefits. The paper also assesses the trade balance and its impact on India’s economic stability and growth. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving the market, including diversifying entrepreneurs, investing in infrastructure, and strengthening the domestic economy. The review provides insights to policymakers, businesses, and academics who want to understand and harness India’s economic potential in the global economy

Dr gedam kamalakar

Background Mauritius embraces principles of a welfare state with free health care at point of use in any public facilities. However, the health financing landscape changed in 2007 when Private Health Expenditure (PvtHE) surpassed General Government Health Expenditure. PvtHE is predominately out of pocket (OOP) with only 3.4% related to premiums for private insurance. In 2014, Household OOP Expenditure on health accounted for 52.8% of total health expenditure. OOP is known to be regressive and to impact negatively on households’ living standards. Objectives This paper aims to examine trends in OOP in Mauritius, to assess its impacts through an analysis of key indicators of financial protection, namely catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and impoverishment due to OOP health expenditure. It also aims to predict core determinants of CHEs. Methods Household Budget Surveys (HBS) of 2001/2002, 2006/2007 and 2012 were the primary source data. CHE and impoverishment were used to assess financial hardships resulting from OOP health payments. The incidence of CHE was estimated at three threshold levels (10,25 and 40%), using the budget share and the capacity to pay approaches. Impoverishment due to OOP was measured by changes in the incidence of poverty and intensity of poverty using the US$ 3.1 international poverty line. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of CHE. Findings Household CHE increased from 5.78% in 2001/02 to 8.85% in 2012 and 0.61% in 2001/02 to 1.25% in 2012, for 10 and 40% thresholds, respectively. The incidence of CHE was significantly higher in urban areas compared to rural areas. The highest levels of CHEs were among households’ heads, who are retired rising from 1.62% in 2001/02 to 3.71% in 2012, followed by households’ head who are widowed from 2.29% in 2001/02 to 2.63% in 2012 and homemakers from 2.12% in 2001/02 to 2.57% in 2012 at the 40% threshold. The share of households pushed below the poverty line due to OOP dropped from 0.4% in 2001/02 to 0.2% in 2006/07 before rising to 0.34% in 2012. In 2012, poverty gap occurred only among households under poorest quintile 1 (0.24%) and quintile 2 (0.03%). Overall poverty gap dropped from 0.08% in 2001/02 to 0.05% in 2012. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio of facing CHE were significant only among households with heads being retired and with a presence of an elderly member in the household. Conclusion Despite the rise in incidence of CHE between 2001 and 2012 the impact of OOP on the level of impoverishment and poverty gap has not been significant.

Ajoy nundoochan

A medication error is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate use of drugs or patient harm if it is not under the control of the health care professional. Despite the fact that healthcare professionals take the responsibility very seriously, it has been estimated that 250 000 Americans die annually due to medication errors. Although, estimates show that one in ten patients worldwide is affected by medication errors while receiving hospital care, the harm can be caused by a range of incidents or adverse events. The exact incidence of medication errors in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is unknown. In neonates especially premature infants, the immaturity of developing body systems affects the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs and therefore an exponential risk for medication errors is present. The risk of medication errors in children are much greater than adults.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Improving the agricultural productivity is an imminent need to meet the food requirement of constantly growing population rate. It can be gracefully satisfied if the farming process is integrated through technologies such as big data and IoT. The integration of agricultural processes with modern technologies has emerged as the smart agriculture technology. This research work is focused on proving the suitability of the big data analytics for smart agricultural processes in terms of increasing production and quality of yields with less resources and overhead. This research paper expounds the extensive review carried out on the related works in smart agricultural farming, challenges in implementing the smart farming technologies at large scale, followed by the conceptual framework model for the effective implementation of big data together with IoT devices in smart farming.

Dr h shaheen