Plants a wealth of secondary metabolites have been used for thousands of years to treat different ailments. A number of these natural products have shown biological and pharmacological activities and serve as the starting point in the development of modern medicines. Screening of crude plant extracts open the door for the way for discovery of novel bioactive compounds and elucidation of their structures leads towards new synthetic preparations, which can be administered in reproducible, accurate doses for particular therapeutic purposes. There is less known information about Samanea saman Merr., and Prosopis cineraria Druce. However, authors in this book present comprehensive information about traditional uses, biological and phytochemical investigation of Samanea saman Merr., and Prosopis cineraria Druce.

Dr. salman ahmed

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) owing to their very open characteristics are being very attractive and adaptive. With the openness comes security issues to be dealt. The most usual attack in mobile ad-hoc network is the black-hole attack. It advertises false path as shortest and newest to the destined node. On gathering packets containing data will drop them and does not send it to the destination. This paper proposes an algorithm to overcome such an attack under Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in MANETs. The proposal aims to detect and avoid black-hole attack by using the parameters of AODV routing protocol in its enhanced form of route recovery. The proposed algorithm has two different scenarios, where first comes the detection then the avoidance. The simulation results are obtained from NS -2 to authenticate the effectiveness of proposed technique in comparison with the existing protocols in the existence of black-hole attack with respect to change in simulation end time and active number of attackers. The implementation is assessed based on delay, delivery ratio, drop, overhead, throughput and packet forwarding ratio. The results obtained from network simulator are mapped to form a dataset, which is then validated on a modelled fuzzy inference system using MatLab software.

Fahmina taranum

With 450 questionnaires, the authors used SPSS software to analyze and found that the researched factors all had a positive impact on the development of community tourism services in Ha Giang province. In particular, the degree of influence on the development of CBT services in Ha Giang province in the order of importance is as follows: The level of organization and management of the tourism industry (QL), The participation of the community in the development of community tourism (TG), Tourism Resources (TN), Infrastructure Development (HT), Human Resource Training Development (NL). This result is the basis for us to choose appropriate solutions to improve the quality of community tourism services in Ha Giang province in the future.

International journal of business and social science research

Obesity is a complex and challenging global public health concern. It is a major disease involving excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Obesity is dangerous and has been related to a range of long-term health issues that can impact adults and children. According to the World Health Organization, more than one billion people worldwide are obese as of March 2022. In the Libyan situation, the prevalence of obesity has increased among the public over the last decade. This cross-sectional survey-based study is conducted by using self-structured designed questionnaire to evaluate the use of anti-obesity drugs and herbal products among Libyan people. Additionally, considered as an indirect method, pharmacist performance in obesity management was also evaluated. The investigators collected interview data from three different cities in the Northwest of Libya over a period of five months, 2019. A total of 170 participants who use weight loss products were randomly selected to participate in the study after obtaining their verbal consent. The participants' experience with weight reduction agents revealed that more than half of the participants (52.3%) used herbal products while 32.0% of the participants have used drugs of chemical origin and 15.6% have used both (herbal and drugs). The majority of the participants (91.4%) used these products without medical consultation which in turn led to failure to lose and maintain weight with 74.2% gaining weight after stopping using these products. In conclusion, poor pharmacist intervention in obesity management was revealed where the majority of the participants reported that Libyan community pharmacists had not been offering weight management services, monitoring weight loss progress, or explaining the risks of being overweight or obese.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This work was focused on identification and evaluation of process parameters of modified nanoprecipitation method, for fabrication of lomustine nanoparticles, with the aim of reducing cancer cell viability at low concentration of lomustine. The parameters controlling particle size, mostly in nanosize, were solvent/nonsolvent composition and emulsification speed of homogenizer along with aqueous phase volume. This controlled particle size is below 250 nm. The stabilizer concentration controlled particle size is within 68 nm ± 0.89 to 137 ± 0.94 nm with PDI 0.06 ± 0.008 to 0.25 ± 0.001. But, the stabilizer addition mode showed more uniform size distribution with PDI 0.085 ± 0.004. Entrapment efficiency was maintained well above 47 ± 0.23%. The drug release pattern was monophasic with controlled release over 24 hrs. In the method used, drug content was affected by ratio of polymer to drug to organic solvent, as well as homogenization speed and time. Percentage viable cells of L132 human lung cancer cell line remained, were only 5% at 100 μg/ml lomustine equivalent PLA nanoparticles.

Archana mehrotra

The study examined the impact of school enrolment growth on the carrying capacity of universities in Imo State, Nigeria. Three research questions and hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted the descriptive survey design with a population of 2,929 academic staff in the two public universities in Imo State. The sample size was 352 representing 12% of the population drawn using stratified random sampling technique. An instrument titled ‘School Enrolment Growth and Carrying Capacity of Universities Questionnaire (SEGCCUQ)’, structured on the 4 point scale, validated by experts and with reliability index of 0.84 was used for data generation. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while z-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. Among others, the study revealed that factors such as natural increase of population, influx of migrants, enforcement of compulsory education, raising of school-leaving age, increased enrolment of girls and so on influence school enrolment growth that bear on the carrying capacity of universities. It was recommended among others that the factors should help the governments and institutions to forecast enrollment more effectively likewise permit them to make adjustments to meet current or future enrolment.

Fxintegrity publishing

In Libya, pharmacy education and practice have a similar pattern to medical education and practice. Both sectors of public and private pharmacy education and pharmacy practice still significantly unchanged for more than forty years. It is a traditional pharmacy style of education and practice with a limited change of education and practice. Now, there are more than ten public pharmacy colleges and more than five private colleges established in Libya for a population of seven millions. In addition, there are several intermediate pharmacy institutes which provide a middle degree in pharmacy practice with a very limited knowledge in pharmaceutical sciences and training. Practice of pharmacy in Libya is still a classical mode with only dispensing medicines directly in almost a nonprofessional way and an old fashion way. However, the situation is old and complicated that needs a great deal of attention from different health policymakers and authorities such as Ministry of High Education and Ministry of Health, National Pharmaceutical Union and Libyan Association for Pharmacists.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Now a day’s contribution of Electronic banking towards economic development plays a crucial role in developing countries like India. Banks are no longer restricted to traditional banking rather it is shifted to the virtual banking system. Customers are experiences more feasible in banking operations because of Information technology. The banks are adopting IT-enabled tools and techniques for banking operations which improve in offering quality service to the customers. In traditional banking customers has to visit bank branches to avail banking services. Now with the ATMs, Internet banking, Mobile banking and Information Technology-enabled services are replacing the traditional method of service. In the recent days banks are concentrating on value-based service through E-banking. The present study throws a light on the growth of Electronic banking and its product which are used in the banking sector.

Kamal singh

Business nowadays has no boundaries of time, place, or information, so any firm must evaluate its performance regularly to ensure long-term viability. This study aims to determine the impact of employees’ motivation and job training on company performance in a family business called PT Anugrah Mandiri. It is an automotive spare parts distribution company in Medan, Indonesia established in 2010. As a family business run by many family members, PT Anugrah Mandiri tends to undervalue the importance of providing motivation and delivering practical training to its employees. This results in most employees being overwhelmed, and the business performance is decreasing. As this study's quantitative research method shows, motivated and skilled employees are the keys to a successful firm. The instruments used to collect data are questionnaires about employees’ motivation, job training, and company performance, and then processed using SPSS. Saturation sampling is used as the sampling method by administering the questionnaires to 50 employees of PT Anugrah Mandiri. The data analysis tool in this study is a multiple linear regression by carrying out a classic assumption test continued by testing the partial hypothesis or t-test, the simultaneous hypothesis test or the F test, and the calculation of the coefficient of determination. The statistical result shows that company performance increases by 0.422 and 0.384 when employees’ motivation and job training increase by 1 unit. All hypotheses in this research are accepted, and it can be concluded that employees’ motivation and job training influence company performance.

L

The use of Capsicum annum L. for culinary purposes dates back centuries. Its medicinal benefits have also been investigated in the past few days. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in 4 different colored (green, yellow, orange, and red) sweet bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) were investigated in 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. Current research is directed at authenticating whether Capsicum can be used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory, comparing the effects of the most used analgesic aspirin. The effects of ethanol extract of Capsicum annum L. were determined for analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion and hot plate test. Animals were divided into ten groups (n=7): (1) Control (2) CAG 200 (3) CAG 400 (4) CAR 200 (5) CAR 400 (6) CAO 200 (7) CAO 400 (8) CAY 200 (9) CAY 400 (10) Standard. All the extracts given intraperitoneally in rat hind paws of seven animals in each treatment group received 200, 400 mg/kg. Acute toxicity was also determined by increasing the dose to 3000 mg/kg, which showed no evidence of mortality. A statistical calculation was performed using SPSS software to compare the effects of aspirin and Capsicum extract. Positive results were obtained as compared to the control group; the analgesic effect was statistically significant (P˂ 0.05). These observations revealed that the fresh fruit extract of four kinds of Bell pepper at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/ kg possesses anti-inflammatory and pain-suppressing activities possibly mediated via PG synthesis inhibition.

Dr. salman ahmed

ABSTRACT The 2006 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio World Conference treaty concluded that all countries should migrate from analogue to digital terrestrial television by June 2015, starting with region one countries, comprising Africa, Europe, the Middle East and the Republic of Iran (Agona & Otim, 2012). The purpose of this research was to explore the technology adoption model (TAM) to address challenges associated with digital terrestrial television migration, and analyse the readiness of South Africa to migrate. A quantitative research was conducted in order to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Digital television offers many benefits for broadcasters, network operators, spectrum regulators, and consumers. In most countries, the transition was slower than expected, even though most European countries managed to migrate. The digital migration is not an easy transition and analogue switch-off can also be much more difficult. Studies have shown that analogue switch off (ASO) needs to be carefully planned and well budgeted for, and it also needs a good publicity campaign which must involve all relevant stakeholders, such as broadcasters, viewers, manufacturers, network operators, manufacturers and retailers. Even though studies conducted previously identified obstacles of digital migration to include; a) lack of awareness b) lack of information, c) influence of politics and d) influence of corruption.

Luyolo mahlangabeza

Objective: Pyrazolopyrimidines are heterocyclic molecules containing nitrogen as the main composition, and hence, they exhibit pharmacological efficacy. They are analogs of purines so that possessing wide applications in the field of medicinal chemistry. The main objective of this study is to synthesize different derivatives of pyrazole-pyrimidine classes by adopting simple methodology as well as by employing green chemistry. The purpose of the synthesis of these molecules is to study the antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell lines. Methods: After literature studies, it makes us to involve in the research of synthetic organic chemistry, especially to synthesize new compounds of pyrazolopyrimidines. We are reported solvent-free synthesis of pyrazolo [3,4-d]-pyrimidine-thiones through ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, thiourea, and different benzaldehydes. An ionic liquid 2-methyl-imidazolium-oxalate catalyzed the reactions under ultrasonication bath. Both conventional and ultrasonic methods were employed and comparison studies have been made. It was found that ultrasonic method completed the reaction quicker than the conventional method. All the synthesized compounds were confirmed their structures by 1 HNMR, Fourier transform infrared, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis spectra. The compounds were tested for in vitro anticancer activity against EAC cell lines. Most compounds revealed significant anticancer activity relative to doxorubicin as a positive control with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Results: Ultrasonication method is a simple method under which all the reactions were completed at faster time (<7 min) compared to the convention method. Among eight molecules, 8a and 8d completed the reactions at a faster rate. We reported IC50 values of all the molecules, in which 8e and 8g were exhibited excellent potency against EAC cell lines at different concentrations .

Dr ganesh n yallappa

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a persistent oral mucosal condition that carries an elevated risk of undergoing malignant transformation. Our objective was to elucidate the involvement of epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSF and its progression to malignancy by studying a panel of EMT markers, thereby understanding the molecular mechanisms. Methods: An immunohistochemical analysis was done to detect the presence of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, pancytokeratin (PanCK), vimentin, α-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin), and CD44 in a total of 100 tissue samples. These samples comprised 40 cases of OSF, 20 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with OSF (OSFSCC), and 40 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A whole transcriptomic analysis was performed on a group of seven matched samples encompassing NOM, OSF, OSFSCC, and OSCC. Results: We observed significantly decreased expression of E-cadherin and PanCK, while N-cadherin, vimentin, α-SMA, and CD44 showed significantly higher expression in OSFSCC and OSCC as compared to OSF, both at protein and RNA levels. CD44 expression was noticeably higher in OSFSCC (p < 0.001) than in OSCC. Conclusion: Downregulation of epithelial markers with concomitant upregulation of mesenchymal and stem cell markers suggests the potential role of EMT and stemness in accelerating the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OSF. The high levels of CD44 expression seen in OSFSCC indicate a high propensity for aggressiveness and acquisition of stem-like characteristics by the cells undergoing EMT.

Mohit sharma

Abstract- The role of support vector machine in the evaluation of English teaching effect is very important, but there is a problem of inaccurate evaluation of results. The traditional English teaching mode cannot solve the accuracy and efficiency of the effect evaluation of students' English teaching and cannot meet the requirements of English teaching effect evaluation. Therefore, this paper proposes a neural network algorithm to innovate and optimize the analysis of support vector machines. Firstly, the relevant theories are used to construct a multi-index English teaching effect evaluation system with teachers and students as the main body, and the indicators are divided according to the data requirements of English teaching effect evaluation indicators to reduce the support vector machine in the interfering factor. Then, the neural network algorithm is used to solve the optimal solution of kernel function parameters and regularization parameters of the support vector machine, and the support vector machine scheme is formed, and the support vector machine results are carried out Comprehensive analysis. MATLAB simulation shows that the evaluation accuracy of the English teaching effect of the neural network algorithm and the support vector machine under certain evaluation criteria Optimal, short evaluation time.

Lokesh n s

Communication is not always direct; it often involves nuanced elements like humor, irony, and sarcasm. This study introduces a novel two-level approach for sarcasm detection, leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are crucial for many deep learning applications, yet their deployment on IoT devices is challenged by resource constraints and the need for low latency, particularly in on-device training. Traditional methods of deploying large CNN models on these devices often lead to suboptimal performance and increased energy consumption. To address this, our paper proposes an energy-efficient CNN design by optimising batch normalisation operations. Batch normalisation is vital for deep learning, aiding in faster convergence and stabilising gradient flow, but there has been limited research on creating energy-efficient and lightweight CNNs with optimised batch normalisation. This study proposes a 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) optimisation technique for batch normalization. This technique introduces an energy-efficient CNN architecture. We investigate the use of batch normalization optimization to streamline memory usage and computational complexity, aiming to uphold or improve model performance on CPU-based systems. Additionally, we evaluate its effectiveness across diverse datasets, focusing on energy efficiency and adaptability in different settings. Furthermore, we analyze how batch normalization influences the performance and effectiveness of activation functions and pooling layers in neural network designs. Our results highlight batch normalization's ability to enhance computational efficiency, particularly on devices with limited resources.

Jiby mariya jose

Overall, disability refers to a physical or mental state that impairs an individual's ability to function in daily life. It suffices to say that disability is a medical-social issue that affects both the family and the nation. In a country like India, where girl children are frequently stigmatized as a burden on society, the condition of girl children with special needs is frequently subject to carelessness, lack of compassion, and illiteracy. Though the situation has improved slightly since the introduction of inclusive education, the situation is critical for tribal girl students with special needs. In a fragile socioeconomic environment, tribal girls are already vulnerable to high dropout rates, early marriage, and an ignorant attitude from family members, but the situation is pitiful for tribal girls with special needs. The tribal girl students with special needs suffer quadruple discrimination of being female, being disabled, being ST, and being socio-economically backward. Here, intervention through artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted devices can be critical in overcoming the barriers encountered by tribal girl students with special needs in the process of inclusion and development

Souren bhattacharya

The soil samples were collected from Melia dubia plantations in two different locations in Tamil Nadu. A total of twenty five actinomycetes isolates were isolated and they were screened for melanin pigment production using different culture media. Only two isolates were able to produce melanin pigment under in vitro study and one isolate showed positive reaction to L-tyrosine substrate. Based on morphological and bio-chemical characters the isolate was identified as Streptomyces sp. The DNA of the isolate was isolated and its 16S rDNA gene was amplified and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of Streptomyces puniciscabiei was carried out.

Dr. saranya devi k

Recently, the definition of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), a condition with a complicated pathogenesis, has been revised. Logically, CRS syndrome should be classified according to the initial organ that is injured, resulting in damage to another organ. Hence, there are only three main categories of CRS. Category one includes acute and chronic CRS. Category two involves renal-cardiac syndrome (RCS), which can be classified as acute or chronic. The third category represents secondary CRS, referred to as cardio-reno-cardiac syndrome (CRCS), which can be subdivided into acute and chronic CRCS. In this part of our series, we will discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute CRS. We retrieved articles published on acute CRS using different keywords and phrases between January 2019 and June 2025 to achieve these goals.

Karishma

Pyrazole is a nitrogen containing 5-membered heterocyclic compound containing 3 carbons& 2 nitrogen atoms in the adjacent position of ring structure and is chemically known as 1, 2- diazole. Pyrazole nucleus is present in many pharmaceutically important compounds and intermediates . Majority of anti-inflammatory agents currently employed have GI irritation and enhanced acidity as side effects. As part of our efforts to develop newer and effective anti-inflammatory agents , ten newer pyrazole carbaldehydes were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity using Diclofenac was the standard. Out of ten compounds synthesized, all compounds exhibited comparable activity with that of the standard.Highest percentage of haemolysis was observed for Pyrazole carbaldehydes with methoxy phenyl groups as substituents. These compounds should be considered for developing as leads for newer & safer anti-inflammatory agents.

Vinod b

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a prevalent congenital cardiac anomaly. It is increasingly acknowledged as a significant factor in cryptogenic ischemic stroke, especially among young adults experiencing otherwise unexplained cerebrovascular incidents. This review summarizes recent advances in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies, and management of PFO-related stroke. The article examines the intricate mechanisms of PFO-associated strokes, including paradoxical embolism, in situ thrombus formation, and atrial cardiopathy, while emphasizing the significance of anatomical risk factors like large shunt size and atrial septal aneurysm. The clinical implications of PFO in various disorders, such as migraine with aura, decompression sickness, and high-altitude pulmonary edema, are also analyzed. Diagnostic modalities such as echocardiography and transcranial Doppler are compared, focusing on their sensitivities and procedural details. The review focuses on evidence-based methods for medical, interventional, and device-based closure of PFO, highlighting patient selection and ongoing controversies. The ongoing uncertainties surrounding causal relationships, risk stratification, and optimal therapy highlight the necessity for continued research. This review offers a current synthesis for clinicians and researchers addressing the challenges associated with the evaluation and management of PFO in stroke prevention. To achieve the aims of the article and make it concise, PubMed, Google, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched for original and review articles published in the last 10 years. Several keywords, phrases, and texts were utilized.

Karishma