Investigating school performance and competencies, especially on leadership, received a considerable attention in the past. In fact, there have been multitudes of evidence that leadership can impact school performance, student achievement, or outcome. Also, there was no single measurement of school performance. This study examined the influence of leadership and core behavioral competencies on the school performance of school heads. This was to build a new model of school performance. Using an explanatory research design, it administered a survey questionnaire to 192 randomly chosen school heads from the 37 districts of Department of Education Division of Surigao del Sur. Also, it used data mining for the performance ratings of school heads from the division office. Regression analysis tested three hypothesized models of school performance where leadership and core behavior competencies serve as independent variables. Results showed that leading people was a significant predictor of school performance. Thus, leading people can best explain the school improvement as a proposed model. The results have implications for future research, leadership practice, and theoretical development of school performance model among school heads.

Manuel caingcoy

The adulteration and substitution of crude drugs is a burning problem. No doubt, substitution is helpful in places where the unavailability of particular oil drugs and or unwanted adverse effects of the desired crude drugs are there and have a choice of another drug with similar pharmacological effects and less unwanted aftereffects. However, in most cases, it is unacceptable because the conversion of authentic drugs into substandard medications may cause a variety of adverse effects, from mild and moderate to severe life-threatening reactions. So, understanding all the ways of adulteration and substitution is necessary to rectify this illegal act and maximize consumers' safety. At the end of this review, the Botanical Adulterant Program of the American Botanical Council is also highlighted.

Dr. salman ahmed

Aminopyrine (AM) has been used as a model substrate for investigation of drug metabolism. The major metabolic route is N-demethylation that was confirmed in liver microsomes. The aim of the present study was to identify the human cytochrome P-450 enzyme (CYP) mediating the N-demethylation of 4-di-methylaminoantipyrine (4-DMAA) to 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAA). The contribution of human CYP to the metabolism of (4-DMAA) to (4-MAA) in human was investigated using virus expressed human CYP, human liver microsomes with chemical inhibition studies. The substrate of 4-dimethylaminantipyrine was employed at different concentrations (11.5, 23, 46, 115 and 230 µmol per l) with varying concentrations of selective inhibitors of CYP (CYP1A2), (CYP3A4), (CYP2C8),(CYP2A6), (CYP2D6), (CYP2C19) and (CYP1A1). 4-DMAA and 4-MAA were analysed by HPLC and enzyme kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) were calculated from the concentration data. The transformation of 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine to 4-methyaminoantipyrine by microsomes prepared from baculovirus-expressed human CYP was pronounced with CYP2D6. The metabolism of 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine was inhibited by 60.0% and 55.17% by a concentration of 100 µmo per l of the known CYP2D6 inhibitors quinidine and moclobemide. The corresponding Ki values were 0.050 and 0.11 mM, respectively. The corresponding IC50 values were 0.06 and 0.13 mM, respectively. The enzyme CYP2D6 apparently has an important role in N-demethyl-ation of 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Libraries play a vital role in providing access to information and fostering lifelong learning in communities. With the rapid advancement of Information Communication Technology (ICT), libraries are embracing digital tools and services to enhance their offerings and extend their reach. In today's interconnected world, the utilization of Information Communication Technology (ICT) resources and services has become imperative for various sectors. This study examines the utilization of ICT-based resources and services by libraries, focusing on key technologies such as digital libraries, online databases, electronic resources, and library management systems. It explores how these technologies enable libraries to expand their collections, improve accessibility, and deliver personalized services to users. The present study is an attempt to examine uses of information communication technology based library resources and services at university of Tamil Nadu. In this paper, the majority of the users' use of ICT based resources and services are study purpose. The majority of the respondents that satisfaction of ICT based resources and services have developed academic skills.

V.murugapandi

Background and Aim: Ultrasound popliteal sciatic nerve block (UPSNB) is commonly performed in foot and ankle surgery. This study aims to assess the use of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as adjuvants in UPSNB for hallux valgus (HV) surgery, comparing their efficacy in producing motor and sensory block and controlling postoperative pain. The adverse event rate was also evaluated. Methods: This mono-centric retrospective study included 62 adult patients undergoing HV surgery: 30 patients received lidocaine 2% 200 mg, ropivacaine 0.5% 50 mg and dexamethasone 4 mg (Group 1), whereas 32 patients received lidocaine 2% 200 mg, ropivacaine 0.5% 50 mg, and dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/Kg (Group 2). At first, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was evaluated after 48 hours. The other outcomes were time to motor block regression, evaluation of the first analgesic drug intake, analgesic effect, adverse effects (hemodynamic disorders, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)) and patient satisfaction. The continuous data were analyzed with student’s t-test and the continuous one with χ2. Statistical significance was set at a p-value lower than 0.05. Results: No significant difference was found in VAS after 48 hours (4.5 ± 1.6 vs 4.7 ± 1.7, p = 0.621) to motor block regression (18.9 ± 6.0 vs 18.7 ± 6, p = 0.922). The number of patients that took their first analgesic drug in the first 48 h (p = 0.947 at 6 hours; p = 0.421 at 12 hours; p = 0.122 at 24 hours and p = 0.333 at 48 hours) were not significant. A low and similar incidence of intraoperative hemodynamic disorders was recorded in both groups (hypotension p = 0.593; bradycardia p = 0.881). Neither PONV nor other complication was found. Patients in Group 1 reported a lower degree of interference with sleep (p = 0.001), less interference with daily activities (P = 0.002) and with the affective sphere (P = 0.015) along with a more satisfactory postoperative pain management (p < 0.001) as compared to Group 2. Conclusion: No significant differences were observed in the duration of motor and sensory blockade between patients in both groups. Additionally, both groups showed good pain control with a low rate of adverse effects, even if there was no clinical difference between the groups. However, patients who received dexamethasone reported experiencing less interference with their sleep, daily activities and overall emotional well-being, and overall pain control.

Dario cirillo

Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan muatan nilai-nilai karakter yang terdapat pada buku siswa kelas IV Tema Indahnya Kebersamaan. Sumber data penelitian adalah buku siswa kelas IV Tema Indahnya Kebersamaan. Data penelitian berupa nilai-nilai karakter yang terdapat pada buku siswa yaitu nilai sopan, nilai santun, nilai religius, nilai nasionalisme, nilai mandiri, nilai gotong royong, dan nilai integritas. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, jumlah nilai karakter yang ditemukan sebanyak 84. Jumlah tersebut merupakan akumulasi dari semua tema yang terdiri dari tiga subtema yaitu keberagaman budaya bangsaku, kebersamaan dalam keberagaman dan bersyukur atas keberagaman. Adapun rincian jumlah setiap karakter yaitu: (1) sopan 2; (2) santun 4; (3) religius 22; (4) nasionalisme 26; (5) mandiri 10; (6) gotong royong 19; dan (7) integritas 1. Berdasarkan hasil analisis muatan nilai-nilai karakter pada buku siswa kelas IV tema Indahnya Kebersamaan dapat disimpulkan bahwa buku siswa tema Indahnya Kebersamaan kelas IV SD/MI memuat 7 nilai karakter.

Educare: journal of primary education

During the 16th century, firearms played a transformative role in Indian warfare, considerably enhancing the effectiveness of the Mughal army. The introduction of muskets and artillery by Babur in 1526 revolutionized military strategies, giving the Mughals a decisive advantage in battles and sieges. The Mughal army’s structure, particularly under Akbar’s Mansabdari system, centralized control and ensured a loyal, efficient military force. This technological and organizational superiority enabled the Mughals to consolidate power over diverse regions through a combination of military might and diplomacy. By the 17th century, there was a significant change in rebellions as firearms started being used by peasants. This shift in weaponry fundamentally altered the nature of these uprisings, empowering the peasantry in new ways to resist authority. Multiethnic regional powers also recognized the importance of firearms, acquiring them from the Mughals or Europeans, and employing them effectively in battles. In the mid-18th century, the Marathas and later the Mysore Sultanate took a notable step by establishing arms factories and engaging European experts to produce advanced firearms. This marked a departure from the past, where regional powers typically relied on the Mughals or European companies for firearm procurement. This shift toward domestic arms production signaled a move toward greater self-sufficiency and the development of advanced firepower. By the 18th century, the Mughal Empire was in decline, and multiethnic regional powers and European colonial forces, equipped with advanced firearms, challenged and eventually overshadowed Mughal dominance.

Bidyut patar

Poor water quality and lack of access to improved sanitation continue to pose a significant threat to human health. The burden of disease analysis suggests that lack of access to safe water supply, sanitation and hygiene is the third most significant risk factor for poor health in developing countries with high mortality rates. Diarrhoea is the leading disease associated with unsafe water supply, sanitation and hygiene and is responsible for the deaths. The study observed that out of the 150 respondents, 37% are 31-40 years, followed by 20-30 years with 32%. 130 (86.7%) respondents have got married, and 61% of the respondents are female. 85% adopted the nuclear family system, and 50% of respondents are illiterates in the study areas. 85% of respondents are daily wage earners, 37%are earnings rupees between 2000-2500 per month. 27% of respondents are landless labours, and 37% of households possess below 2 acres of land. 40% of respondents suffer from health problems, and 44% consume rice as their staple food. 62% of respondents have debts, and 33% got from money lenders. 62% of respondents do not have toilet facilities and go open defecation. 92% of respondents stated that toilet makes dignity, saves time and energy, saves their children school days, makes adolescent girls privacy, save wage loss, and toilet makes quality life.

B suresh lal

Periwinkle or Vinca rosea L. has medicinal importance with three phenotypes i.e., Pink, Red eye and White. The present investigation distinguishes the three traits i.e., white, pink and red-eyed flower-bearing traits of V. rosea based on morphology, palynology, pollen grain germination and study of anatomical features of leaf, stem and variations in parts of the flower. The results revealed that significant differences were recorded in stomatal frequency, stomatal index, size of the petals, pollen viability and pollen germination. The highest per cent viability appears in pink flower-bearing plants (98.8%) followed by red-eyed flower-bearing plants (34.3%) and White flower-bearing plants (34%). Similarly, the percentage germination of pollen grains is high in pink flower-bearing plants (98.1%) followed by red-eyed flower-bearing plants (33.3%) and white flower-bearing plants (33.3%).

Veerabhadraswamy al

While playing the Pathfinder RPG, the Game Master describes the events that occur in the game world, and the players take turns describing what their characters do in response to those events. Unlike storytelling, however, the actions of the players and the characters controlled by the Game Master (frequently called non-player characters, or NPCs) are not certain. Most actions require dice rolls to determine success, with some tasks being more difficult than others. Each character is better at some things than he is at other things, granting him bonuses based on his skills and abilities. Whenever a roll is required, the roll is noted as “d#,” with the “#” representing the number of sides on the die. If you need to roll multiple dice of the same type, there will be a number before the “d.” For example, if you are required to roll 4d6, you should roll four six-sided dice and add the results together. Sometimes there will be a + or – after the notation, meaning that you add that number to, or subtract it from, the total results of the dice (not to each individual die rolled). Most die rolls in the game use a d20 with a number of modifiers based on the character's skills, his or her abilities, and the situation. Generally speaking, rolling high is better than rolling low. Percentile rolls are a special case, indicated as rolling d%. You can generate a random number in this range by rolling two differently colored ten-sided dice (2d10). Pick one color to represent the tens digit, then roll both dice. If the die chosen to be the tens digit rolls a “4” and the other d10 rolls a “2,” then you've generated a 42. A zero on the tens digit die indicates a result from 1 to 9, or 100 if both dice result in a zero. Some d10s are printed with “10,” “20,” “30,” and so on in order to make reading d% rolls easier. Unless otherwise noted, whenever you must round a number, always round down. As your character goes on adventures, he earns gold, magic items, and experience points. Gold can be used to purchase better equipment, while magic items possess powerful abilities that enhance your character. Experience points are awarded for overcoming challenges and completing major storylines. When your character has earned enough experience points, he increases his character level by one, granting him new powers and abilities that allow him to take on even greater challenges.

Kamal singh

This abstract provides an overview of the critical role of academic leadership and governance in higher education institutions. As the landscape of higher education undergoes profound transformations, academic leaders and governance structures play a pivotal role in shaping the direction, quality, and effectiveness of educational institutions. This abstract highlights key themes, challenges, and considerations related to academic leadership and governance, emphasizing the need for adaptability, transparency, and inclusivity in the decision-making processes. The abstract begins by acknowledging the evolving nature of higher education and the increasing complexity of issues facing institutions, including technological advancements, changing student demographics, and shifting funding models. It underscores the central importance of academic leadership and governance in addressing these challenges and promoting institutional excellence.

Dr gedam kamalakar

The aim of the paper is to develop Indian economy growth and its impact of upcoming scenario. In the modern world education is becoming the most important resource for economic and social development of countries, improving well-being and individual development of citizens. Education in every sense is one of the fundamental factors of development. No country can achieve sustainable economic development without substantial investment in human capital. Education enriches people's understanding of themselves and world. It improves the quality of their lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Education raises people's productivity and creativity and promotes entrepreneurship and technological advances. In addition it plays a very crucial role in securing economic and social progress and improving income distribution. Our higher education institutions serve and enrich society in many ways and their role in modern Ireland is multi-faceted

Dr gedam kamalakar

This paper aims to investigate the trend of human resource disclosure (HRD) quality based on publicly disclosed annual reports of 235 Malaysian listed companies. The data was collected through content analysis method using HRD index. The results reveal that there is an increasing trend of HRD quality from 2010 to 2014. However the significant increase is only between 2012 and 2013. This study provides empirical support for Institutional theory’s coercive isomorphism, through its findings on quality of HRD. This is because, the related disclosure regulations and the Malaysian government policy through Malaysia Plan may have significantly influenced firms to increase HRD quality in their annual reports.

Asyraf afthanorhan

The seed flours of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Phaseolus lunatus Linn., and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. were investigated for their total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents by HPLC. The total oxalate content of Macrotyloma uniflorum, Phaseolus lunatus and Phaseolus vulgaris were 1.24, 1.77 and 1.71 mg/ g, respectively. The % age of soluble oxalate was Macrotyloma uniflorum (19.50), Phaseolus lunatus (15.08) and Phaseolus vulgaris (15.88). The calculated soluble oxalate: calcium ratio of all tested legume flours is lesser than one and hence will not create any resistance in calcium bioavailability.

Dr. salman ahmed

The contribution of financial perspective measures to improving organizational performance is empirically examined in this article. The study examines how financial metrics like ROI, cost control, profitability, and revenue growth relate to organizational effectiveness using the case of MTN Ghana. It is based on the balanced scorecard framework. The study uses a quantitative approach to investigate the relationship between financial performance metrics and important success indicators like market share, operational effectiveness, and shareholder value, using data from a dataset of different companies in multiple industries. The results of the study show how important financial perspective metrics are for reaching competitive advantage and sustainable growth. Businesses that put a high priority on strategic fiscal management typically perform better, especially when it comes to cost-effectiveness, liquidity, and profit margins. But the study also highlights the drawbacks of depending only on financial indicators. To create a more thorough performance evaluation system, it emphasizes the need to combine financial measurements with non-financial indicators like employee development, internal processes, and customer satisfaction. In summary, the study offers practitioners and scholars useful information by offering evidence-based recommendations for enhancing financial strategies. Organizations can develop a balanced approach to performance measurement that promotes long-term success by using both financial and non-financial metrics. The article ends with practical suggestions for businesses looking to increase output and streamline their budgets.

Suleman mohammed yakubu

Identifying the targets for improving antimicrobial prescription and development of antimicrobial stewardship interventions can better serve to combat the situation of antimicrobial resistance. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial use at tertiary care teaching hospital with both acute and long-term care patients. A periodical point prevalence survey was done in a tertiary care hospital of South India during 2019 using manual and webbased GLOBAL-PPS tool. Of 945 patients eligible for the study, 645 (69.5 %) received at least one antibiotic, with highest rates in the adult surgical ward and pediatrics. Of 645 therapeutic antibiotic prescriptions, 58.6% prescriptions have an infectious indication of them, 62.6% are community-acquired infections. Third-generation cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotics. The prevalence of antibiotic use is very high, and our study evidence that the country needs a robust antimicrobial stewardship intervention program.

Vineela chadalavada

Migratory behaviour in Littorina scabra (Linne 1758) was studied in a mangrove ecosystem and observations were made in their natural habitat or in situ observation in Tanjung Tiram, Ambon. Migratory speed and pattern of L. scabra of different sizes (small and large) particularly in mangrove Sonneratia alba were observed throughout of the February 19th to March 11th, 2019 during the day and night on incoming or outgoing tides and these are usually a 3 hours (270 minutes) observation. Marked snails were used to track the position to investigate their migratory direction and speed during advancing and receding tides. Those organisms migrate up and down the trees following the tidal cycles. This study indicates that small size organisms which live on leaves, branches or trunks move faster than the big organisms and they move faster during the incoming tide than outgoing tide. For a big size L. scabra, they move slower during the incoming tide than the outgoing tide. This behaviour indicates that they move faster to avoid immersion during incoming tide than during the outgoing tide when they move slower because they are searching for food. The migration trials showed different patterns for all sizes of L. scabra and this pattern seems to be influenced by the area of surface they occupy such as leaves, branches or trunks. They tend to move forward in one direction (almost straight line) when they are on a small surface such as trunks and on the larger surface such as leaves and braches most L. scabra of all sizes make different trial patterns such zig-zag.

Irma kesaulya

Fueled by the recent advancements in pervasive environment, affluent context aware systems is among the rousing in computing today, including embedded environment, different wireless network technology, electronic communication and so on. Context-Aware Collaborative Filtering using Genetic Algorithm approach resulted in an improved mobile business model by determining optimal similarities between contexts. In this work, we plan to devise a hybrid framework called Multi-distribution Perceptron and Hidden Markov Model to smoothen the mobile networks with different degrees of context- confidence. Initially, Multi-distribution Layer Perceptron Model is designed aiming at improving the precision rate with the aid of Multi-distribution Bayesian Posterior measure. Experimental analysis shows that the M-PHMM framework is able to reduce the computational complexity for obtaining user patterns by 26.05% and improve the precision rate by 18.90% compared to the state-of-the- art works.

Dr h shaheen

Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) and Polysora rust diseases are taking heavy shiver in all maize growing regions of Karnataka. Several new fungicides are used to control the diseases, among them strobilurin group fungicides in combination with triazolefungicides are found effective in management of diseases. A mixture of Trifloxystrobin 50 WG + Tebuconazole 250 EC and mixture of Azoxystrobin 25 SC + Difenoconazole 25 EC were used in this study to manage the TLB and Polysora rust. The two combination fungicides were evaluated in different days against TLB and Polysora rust on two susceptible varieties namely 219J and CM 202. Results revealed that mixture of Trifloxystrobin 50 WG + Tebuconazole 250 EC @ 0.7 g/lit and mixture of Azoxystrobin 25 SC + Difenoconazole 25 EC @ 2.5 ml/litwere found effective in the management of TLB (15.0 % and 11.0 % respectively) and mixture of Trifloxystrobin 50 WG + Tebuconazole 250 EC @ 0.7 g/lit were found effective in controlling Polysora rust (13.2 %). Allied to yield, more significant increase in yield was recorded in treatment Trifloxystrobin 50 WG + Tebuconazole 250 EC @ 0.7 g/lit (5131.1kgs/ha). While, mixtures of Azoxystrobin 25 SC + Difenoconazole 25 EC @ 2.5 ml/lit recorded yield of 5913.0 kgs/ha, this was significantly superior with respect to disease control and yield aspects.

Veerabhadraswamy al

PFAPA syndrome (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis) is the most common periodic fever disorder in childhood, typically resolving by early adolescence. Relapse after a prolonged symptom-free interval is rare and has been reported following tonsillectomyrelated remission. We describe a 13-year-old girl with intact tonsils who experienced recurrence of PFAPA a decade after initial remission. She presented with a 6-day history of high-grade fever, aphthous ulcers, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis unresponsive to antibiotics. Investigations showed elevated inflammatory markers, a negative infectious workup, and significant cervical lymphadenopathy on ultrasound. A single dose of prednisolone led to the rapid resolution of symptoms followed by sustained remission on follow-up. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of late PFAPA relapse and underscores the importance of clinical recognition, exclusion of mimicking conditions, and corticosteroid responsiveness in guiding management.

Karishma