Because of globalisation's intense change and competition pressure, businesses are driving from the company's dimension of individual management to collaborative cooperation approaches aided by the anticipated business strategy. A business strategy is a decision or action of a business or organisation to attract customers and achieve the organisation's objective. These strategies are the master plan for securing a competitive position of the firm market area of the competitors. Through business strategies, organisations will carry their business operations and fulfill the customers' desires and demands. Multination organisations and firms establishing subsidiaries and business entities in international markets or foreign countries must adopt different strategies during the integration process. The macro-economic and intercultural factors are the epicenter for change and must be considered in complex ventures. In the modern competitive market, multinational firms must collaborate and communicate with the partners, suppliers and customers through a complicated and temporary product supply chain. Business strategies involve complex processes requiring information on the diverse sources that need simultaneous changes by the managers of entrepreneurs. I this report, I choose Tesla Inc or Tesla Motors to explore the key strategies they have anticipated to inherit the global motor vehicle sector within the past few decades. The organisation was founded in 2003 by a group of various engineers. Tesla Motors deal in the automotive industry and has transformed its services to the global society.

Zamzam abdelazim

The purpose of the study was explored to find out the land and aquatic plyometric training on vital capacity among college men athletes. For the purpose of the study, forty five (n=45) men college athletes from Pudukkottai, Tamilnadu, India during the year 2019-2020 were selected as subjects. Their ages were from 18 to 21 years. The selected participants were divided at random into three groups of fifteen each (n=15). Group-I underwent land plyometric training, group-II aquatic plyometric training, and group-II acted as control group. The duration of the training period was restricted to eight weeks and the number of sessions per week was confined to five. The selected variable vital capacity was assessed by wet spirometer. The data were collected prior to and immediately after the training period of twelve weeks. The data obtained from the experimental groups before and after the experimental period were statistically analyzed with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Whenever the ‘f’ ratio for adjusted post test means was found to be significant, the scheffe’s post hoc test was applied to determine the paired mean differences. The level of confidence was fixed at 0.05 level for all the cases. The results of the study showed that aquatic plyometric training group is better than land plyometric training group and control group on improving vital capacity.

Dr.i. john parthiban

Background: Unexplained infertility is a frustrating diagnosis both for the patient and the clinician, with a prevalence of 16%-37%. It commonly refers to a ‘diagnosis’ made when tubal, ovulatory and husband factors are ruled out. A couple is usually referred for evaluation after 1 year of unsuccessful trials of conception with unprotected intercourse in the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. Unani formulation comprises of baikh asgand (Withania somnifera Dunal), baikh piyabansa (Barleria prionitis Linn), gule dhawa (Anogeissus latifolia) and gule nilofar (Nymphaea alba Linn) were used for the treatment of uqr, possessing the properties of muqawwi rahim, moaene hamal, moallide mani, etc. Case presentation: A married couple (22 years female partner & 26 years male partner) presented to NIUM Hospital OPD, with chief complaint of failure to conceive since 5 years. The couple report a high degree of stress related to their lack of success. Investigations were carried to check for tubal patency, ovulatory function and semen analysis. Diagnosis of unexplained infertility was made after thorough evaluation of the case. The powder of above mentioned formulation was given 6g twice a day orally with milk from 5th day of cycle for 5 days. Patient got conceived after taking treatment for two consecutive cycles. Discussion: Here we report evidence based management with Unani medicine to help combat the significant physical, psychosocial and economic toll on couples. Keywords: Unexplained infertility; Primary infertility; Uqr; Muqawwi rahim; Moaene hamal; Moallide mani; Unani medicin

Dr ismath shameem

This study aims to determine the functional literacy acquisition of Alternative Learning System learners and make a sound basis for strategic planning and pedagogical intervention that will help promote and develop the said program. The descriptive-evaluative method of research was used in the study. The descriptive method was used to identify the respondents' profile based on (a) age, (b) gender, (c) civil status, and (d) employment status. The evaluative method was used to determine the respondents' functional literacy acquisition in (a) communication skills, (b) scientific and critical thinking skills, (c) mathematical and problem solving skills, (d) life and career skills, (e) understanding the self and society, and (f) digital citizenship (formerly digital literacy). Frequency Count and Percentage Technique was used to describe the functional literacy acquisition of the respondents. Meanwhile, a modified survey questionnaire based on the functional literacy, education and mass media survey ("National Profile of Adult Literacy and Numeracy Skills," 2004, p. 91) was used as the primary tool to gather the data. The respondents in this study were the students enrolled in ALS-Sipocot (North and South District), the school year 2019-2020. Due to COVID restrictions, other ALS learners from other municipalities were not covered as part of the study. Findings revealed that ALS learners do not yet manifest the complete acquisition of functional literacy needed to face the globalized world's challenges because their attainment of the required functional literacy skills is generally low. Moreover, the study disclosed that sex, age, civil status, and employment status affect the acquisition of functional literacy skills among ALS learners in Sipocot, Camarines Sur. Based on the results, the researcher developed an extension activity to help the ALS learners improve their functional literacy, particularly in the digital citizenship area, where they got the lowest score.

Darrel ocampo

Phycochemical and pharmacological studies were carried out on Ulva fasciata Delile. The ash content was found to be 20.4812 % dry weight, moisture content 14.5514 %, and total fat content as 0.1878% and 0.49341 %. Total carbohydrate was found to be 54.5301-54.2246% dry weight, phenolic content was found to be 0.022%, flavonoids were found to be 0.0313%, and tannins were 0.00003 %. Ulva fasicata showed central analgesic activity and significant anti-inflammatory activity at 400 mg/kg bw.

Dr. salman ahmed

Inflammation is a natural aspect of the immune system's response. Pain, redness, heat or warmth, and swelling are the four major symptoms of inflammation. Plants can generate a vast range of phytochemical substances as secondary metabolites, all of which have anti-inflammatory properties. Herbal medicines are significant cures for the treatment of a variety of disorders around the world. Medicinal plants are made up of roughly 7500 species, with representatives from about 17,000 higher flowering plant species. Even when synthetic chemistry has advanced beyond expectations, the utilization of natural products in the production of medications utilized in modern medicine is unrivalled. Anti-inflammatory medicines can help to reduce tissue damage and improve patient comfort by interfering with the pathophysiology of inflammation. As a result of the huge number of species available for investigation, the effective creation of new naturally occurring anti-inflammatory medications relies mostly on a multidisciplinary approach to finding new compounds. Despite the fact that many review articles have been written in this area, the vast majority of them only looked at the subject from a regional perspective. Various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines have been proven to alleviate pain and inflammation by inhibiting the isoform of cyclooxygenase enzyme's digestion of arachidonic acid, hence lowering prostaglandin synthesis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines come with a slew of negative side effects. Thus, there are, however, medicinal herbs that have anti-inflammatory therapeutic properties with a little or no negative side effects.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Prescribing drugs for elderly patients is not an easy task since elderly patients are frequently with comorbid conditions. In Libya, there are no guidelines for the management of medications used in elderly patients and no specialized geriatric health institutions. The aim of this study is to assess the pattern of medication use among hospitalized elderly patients in Sebha Medical Centre and the drug-related problems associated with these patterns. This report is descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study that is conducted at Sebha Medical Center during 2021. Potential drug-related problems were assessed based on the classification of Hepler and Strand. In this study, out of 195 participants, most of the patients have been given antibiotics (92%). The majority of patients have been prescribed anti-gastric agents, vitamins and anti-thrombotic agents which accounted for 75%, 62% and 55%, respectively. To less extent, anti-hypertensive agents, analgesics and anti-hyperlipidemics were reported by 45%, 43% and 38%, correspondently. Almost all the patients have at least one event of drug-related problem and more than three-quarters of the patients had more than one event of drug-related problems. The highest rate was untreated indications which were reported for 77% then followed by drug use without indication nearly a half of the events 48%. To fewer extent rates were reported: “in improper drug selection”, “drug interaction” and “adverse effects” which were reported for 25%, 23% and 18% of the total events, respectively. Almost all elderly patients have been prescribed antibiotics, analgesics and vitamins. Drug-related problems are predominant prevalent in the clinical practice at the center. This study highlights the importance of activation of clinical pharmacist interventions at hospitals which can contribute to reducing the chance of risk of drug-related problems events among hospitalized elderly patients and ensuring rational drug prescribing in the geriatric clinical settings.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Action research is such a process by which B.Ed. pupil teacher attempt to study their problems scientifically in order to guide, correct and evaluate their decision andaction There are two important components of action research:(1) the consumer are the researches and (2) the research take place where there is a felt need of a solutionof a problem and when the results can be put in practice.The steps in action research are – identification of a problem area, the selection of a specific problem and the formulation of a hypothesis, the accumulation of evidence,the inference from this evidence and the continuous retesting.The importance of action research that its lies in the fact that this helps in finding quick solutions of immediate problems which search by b.ed. Students , administratorand teacher. Action research is a way to find problems and their solution S.M. Corey has developed this research technique. Objectives of action research are – processin school practice, progress of a teacher, improvement or curriculum, increase in knowledge of administrator or inspector. Need, interest, discipline, social problems,learning problem, curriculum and teachers are the field of action research. There are various steps of action research such as specific problem .Causes, hypotheses,experiment and conclusion. Outline the action research is also mentioned. Action research has been proven most beneficial in the field of diagnostic education

Kamal singh

To the editor, Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, necessitating innovative and multifaceted therapeutic strategies. [1] We propose a promising combination approach that synergizes Artificial Intelligence (AI), oncolytic virotherapy, probiotic therapy, stem cell therapy, and immunotherapy to target breast cancer more effectively.

Karishma

The drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are actions or events that occur when two or more drugs administered together, may cause a clinical significance or not. There are certain factors that may affect the severity of DDIs such as age, gender, number of drugs prescribed, and physician specialists. This study aims to answer: Is there DDI in Libyan community pharmacies? In addition, to explore the factors that might be affecting DDI. Drug Interactions Checkers are used. 200 prescriptions were collected randomly from two different areas ( high and low income),100 from each one and were used to investigate the DDIs by using two different sources (Drugs.com and BNF platforms), bearing in mind, age, gender, prescribers’ specialty, and drug number (prescription size). A personal interview questionnaire with pharmacists for investigate a source of DDI knowledge was considered. The correlation test was used to analysis the findings. The randomly selected sample has 316 drug combinations. The study has revealed a minimum of three drugs (46.0%). In general, Drugs.com was the richer source of DDI than BNF (66.5% and 34.5%, respectively). It is found that 66.5% (67.0% of this is moderate DDI) of these combinations have DDI by Drugs.com. A significant correlation between DDI and gender (male > female, p = 0.035) was found. In a state of residential areas, the results are similar in both selected pharmacies. Most moderate DDIs (21.0% and 15.0%) are prescribed by orthopedics and psychiatrists, respectively. The observational interview questionnaire indicated that 100% of the participating pharmacists had no source of knowledge regarding DDI, 100% of 200 prescriptions had no chick it regarding DDI and 100% of found DDI is released to use by community pharmacies to patients. More than half of the prescribed drug combinations have DDIs (classified as moderate DDIs), and all of them are released for use by pharmacists.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Resveratrol, a polyphenol predominantly present in red grapes, has attracted interest due to its possible health advantages. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilatory properties of this substance indicate that it may have a beneficial effect on wound healing in individuals with diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine the role of resveratrol on type 2 diabetic wound healing on total protein and albumin levels in rats. 20 male adult Albino Wistar rats were rendered diabetic using a high-fat diet and an alloxan injection (120 mg/kg). The rats were grouped into four: non-diabetic control group (negative control), diabetic control group (positive control), diabetic treatment group 1 (resveratrol: 10 mg/kg) and diabetic treatment group 2 (resveratrol: 20 mg/kg). Excisional wounds were created and monitored for wound closure over a defined treatment period of 14 days. Studies were conducted and expressed using physical and biochemical indices. The data demonstrated wound healing activities via biochemical indices, and histological and macroscopic methods. There was a difference in fasting blood glucose between the diabetic control group with the treatment groups. There was a difference between the diabetic control group compared to the group treated with resveratrol 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg in the weight of the rats. There was no significant acceleration in total albumin and globulin levels in the diabetic wounded group treated with resveratrol (10 mg and 20 mg). The results suggest that resveratrol treatment does not affect on total albumin and globulin levels in diabetic rats.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Verbesina encelioides, a plant with a rich history in traditional medicine, is commonly known as golden crownbeard or cowpen daisy. Despite its widespread use, scientific validation of its therapeutic potential, particularly its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, remains limited. Our study is designed to comprehensively evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extracts from various parts (leaves, stems, flowers, and roots) of V. encelioides in animal models. Acute toxicity, antinociceptive effects (heat plate and tail flick tests), and anti-inflammatory activity (carrageenan-induced inflammation) were tested in Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats. The acute toxicity assay showed no adverse effects in mice up to 1000 mg/kg, a highly encouraging result. In analgesic studies, V. encelioides extracts showed dose-dependent increases in reaction times similar to aspirin. Different extracts had different effects on paw edema in anti-inflammatory testing; some at first increased inflammation but eventually showed significant decreases, especially at higher dosages. These results offer a positive perspective on V. encelioides' possible medicinal use. These results provide a positive perspective on Verbesina encelioides' possible therapeutic use. The results imply that extracts from the plant, which are abundant in bioactive substances such as flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids, may have applications in treating pain and inflammation. These results highlight the plant's medicinal potential and suggest that more research and development could help address pain and inflammation naturally.

Dr. salman ahmed

his study explored the English Language Teaching appraisal of teachers in the trifocal Philippine education system in the Bicol Region as a basis for policy and advancement programs. This study used the descriptive-comparative-associational method using a content-validated and reliability-tested questionnaire. The frequency and percentage technique, weighted mean, Chi-Square, and Anova Test of Variance were used in the data treatment. Findings revealed that ELT teachers were predominantly females with 73.97%, CHED, 80.21%, DepEd, and 71.43% TESDA along age groups of early and mid-30s and 46 years above. They served the agencies for less than 10 years, mostly married. Professionally, these teachers were still pursuing post-graduate education and attending training. Along with appraisals on their professional and work responsibility, ELT Trifocal teachers very evidently performed their professional and work responsibilities; on the delivery system, respondents conveyed the mastery and application of theoretical and pedagogical knowledge; on their communicative competencies, they were classified as experts. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference among ELT teachers’ appraisal in the three systems (F–value 2.21< t-value 3.35; 5% level of significance). It follows that Philippine education has maintained an undeviating quality of ELT teachers regardless of which system of education they belong. The result showed no variations in ELT competencies despite differences in modalities, urgencies, and the attainment of quality education. Findings also unveiled that the ELT teachers’ appraisal and integration of ICT to language teaching are directly associated with their age, sex and civil status, and educational attainment. The higher the educational attainment, the higher the integration of ICT in language teaching. With these results, a policy development for the Professional Advancement Program in ELT was crafted.

Darrel ocampo

ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production via oxidative stress leads to selective neuronal degeneration and finally results in neurodegenerative diseases. PD (Parkinson’s disease) is one of the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by overproduction of ROS due to the activity of xanthine oxidase. XO activity inhibitors may prove to be promising antiparkinson agents. Present investigation describes the synthesis and characterization of fluoro substituted pyrazolyl pyrazoline derivatives using spectrometer and 1HNMR spectra. Molecular docking studies of NAP1-NAP5 derivatives were performed in silico using molecular docking software. The resulting dock score in terms of D score has been compared with the standard XO inhibitor i.e. Allopurinol and Oxypurinol. The in silico approach used to study the Drug and Enzyme interaction using docking mechanism. Results indicated that the NAP derivatives accounted for better region specificity towards XO. It shows the strong binding interaction of ligand and receptor calculated on the basis of D score; hence the D score shows highest affinity. Overall score tabulation for D score as 2NAP1: -101.78; 2NAP2: -118.32; 2NAP3: -99.921; 2NAP4: -105.22; 2NAP5: -101.56; accordingly with the comparison of standard ligand molecule i.e. Allopurinol: -37.016 and Oxypurinol: -37.233.

Dr. wahul umesh b

Self-medication of antibiotics is an irrational use of drugs, contributing to microbial resistance, increasing health care cost and higher mortality and morbidity. This study was aimed to assess self-medication with antibiotics without a medical prescription in the community of Libya. This is a cross-sectional study conducted from June to December, 2022 and the total number of participants was 200. The design of the study and sample size were modified according to the proficiency of pharmacists and the medical and non-medical population of Libya. The questionnaire was developed in English and Arabic language and was distributed through social media platforms. The questions were used after a thorough literature search and assessing the validity and reliability. The significant signs regarding reasons for the treatment by self-medication drugs of antibiotics, because of its various drugs of antibiotic by pharmacist (n = 80, 40.0%) and family (n = 90, 45.0%) compare with experience and physicians by used prescription was 13 (06.50%) and significant sings regarding by nasal congestion self-medication of various antibiotics (n = 100, 50.0%). This sign must be practiced based on a previous physician’s prescription. The antibiotics are often self-administered as patient feel that they will save money and time but this can lead to substantial adverse drug reaction, antibiotic resistance, treatment failure and drug-related toxicity. This study respondent's medical and non-medical public of Libya who should be relatively informed and educated about the risk of treatment by self-medication of antibiotics with the development of resistance.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: Poverty and malnutrition are associated with the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Nutritional reintegration with anti-TB therapy may improve treatment success rate. Aim: To investigate the nutritional status of low-income pulmonary TB patients in relation to the different anti-TB treatment phases. Methods: Forty five pulmonary TB patients and 40 controls aged 19-54 years, receiving treatment at Infectious Disease Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria, between September 2018 and July 2019 were studied. Serum total protein, albumin, iron and vitamin A were determined by colorimetric and HPLC methods respectively. Height and weight were measured and BMI computed, and data analysed using Student’s t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation at P<0 P=0.001).>0.05) respectively. Albumin and iron were significantly lower in CPAT-HIV compared with CPAT patients. Albumin correlated positively and significantly with iron (r=0.405, p=0.006) in TB patients. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is associated with decreased BMI, albumin, iron and vitamin A, and higher total protein, and globulin, suggesting that malnutrition may be associated with TB risk, poor treatment compliance and outcomes

Eworo raymond

Effective crisis communication response through using the proper strategies is critical to cope with crises and to protect the reputation and existence of the involved parties. Usually, aviation accidents receive great attention from the media and the public. Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (MH17) which was shot down over eastern Ukraine on 17 July 2014 during its scheduled flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur received global attention. This attention was due to the involvement of several countries either at the level of the countries of victims or the countries accused of the attack. Image repair theory proposed by William Benoit, the widely used in crisis communication response was implemented in this study. The Russian response to the international accusation, especially from the Western world on supporting the attackers of MH17 has been examined in this study. This study implemented both quantitative and qualitative content analysis to achieve its aims. A total of 306 news stories from the online New Straits Times newspaper Website from the years 2014 to 2019 were analysed. A total of 191 strategies were included in 123 news stories since some stories combined more than a strategy. Out of 191 strategies, 43.5% were simple denial, followed by shift the blame and attack accuser with 35.1% and 21.5% respectively. The results revealed that the image repair effort by Russia was effective and successful.

Mohammed fadel arandas

Vitamin D is a hormone which plays a vital role in immune response regulation, including the prevention of inflammation and autoimmunity. Insufficient vitamin D may increase the risk of infection. Vitamin D deficiency is not the only factor linked to an elevated risk of COVID-19 infection. Recent studies have discovered a link between SARS-COV-2 infection risk and blood type. This study was aimed to examine the association of vitamin D and blood groups with the severity of COVID-19. A retrospective study was conducted on 224 confirmed COVID-19 patients, aged between 18 and 89 years old. Patients were divided into three groups (asymptomatic, moderate, and severe cases), and serum 25(OH)D concentration and blood group were analyzed for all the patients. Data of the severe cases were obtained from Souq Althalath Isolation Center, Tripoli, Libya, while moderate and asymptomatic cases were obtained from Abushusha Polyclinic and Aldahmani COVID Filtration Center, during 22nd February 2021 and 28th April 2021 and serum 25(OH)D concentration and blood group were statistically analyzed for all the patients. The percentages of males and females were found to be 47.3% and 52.7%, respectively. Disease severity was distributed as follows: 12.5% asymptomatic, 44.6 % moderate and 42.9% severe. Most of the severe cases had vitamin D deficiency (88.5%). Among the severely ill patients, 39.6% had blood group A and 09.4% had group O, while 22.9%, and 28.1% had blood group B and AB, respectively. In contrast, among the asymptomatic patients, only 7.1% had group A and 85.7% had group O. Overall, the difference in the distribution pattern of blood group in the three severity categories was highly significant (p < 0.001). The prevalence of Rh positivity among asymptomatic, moderate and severe cases was 78.6%, 76.0%, and 60.4%, respectively. This study concludes that insufficient vitamin D levels might influence the severity of COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with blood group A and those who are Rh-positive could be more vulnerable to developing COVID-19 severity.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Cet article porte sur l’ouvrage Le ventre, le pain ou la cendre de Tchicaya U Tam’si. À partir des approches linguistique, stylistique et sémiotique, nous avons tenté de montrer, dans notre analyse, en quoi l’écriture de ce recueil construit des stratégies discursives propres à retenir l’attention du récepteur. À cet effet, nous avons relevé deux principales figures de rhétoriques à savoir, l’emphase et l’hyperbole. Ces deux procédés de style produisent d’une part un effet d’insistance du procès poétique ; et de l’autre, un effet d’amplification du langage poétique.

Assanvo

Lifelong learning is becoming part of the philosophy of professional education. Continuing medical education is the responsibility of all personnel who are responsible for the delivery of components of the health care delivery system. Continuing education is becoming increasingly obvious for medical universities, hospitals, and health care providers. Pharmacists who practice in a community pharmacy and hospital, and who are participating in residency recognize that the traditional role of the pharmacist is changing. Over the last decades, a host of new services have been identified as a function of the pharmacist [1]. A review of these services revealed a personal commitment to continuing education. It is the absolute need to develop a level of competence that will improve patient care. In Libya, pharmacists working in the community practice setting are pharmacists with a diploma of pharmacy or with a Bachelor of Pharmaceutical Science, Master of Science, and Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm D). The main objective is that the graduates possess the knowledge and skills needed to perform optimally to man the pharmaceutical services [1, 2]. Patient's expectations from pharmacists are that the medicine should be effective, safe and affordable. Other expectations from Libyan pharmacists would be to dispense the drugs according to the rules with the right advice on how and when the medicines should be used, and what to do in the case of adverse drug reactions, and the provision of advice on common illnesses. Nevertheless, it is an undeniable fact that the pharmacist has failed to provide all these patient-oriented services [3]. It should be noted that the quality of pharmacy education and training can be improved through certain processes of accreditation.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences