The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximate and micronutrient composition, physical, biochemical and sensory properties of the bread produced from blends of wheat, acha, uzaaku and unere composite flours. Six samples (A-F) were produced in the following ratios A= 100:0:0 (100% Wheat), B= 80% wheat flour, 10% acha, 5% uzaaku flour, 5% unere; C = 70% wheat flour, 10% acha, 10% uzaaku flour, 10% unere; D = 60% wheat flour, 15% acha, 15% uzaaku flour, 10% unere; E = 50% wheat flour, 20% acha, 15% uzaaku flour, 15% unere; F = 40% wheat flour, 20% acha, 20% uzaaku flour, 20% unere. The parameters were analyzed using standard methods. The proximate composition of the bread showed significant increase (p<0.05) in protein, fat, crude fibre, ash, and caloric (energy) value which ranged between 7.69-18.32%, 2.41-3.70%, 2.473.86%, 3.09-4.03%, and 285.25-304.06 (Kcal/kg) and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in moisture content (20.72-26.14%) and carbohydrate (49.37-58.20%), respectively. The micronutrient content showed increase in calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, vitamin B1, B2, B3, A and C as the amount of substituted flour blends increases. The result of the physical properties showed decrease in the loaf weight, loaf height, loaf volume and specific volume ranged from 240.60-218.80 g, 3.33-6.66 cm, 155.00-205.00 cm3, 0.71-0.85 cm3/g, respectively. The result of the serum biochemical parameters of rats fed the composite bread samples showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in AST, ALT, ALP, Bilirubin, creatine, urea and albumin values, respectively. The sensory attributes of the bread showed significant differences (p<0.05) in colour, aroma, taste, crumb texture and general acceptability such that the values obtained ranged from 6.05-8.90, 6.008.45, 6.40-8.60, 5.85-8.30 and 6.10-8.35, respectively. The findings of the study showed that supplementation of wheat with 10% acha, 10% uzaaku and 10% unere flour blends could produce well accepted bread samples.

Okechukwu obed chukwuemeka

Background:Calcium, the very important mineralhelps in growth and development ofinfants.Calcium helps in building strong bones, teeth,proper functioning of nerves and muscle, blood clot and in activating the enzymes that convert food into energy. Infants and Children are growing new bone all the time, they need continuous supply of calcium to support the healthy growth.Milk is the only food for infants which is richest source of calcium. Some infants are sensitive to lactose in milk because they have Lactose Intolerance. The present study aimsto develop an alternate milk forlactose intolerance infants with finger millet and pearl millet.Method:Traditional methods were used to process the milletswhich help in retaining and increasing the nutritional content in millets.The millet milk was analyzed for calcium content using the ICPMS.The millet milk was supplemented for 6 weeks to albino rats in comparison with cow milk. The tibia weight and length were measured and calcium content in tibia was analyzed. Result:The calcium content of the millet milk was 80mg/100mlwhere as in cow milk it was 120mg/100ml.The mean calcium content of the tibia inalbino rats was15.35±3.50mg/dl fed with millet milkand20.40±3.74mg/dl in rats fed with cow milk.Conclusion: The developed millet milk contain good amount of calcium on par with cow’s milk, it can be used as substitute milk for lactose intolerant infants.

Kimeera ambati

Cancer is one of the most extreme medical conditions in both developing and developed countries around the world, causing millions of deaths each year. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are critical treatment approaches, but both have numerous adverse health effects. Furthermore, the resistance of cancerous cells to anticancer medication leads to treatment failure. The rising burden of cancer overall requires novel, efficacious treatment modalities. Natural medications offer feasible alternative options against malignancy in contrast to western medicines. Furanocoumarins’ defensive and restorative impacts have been observed in leukemia, glioma, breast, lung, renal, liver, colon, cervical, ovarian, and prostate malignancies. Experimental findings have shown that furanocoumarins activate multiple signalling pathways, leading to apoptosis, autophagy, antioxidant, antimetastatic, and cell cycle arrest in malignant cells. Additionally, furanocoumarins have been shown to have chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic synergistic potential when used in combination with other anticancer drugs. Here, we address different pathways which are activated by furanocoumarins and their therapeutic efficacy in various tumors. Ideally, this review will trigger interest in furanocoumarins and their potential efficacy and safety as cancer-lessening agents.

Dr. salman ahmed

Every year, tax laws are updated to create a more straightforward tax system for every Indian taxpayer. It was determined to provide new voluntary taxation to individual assesses in the union budget under section 115BAC of income tax act 1961. This essay discusses the new optional tax system, a comparison to the previous tax system, and the applicability of optional tax in the current context. Understanding tax payers' attitudes towards optional tax and educating them about the new regime, the drawbacks of optional tax, and its implications for the upcoming fiscal year are among the objectives of this research. Data is generally gathered through questionnaires for this purpose, and various research papers and journals are read to provide better analysis. According to survey results, individuals will continue to use the old tax system because there are no deductions available under the new tax law. However, the majority of respondents concurred that the new plan is superior to the previous one since it is completely dependent on the degree of income and investment of the individual. Overall, it can be said that, if you set aside a few of the new tax scheme's flaws, it is the correct step towards becoming a significant tax reform in recent memory. Keywords: Section 115 BAC Optional tax regime, Old tax structure, Relevance.

Sabir mujawar

Pengembangan budaya keagamaan di sekolah merupakan suatu kewajiban yang harus dilaksanakan oleh sekolah dengan mendesain program pendidikan agama islam yang mengarah pada pengembangan budaya keagamaan. Fokus penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana perencanaan pengembangan program pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam meningkatkan budaya keagamaan di SDN Bletok Bungatan Situbondo? Bagaimana pelaksanaan pengembangan program pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam meningkatkan budaya keagamaan di SDN Bletok Bungatan Situbondo? dan Bagaimana pengawasan pengembangan program pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam meningkatkan budaya keagamaan di SDN Bletok Bungatan Situbondo? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analisis, jenis studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif dan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan: 1) Perencanaan pengembangan program pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam dalam meningkatkan budaya keagamaan di SDN Bletok Bungatan Situbondo, yaitu: penyusunan buku pintar, Penugasan anggota membuat rancangan kegiatan, nilai-nilai karakter prioritas utama, rencana strategis pendekatan botton up, perencanaan pengembangan budaya keagamaan oleh tim agama. 2) Pelaksanaan pengembangan program pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam dalam meningkatkan budaya keagamaan di SDN Bletok Bungatan Situbondo, yaitu: Roling tanggung jawab job deskription pengembangan budaya, Quality Insurence (Jaminan Mutu) pembiasaan keagamaan, Model uswah guru, pelaksanaan Budaya keagamaan. 3) Pengawasan pengembangan program pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam dalam meningkatkan budaya keagamaan di SDN Bletok Bungatan Situbondo, yaitu: pengawasan internal kinerja anggota dan eksternal melalui pengguna layanan siswa dan orang tua, evaluasi supervisor sekolah terhadap kinerja anggota, anak berkepribadian sesuai dengan nilai-nilai agama, monitoring oleh komponen sekolah dan tim agama, monitoring siswa, monitoring tingkah laku dan pembiasaan siswa, penetapan capaian dari Quality Insurence.

Educare: journal of primary education

Human being has some basic needs which include Food, Clothing & Shelter, in addition to above Healthcare, Education, Sanitation are also core part of basic necessities in modern society. In above mention basic necessities Healthcare facility was near to unavailable till independence for majority of citizens in country but this picture change dramatically with help of FDI allowed by Govt. of India. Foreign Direct Investment as a strategic element of funding is required in every develop & developing country. FDI inflows are long term in nature which causes source of non-debt finance, as well as bring modern & innovative technology in country by creating international network. In this paper, author attempted to discover how FDI is crucially impact on Indian Pharmaceutical Sectors progress by stimulating domestic investment & new employment opportunities, improving healthcare facilities to citizens in India. With the help of available relevant secondary data, a qualitative approach was followed for the study. It was found in study that the major factors responsible for attracting FDI in pharmaceutical sector are rise in outsourcing activities, demand in the generics market, demand from emerging segments, increase in domestic demand, large numbers of forthcoming patent expires. On the other hand Indian pharmaceutical industry is facing some challenges such as, low government expenditure on healthcare, poor healthcare infrastructure in rural areas, lack of proper Govt. policy to attract larger FDI in healthcare sector.

Anshuman vijay magar

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare and new but increasingly recognized immune-mediated fibroinflammatory condition known to affect multiple organs. The diagnostic approach is challenging, as there is no single investigation to confirm the diagnosis, which requires the integration of clinical, biochemical, and radiographic manifestations with classic histopathologic features to establish the diagnosis. The histology of IgG4-RD is determined by a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis in the presence of an increased level of IgG4 in most patients. The first line of treatment is systemic glucocorticoids, but adverse effects of the drug, suboptimal response, and disease recurrences on reduction or termination of therapy highlight the need for an alternative therapy such as rituximab, which appears to be a promising alternate agent in the treatment of IgG4-RD; however, its efficacy needs to be evaluated in large clinically controlled trials.

Karishma

Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. (Papilionaceae) is commonly known as Horse gram and Kulthi. The seeds are reported as anthelmintic, diaphoretic, diuretic and emmenagogue. It is also useful for asthma, bronchitis, and urolithiasis. The present study evaluated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects of the methanol extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum seeds in 200 and 400mg/kg doses. Significant results were obtained in all activities.

Dr. salman ahmed

Undergraduate students’ attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) in developing countries like Vietnam are rarely explored despite AI’s increasing presence in higher education. This study aims to investigate the attitudes of undergraduate students towards AI. A quantitative research method was used, involving a self-reported survey questionnaire. The sample consisted of 460 undergraduate students (196 males and 264 females) from five public and private universities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Data collection took place through a cross-sectional survey in November and December 2023. The General Attitudes Towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS), originally developed and validated in English by Schepman and Rodway (2020), was adapted to Vietnamese for this study. The scale comprised 20 items to evaluate students’ attitudes towards AI. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, t-tests, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results indicated a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.705 for the total variable, demonstrating acceptable reliability. Consequently, Vietnamese undergraduate students displayed moderately positive attitudes towards AI. The findings also revealed no significant difference in attitudes based on gender, but there was a notable variation based on the student’s year of study at university.

Le minh tien

Adenine causes damage to kidney structure and functions; thus, it affects its excretory functions and metabolism. Solanum macrocarpon is a vegetable commonly eaten in Nigeria. This study was designed to examine the potential anti- nephrotoxicity effects of Solanum macrocarpon leaves extract on adenine-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. A total of thirty (30) rats were obtained from the Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, and were divided into six (6) groups with five (5) animals in each group. The animals were fed with standard feed and drinking water, and treated as follows:, Group 1: distilled water, Group 2: 1000 mg/kg of Adenine only, Group 3: Adenine + 1050 mg/kg ethanol extract of Solanum macrocarpon, Group 4: Adenine + 1050 mg/kg diethyl ether extract of Solanum macrocarpon, Group 5: 1050mg/kg ethanol extract of Solanum macrocarpon and Group 6: 1050 mg/kg diethyl ether extract of Solanum macrocarpon. Biochemical parameters such as creatine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, bicarbonate, and superoxide dismutase were determined in the plasma using a Spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one–way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test, with P < 0.05 considered significant. The results indicated a significant increase (P ˂ 0.0) in SOD, creatinine, potassium, sodium, phosphorus urea and uric acid in the group treated with adenine alone, with a significant decrease of 33.3% in bicarbonate when compared with the control. Histopathological examination showed nephritis, through congestion, hypertrophied glomeruli, vacuolization of the endothelial cells lining the glomerular tuft, and interstitial nephritis by adenine treatment. The elevated creatine, SOD, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, urea and uric acid were significantly improved. In the groups treated with Solanum macrocarpon alcoholic extracts. In conclusion, Solanum macrocarpon extracts mitigated the nephrotoxicity caused by adenine.

Ogunbodede adedeji david

Education is power. It constitutes the foundation of all the multidimensional socio-economic development of a country. In the present context, we need manpower or human capital for generating the growth and development in a country. The Government of India has taken several many initiatives for promoting education at all the stages i.e. Primary, Secondary and Higher. But still, we find such issues as a high dropout rate at all the stages of education, rural-urban disparity, gender disparity, interstate variations pose as some of the problems that impedes the development of human resources in our country. Even the work participation rate in India indicates the necessity of proper planning of skill training and employment opportunity. Most interestingly, the existing general and conventional higher educational institutions have not effectively been able to cope with the contemporary challenges and changes with the result that the nature of curriculum which is by and large in place tends to create only degree inflation in our country. So, we need such institutes and institutional arrangement that can cater to the contemporary challenges so as to upgrade the quality of education as well as to provide need based educational programmes that can develop human power in the society. Effective or quality education especially at higher level can play a vital role in bringing around multifaceted human resource development, enabling the learner’s absorption in the job market and selfemployment. This paper will discuss how the accessibility of education can be promoted to all through a convenient mode of education system and how the disparities in education can be minimized, and also focus on the various strategies for strengthening higher education system in the country.

Dr gedam kamalakar

The Sigma Delta Analog to Digital Converter (SD-ADC) with passive analog components is presented. The digital blocks required for creating the samples with required sample rate and word length from the 1 bit ADC output are presented. The digital filters are initially modeled in MATLAB Simulink and validated in frequency domain. Further they are synthesized to Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA technology. The synthesis results report clock speeds up to 300MHz. The simulation results are used to validate the principle and verify the performance of SD-ADC. The results demonstrate a promising technology area of realizing SD-ADC as a reconfigurable block on FPGA to meet several signal processing applications with sampling rates up to few hundreds of KHz

P.a. harsha vardhini

The seeds of Cleome viscosa are used in traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of many diseases in Asia. This study evaluated fixed oil from the seeds of Cleome viscosa for analgesic and antiemetic activity by using the acetic acid induced writhing test in mice (intraperitoneally) and chick emetic model (oral treatment) respectively. The results showed significant analgesic and antiemetic activities of Cleome viscosa fixed oil.

Dr. salman ahmed

Crinum jagus, family- Amaryllidaceae, commonly called river lily is an important medicinal plant used in the treatment of cough. It is an anti-venom agent used among the rural people in south-western Nigeria. The research is aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and analgesic activity of Cinium jagus bulb in BALB/c mice. The bulb was extracted with methanol in a soxhlet extractor apparatus. Phytochemical screening was performed according to standard methods. Alkaloid fraction was obtained using separation by extraction and characterized by infra-red (I.R) analysis. Acute toxicity test was done before analgesic activity was determined in BALB/c albino mice using the hot plate model. The result indicated the presence of some bioactive constituents like alkaloids, terpenoids and saponin. I.R bands were observed at 1064.74 cm 1 (C-O) stretch of alcohol; 1415.80 cm-1 (C-H) bend of alkyl groups and 1639.55 cm-1 (N-H) stretch of amine among others. The extract significantly increased the mean latency time of mice on the hot plate when compared with control with 100 mg/kg at 120 minutes. This study indicates that the Crinum Jagus bulb possesses analgesic potential.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This exploratory case study employed Appreciative Inquiry Framework in answering the following questions: 1) What are the expectations set by the following to the student homosexuals; a) Self, b) Parents and c) Teachers; 2. What are the positive and negative effects of these expectations to the student homosexuals? and 3) How do these expectations affect the process of identity development of the student homosexuals?. The participants are five college students who identified themselves as homosexual. Written consent was secured to ensure that the research abides to the ethical standards. The data was triangulated through analysing the point of view of the student participants, their parents and their teachers. Results revealed that expectations set by the student homosexuals, their parent and teachers are all contributory factors that affect the identity development of student homosexuals. Moreover, it was revealed that those who have problems in their identity development experienced difficulties in their performance in school. Positive and negative effects of expectations were also noted as the participants shared their stories. With the results, it was recommended that teachers must treat all their students equally regardless of their gender preferences in life. Activities that support the holistic personalities of students must be given emphasis. The parents must support their children in whatever endeavour they take and provide them guidance to be successful in their academic pursuits. Lastly, a model of counselling procedure for student homosexuals was proposed.

Darrel ocampo

Customer satisfaction and profit making are the two motives that define software quality; therefore, software industry uses new technologies like component-based software engineering, re-engineering, etc., to make their software production more profitable. The proposed mathematical model is executed under ISO/IEC 9126 quality assurance model and justifies the definition of software quality given by IEEE 1061(1998). The model calculates the degree of stakeholder satisfaction (Q) by combining the quality attributes and it is validated using Shuffled Frog-Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) which improved the result by 2.46%

Dr deepak panwar

Working memory (WM) is a critical component of many neurocognitive functions. The literature has demonstrated consistently that WM impairment is more frequent and severe among substance-dependent individuals (SDIs) infected with HIV compared with uninfected SDIs; however, the SDIs who participated in these previous studies were primarily male. There are few published data on WM performance among HIV+ women with or without substance use disorders, and essentially no direct comparisons of WM performance between HIV+ men and women, regardless of substance use. We investigated potential sex and serostatus effects on WM among a sample of 360 SDIs (114 with HIV; 66% female) verified abstinent from alcohol and drugs of abuse at testing and generally comparable on substance use and comorbid characteristics. Participants were tested with the n-back task, a well-established WM measure that is sensitive to HIV-associated cognitive impairment. HIV+ men and women performed spatial and verbal versions of the n-back significantly less accurately compared with HIV− participants. Women showed slower response times compared with men on both versions, regardless of HIV serostatus. Individuals dependent on cocaine showed faster RTs compared with non-dependent users, but this effect was not apparent among opioid- or alcohol-dependent groups. Findings on n-back accuracy are consistent with our previous proposal that WM impairment represents a signature deficit among HIV+ SDIs; however, WM impairment appears less common among HIV+ women without a substance use history. The pattern of sex differences in response speed but serostatus effects on response accuracy is comparable to a recent report by our group of sex differences in learning speed but serostatus effects on delayed recall.

Ben spielberg

India’s economic system has undergone significant changes in recent years reflecting globalization and changes in national policies. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of India’s economic growth, focusing on imports and exports. The study explores the key drivers of economic expansion, including trade liberalization, trade agreements, and technological advancement. It also explores the impact of international trade and geopolitical events on business models. It assesses the role of policy measures such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), the Make in India initiative, and various free trade agreements in generating economic benefits. The paper also assesses the trade balance and its impact on India’s economic stability and growth. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving the market, including diversifying entrepreneurs, investing in infrastructure, and strengthening the domestic economy. The review provides insights to policymakers, businesses, and academics who want to understand and harness India’s economic potential in the global economy

Dr gedam kamalakar

Writing is a complex skill and is difficult for students to master well. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of Think Talk Write learning models with poster media on the writing skills of persuasion essay from fifth grade elementary school students. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test post-test control group. The sample in this study was VA and V class students of SDN Rambigundam 01 Jember. Collecting data in this study using interviews, tests, and documentation. The data analysis technique of student learning outcomes uses t-test. Based on the results of the t-test on the learning outcomes of students' persuasive essay writing skills, it is known that the value of tcount> ttable, (2.208> 2.0180), so it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted that the Think Talk Write learning model through poster media influences the writing skills of persuasion writing in the fifth grade students of SDN Rambigundam Jember 1. The results of the pretest and posttest activities also showed that the increase in the value of writing skills written by students in the experimental class was higher than the increase experienced by the control class. Difference in the increase in the average value experienced by the experimental class and control class by 3,7. Menulis merupakan salah satu keterampilan yang kompleks dan sulit dikuasai siswa dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran Think Talk Writedengan media poster terhadap keterampilan menulis karangan persuasi siswa kelas V SD. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu dengan desainpre-test post-test control group. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VA dan V B SDN Rambigundam 01 Jember. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisisdata hasil belajar siswa menggunakan uji t-test. Berdasarkan hasil uji-t terhadap hasil belajar keterampilan menulis karangan persuasif siswa, diketahui bahwa nilai thitung>ttabel, (2,208>2,0180), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis diterima yaitu model pembelajaran Think Talk Write melalui media poster berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan menulis karangan persuasi pada siswa kelas V SDN Rambigundam 01 Jember. Hasil kegiatan pretest dan posttest juga menunjukan bahwa peningkatan nilai keterampilan menulis karangan siswa di kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari pada peningkatan yang dialami kelas kontrol. Selisih peningkatan rata-rata nilai yang dialami kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol sebesar 3,7.

Educare: journal of primary education

A medication error is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate use of drugs or patient harm if it is not under the control of the health care professional. Despite the fact that healthcare professionals take the responsibility very seriously, it has been estimated that 250 000 Americans die annually due to medication errors. Although, estimates show that one in ten patients worldwide is affected by medication errors while receiving hospital care, the harm can be caused by a range of incidents or adverse events. The exact incidence of medication errors in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is unknown. In neonates especially premature infants, the immaturity of developing body systems affects the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs and therefore an exponential risk for medication errors is present. The risk of medication errors in children are much greater than adults.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences