Background: The determinants of medication adherence in people with diabetes may differ between populations of an area due to social environment, cultural beliefs, socioeconomic conditions, education, and many other factors differences. Objective: Therefore, this study aims to explore, identify and classify the determinants of medication adherence in several Asian regions. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to gain insight into the determinants of medication adherence. Seven relevant databases (EBSCO, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Wiley, dan Taylor, and Francis) and hand-searching methods were conducted from January 2011 to December 2020. Keywords were compiled based on the PICO method. The selection process used the PRISMA guidelines based on inclusion, and the quality was assessed using Crowe’s critical assessment tool. Textual summaries and a conceptual framework model of medication adherence were proposed to aid in the understanding of the factors influencing medication adherence. Results: Twenty-six articles from countries in several Asian regions were further analyzed. Most studies on type 2 diabetes patients in India used the MMAS-8 scale, and cross-sectional study is the most frequently used research design. The medication adherence rate among diabetic patients was low to moderate. Fifty-one specific factors identified were further categorized into twenty-three subdomains and six domains. Furthermore, the determinants were classified into four categories: inconsistent factors, positively related factors, negatively related factors, and non-associated factors. In most studies, patient-related factors dominate the association with medication adherence. This domain relates to patient-specific demographics, physiological feelings, knowledge, perceptions and beliefs, comorbidities, and other factors related to the patient. Several limitations in this review need to be considered for further research. Conclusion: Medication adherence to diabetic therapy is a complex phenomenon. Most determinants produced disparate findings in terms of statistical significance. The identified factors can serve various goals related to medication adherence. Policymakers and health care providers should consider patient-related factors.

Much ilham novalisa aji wibowo

Social engineering is a method of information security that allows for system or network access. When victims are unaware of techniques, models, and frameworks to prevent them, social engineering attacks happen. In order to stop social engineering attacks, the current research describes user studies, constructs, assessment, concepts, frameworks, models, and techniques. Sadly, there isn't any specific prior research on mitigating social engineering attacks that thoroughly and efficiently analyzes it. Health campaigns, human security sensor frameworks, user-centric frameworks, and user vulnerability models are examples of current social engineering attack prevention techniques, models, and frameworks. Guidance is required to examine cybersecurity as super-recognizers, possibly acting as police for a secure system, for the human as a security sensor architecture. This research aims to critically and systematically analyze earlier material on social engineering attack prevention strategies, models, and frameworks. Based on Bryman & Bell's methodology for conducting literature reviews, we carried out a systematic review of the available research. Using a protocol, we discovered a novel strategy to stop social engineering assaults in addition to approaches, frameworks, models, and assessments, based on our review. We discovered that the protocol can successfully stop social engineering assaults, including health campaigns, the susceptibility of social engineering victims, and co-utile protocol, which can control information sharing on a social network. This comprehensive evaluation of the research is what we're presenting in order to suggest safeguards against social engineering assaults.

Mahesh donga

This study determined the effectiveness of Differentiated Instruction in the reading comprehension level of the Grade-11 senior high school students, school year 2016-2017. Specifically, it aims to determine the reading comprehension level of the control and the experimental groups in the pre test and post-test; identify if there is a significant difference in the reading comprehension level of the control and experimental groups in the pre-test and post-test results; and identify the strengths and weaknesses in using Differentiated Instruction. Quasi-experimental method was employed in conducting the study. The respondents were the 150 Grade-11 students of a public high school grouped as control and experimental using Parallel technique. Data sources include pre-test and post-test scores, gain scores, classroom observation form, survey questionnaire, and researcher's reflective notes. The qualitative data were analysed using template analysis style and the basic approach of comprehending, synthesizing, theorizing and re-contextualizing to identify common themes and integrating thematic pieces. Based on the classroom observations, survey and researcher's reflective notes, strengths and weaknesses of Differentiated Instruction were observed. Despite the observed and encountered challenges, the statistical analysis has revealed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test results.

Darrel ocampo

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease mainly affects lungs and causes pulmonary tuberculosis. It can also affect intestine, meninges, skin, bones and other tissues of the body. Although the drugs alone can cure TB, it still remains a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life and medication adherence in TB patients. The Quality of life was assessed using SF-36 in patients receiving DOTS treatment in initial or continuous phase while the medication adherence was analyzed using Morisky Green Levine Scale. Subjects were also counselled about their disease during their first visit and a follow up was done after a month. A total of 152 subjects were enrolled in the study of which majority of the subjects had Pulmonary TB (55.26%). Diabetes was found to be the most common comorbidity followed by HTN. The average Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental component summary (MCS) were found to be 44.34 and 39.60 respectively. Females had a better quality of life scores compared to males. High adherence was seen in 32.24% of patients while 28.29% had low adherence. Follow up was done for 135 subjects. 15 subjects defaulted and 2 of them died. There was a significant increase in the QoL scores and medication adherence after one month. A significant association was found between the Physical functioning (p=0.001) and emotional wellbeing (p=0.01) with Duration of treatment indicating that subjects who had completed more than one month of their treatment had marked improvement in Physical functioning and emotional well-being scores

Dr mahendrakumar r

Fetus-in-fetu represents an extremely unusual condition where a malformed parasitized twin with an organized vertebral column is present within the body of its host, leading to a variety of symptoms due to its mass effect. Its pathogenesis and features differ from both teratoma and fetiform teratoma. Detailed radiological evaluation helps in the assessment of the local anatomy and in planning the surgical procedure. The clinical features of a 9-month-old female with progressive abdominal distension and feeding difficulties are described. A firm, non-tender leftsided abdominal mass on palpation was found to be a well-defined encapsulated retroperitoneal lesion with bony structures resembling a vertebral axis on abdominal sonography and computed tomography. Surgical excision revealed an encapsulated mass containing rudimentary limb buds, hair, and partially developed vertebral elements. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of fetus in fetu. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient remained asymptomatic on follow-up.

Karishma

The United Kingdom (UK) is a constitutional monarchy where the Head of State is currently the Queen (part of the monarch) rather than the president. The roles, functions, and power are considered via convention, among them being that the monarch should be neutral politically (Bodleian Libraries 2021). The UK has three legal systems for England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland (Rab 2021). The former two nations use the common law system combining the approval of legislation by parliament, which includes the Monarch, House of Commons, and House of Lords, and the creation of precedents via case law (Rab 2021). The House of Commons is elected the population, with the Prime Minister being a traditional member of the House (Rab 2021). On the other hand, the judiciary is appointed to control the Court System and case law and is separate from the Parliament (Bodleian Libraries 2021). However, these systems are the UK law emanating from applicable laws to the UK, including its citizens. The UK law is summarized in the concept map highlighting the different types of laws governing the UK

Zamzam abdelazim

The kidney stones are one of the most widely spreading disorders in the world. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of Didymocarpuspedicellata and Ashwagandha for its antiurolithiatic activity in rats. Urolithiasis was induced in adult male albino wistar rats by 0.75% of ethylene glycol for 28 days. The effect of the oral administration of the ethanolicextracts has been studied and is compared with the effect of oral administration of Cystone(Himalaya) as a standard on Wistar rat. Ethylene glycol feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calciumand phosphate. Supplementation with ethanolic extract of the plants significantly reduced the elevated urinary oxalate, showing a regulatory action on endogenous oxalate synthesis. Both the plant extract showed significant antiurolithiatic activity

Zeenath banu

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are aerial systems controlled remotely or autonomously by astronauts. Massive advancements in electronics and information technology have prompted the popularity and growth of UAVs. As a result of the huge advances made in electronics and information technology, civilian tasks can now be accomplished with UAV in a more effective, efficient, and secure way. Known as a drone, UAVs are developed and operated using a variety of technologies such as machine learning, computer vision, artificial intelligence, and collision avoidance. Having become more affordable and accessible, drone technology has become more popular among civilians. Therefore, this technology is constantly evolving and can be used across a variety of fields. The application of drones makes a huge difference in the most demanding and complex industrial environments such as those in the mining industry, maritime, oil, gas, and seaports. The usage of drones is increasing among industrialists to improve and optimize processes, as well as to enhance operational efficiency in industrial process. This chapter discusses UAVs on a wide range of topics, including evolution and historical perspectives of UAV, taxonomy of UAV, significance of UAV to society and industry, and industrial and academic perspectives on UAV.

Dr h shaheen

Abstract should be times new roman with 9 fount single spacing.The main focused of Watermarking is developing and i Image Recognition is the idea of simulating the visual functions of human brain which uses human eyes as the source of input to recognize and make decisions on the objects it sees. This became possible with the advent of cameras and advanced processing technologies. The idea is to copy the features exactly present in the pattern, that the brain uses to recognize images [6]. The image in the real world are captured and pre-processed in the desired format and stored in large chunks of memories. This is to provide the recognition program to compare the new image taken with the ones that has been pre-processed and stored. The comparison is done at the pixel level of the image which is expressed in a matrix form. The image is compared with the data set stored at pixel level and the decisions are made recognizing the image. This picture recognition method becomes a smarter solution with the availability of more number of data sets. With large number of trail and errors the system will get familiar and intelligent providing best solution for computer and robot vision technologies.

Dr h shaheen

Background: Shilajit is a historically valued natural substance with promising but still preliminary scientific support for urinary and diabetic health, yet its growing popularity risks exploitation and exaggerated claims without rigorous human clinical validation. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of Yemeni Shilajit sourced from Dhamar, Ma’rib, and Raymah on hemolytic anemia experimentally induced in rabbits using phenylhydrazine. Methods: Twelve male rabbits were divided into four groups: a control group and three treatment groups, each receiving Shilajit from one of the three regions. Anemia was induced via subcutaneous injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, and treatment was administered orally at a dose of 125 to 250 mg/kg twice daily. Hematological parameters—including packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count, and glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity—were evaluated at various intervals. Results: showed that Shilajit from Dhamar and Raymah significantly increased PCV, Hb, RBC count, and G-6-PD enzyme activity (p < 0.05), suggesting notable anti-anemic effects and potential for restoring hematological parameters to near-normal levels. In contrast, Ma’rib Shilajit exhibited limited efficacy, with significant improvement only in hemoglobin levels. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of essential amino acids and bioactive compounds, such as fulvic acid and dibenzo-α-pyrones, which likely contribute to Shilajit’s therapeutic action. Conclusions: The study concludes that purified Shilajit from Dhamar and Raymah holds promise as a natural remedy for hemolytic anemia, supporting its traditional use and warranting further investigation for pharmacological applications.

Karishma

Climate variability also has the potential to worsen existing vulnerabilities such as Malaria, HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis. This study examined the effects of poverty diseases and adaptive capacities to climate change on farm income along river Niger in Edo and Kogi States, Nigeria. Questionnaires were collected from 358 respondents using multistage sampling techniques from Edo and Kogi States. Descriptive statistics and different functional forms of ordinary least squares (OLS) were used as analytical tools. The results revealed that increase in farm size and age will lead to 1.27% and 1.83% increase in farmers’ income respectively. The major constraints identified by the respondents were lack of funds and credit challenge (94.40%), distance to health centres (93.90%) and access to freshwater supplies (82.70%). It was concluded that the majority 83.80% of respondents had malaria diseases. The study recommends that to reduce the effect of poverty disease, there is a need for policy makers to engage communities when making decisions relating to their health.

Sylvester ekemhonye

An attempt was made for screening of salt tolerant against sodium chloride (NaCl) salt and growth promotion efficacy of eight different phosphate solubilizing bacterial (PSB) isolates under in vitro conditions. An efficient isolate which exhibited maximum phosphate solubilization, salt tolerant, Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) production and root colonization potential in maximum concentration of NaCl (7%) was identified as Bacillus cereus based on 16S rRNA sequencing. It was recorded that highest phosphate solubilization in 7% NaCl concentration (70% and 374 μg/mL) in agar plate and broth assay respectively. IAA production was observed to be decreased when salt concentration increases, the isolate showed significant amount of IAA in normal culture media without amendment of NaCl (74.94 μg/mL) and at 7% gradual decrease of IAA production was observed (30 μg/mL). Maximum colonization of isolate in the roots of Zea mays was also observed in the study.

Dr. saranya devi k

Plants produce a diverse range of bioactive compounds making them a rich source of different types of medicines. Ornamental plants are cultivated for adornment and to enhance the appearance of houses and also for commercial purposes. However, only very few of these ornamental plant species have found to be used in medicine and only little literature exit on their chemical and biological actions. In the present study, the evaluation of antimicrobial activities and identification of bioactive compounds using TLC and GC-MS of the A. columnaris bark extract were performed. In GC-MS bioactive compounds with medicinal value were identified, such as Benzoic acid, 1H-N-Hydroxynaphth (2,3) imidazole-6,7-dicarboximide, 2-Propenoic acid, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl), 1H-N-Hydroxynaphth (2,3-d) imidazole-6,7-dicarboximi. To prove the nontoxic nature of the plant, its crude bark extract was subjected to toxicity study using human embryonic kidney cell line. It reveal that the plant is minimal toxic to the human kidney cell line so usage of appropriate level will found to be safe and also carrying out some structural modification will help in the extraction of new drugs for pharmaceutical purpose.

Dr. saranya devi k

To the editor, On April 24, 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued an urgent call to reinvigorate global action to end malaria, releasing updated guidelines that reflect both progress and persisting challenges in combating this deadly disease. [1] This renewed guidance arrives at a critical juncture: global malaria cases have plateaued, progress is faltering, and health systems in endemic regions face increasing strain from drug resistance, climate change, and funding shortfalls.

Karishma

The control of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Nigeria from inception is predicated on effective biosecurity by stamping out policy but outbreaks of the disease continued to re-occur with altered clinico-pathologic manifestations. This study undertook the qualitative assessment of the clinico- pathological features of HPAI H5N1 during the 2021/2022 outbreaks in commercial poultry and peri-domestic birds in northern Nigeria. A total of 22 commercial poultry farms with 53,932 laying chickens and 3 households with 120 backyard broiler chickens, 18 indigenous chickens, 10 peafowls and 9 geese were investigated for HPAI. The clinico-pathologic manifestations observed in commercial poultry were subtle compared to previous presentations of the disease except in the peafowls, geese, broilers and indigenous chickens. The interspecies mortality rates significantly varied from 1.6% to 19.6% for laying chickens and 33.3% to 100% for broilers, indigenous chickens, geese and peafowls. Based on the history of sudden and high mortality, clinical signs and post mortem lesions observed, three diseases; HPAI, very virulent Newcastle disease and fowl cholera were drawn out as differential diagnoses. However, a tentative diagnosis of HPAI was made and samples were sent to the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria for confirmatory diagnosis. Results of the laboratory tests conducted on the samples using one step flu A screening and duplex real time RT-PCR and virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs confirmed HPAI H5N1 in twenty-five farms. It is concluded that the continuous though, irregular outbreaks of HPAI and emerging clinico-pathologic manifestations are pointers to failure of control and that the disease may become endemic. It is recommended that government should review its policy on the control of HPAI to include the adoption of zoned vaccination with close monitoring.

Bitrus inuwa

Innovations to enrich mathematics learning resources can be expressed in the form of culture-based or ethnomatematic learning. The purpose of this study was to analyze the ethnomatematic content of Selogending Temple in Kandangan as mathematics teaching material for grade 4 elementary school students. This type of research uses qualitative research. Sources of research data are Selogending Temple and resource persons related to the Selogending Temple site. This study uses data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Qualitative data analysis techniques used are reduction and data exposure, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are mathematical elements in Selogending Temple including plane geometry, spatial geometry and reflection. The Selogending Temple building which has ethnomatic content is the Entrance Gate, Mbah Tejo Kusumo Petilasan, Mbah Pukulun Petilasan, Patrapan Hall, shrine, Padma, Wadung Prabu, Linggasiwa, and Mbah Raden Selogending Petilasan. Inovasi untuk memperkaya sumber belajar matematika dapat dituangkan dalam bentuk pembelajaran berbasis kebudayaan atau etnomatematika. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis muatan etnomatematika pada Candi Selogending di Kandangan, Kabupaten Lumajang, Provinsi Jawa Timur sebagai bahan ajar matematika kelas 4 SD. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian adalah Candi Selogending dan narasumber terkait situs Candi Selogending. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data kualitatif yang digunakan yaitu reduksi dan pemaparan data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat unsur matematika pada Candi Selogending meliputi bangun geometri bidang, geometri ruang dan pencerminan. Bangunan Candi Selogending memiliki yang memiliki muatan etnomatematika adalah Gapura Pintu Masuk, Petilasan Mbah Tejo Kusumo, Petilasan Mbah Pukulun, Balai Patrapan, tempat pemujaan, Padma, Wadung Prabu, Linggasiwa, dan Petilasan Mbah Raden Selogending.

Educare: journal of primary education

This paper proposes EPyNet, a deep learning architecture designed for energy reduced audio emotion recognition.In the domain of audio based emotion recognition, where discerning emotional cues from audio input is crucial, the integration of artificial intelligence techniques has sparked a transformative shift in accuracy and performance.Deep learning , renowned for its ability to decipher intricate patterns, spearheads this evolution. However, the energy efficiency of deep learning models, particularly in resource-constrained environments, remains a pressing concern. Convolutional operations serve as the cornerstone of deep learning systems. However, their extensive computational demands leading to energy-inefficient computations render them as not ideal for deployment in scenarios with limited resources. Addressing these challenges, researchers came up with one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) array convolutions, offering an alternative to traditional two-dimensional CNNs, with reduced resource requirements. However , this array-based operation reduced the resource requirement, but the energy-consumption impact was not studied. To bridge this gap, we introduce EPyNet, a deep learning architecture crafted for energy efficiency with a particular emphasis on neuron reduction. Focusing on the task of audio emotion recognition, We evaluate EPyNet on five public audio corpora-RAVDESS, TESS, EMO DB, CREMA D, and SAVEE.We propose three versions of EPyNet, a lightweight neural network designed for efficient emotion recognition, each optimized for different trade-offs between accuracy and energy efficiency. Experimental results demonstrated that the 0.06M EPyNet reduced energy consumed by 76.5% while improving accuracy by 5% on RAVDESS, 25% on TESS, and 9.75% on SAVEE. The 0.2M and 0.9M models reduced energy consumed by 64.9% and 70.3%, respectively. Additionally, we compared our Proposed 0.06M system with the MobileNet models on the CIFAR-10 dataset and achieved significant improvements. The 1035 proposed system reduces energy by 86.2% and memory by 95.7% compared to MobileNet, with a slightly lower accuracy of 0.8%. Compared to MobileNetV2, it improves accuracy by 99.2% and reduces memory by 93.8%. When compared to MobileNetV3, it achieves 57.2% energy reduction, 85.1% memory reduction, and a 24.9% accuracy improvement. We further test the scalability and robustness of the proposed solution on different data dimensions and frameworks.

Jiby mariya jose

Background: To assess the awareness, knowledge about refractive errors and strabismus among the general public in southern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Methods: A cross sectional population-based survey used a semi structured questionnaire on awareness, knowledge on refractive errors and strabismus done as part of knowledge, attitude and practices study (KAP). Stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used with a sample size of 867 adults- ≥16 years. Having heard of refractive error and strabismus was defined as awareness and having knowledge of the type of error for which spectacles were worn, was considered as knowledge. A pilot study was conducted to validate the questions used in the main study. Statistical package SPSS (version 19) was used for analysis to calculate logistic regression and odds ratios for gender, age, education and urban-rural areas. Results: A total of 782/867 (90.1%) subjects participated in the survey with females 47.4%. 581 subjects (74.3%) were aware of refractive error. 690 subjects (88.2%) were aware of squint. With multiple logistic regression about awareness of refractive error to various variables, subjects who were educated 11th class to degree had a higher awareness (OR: 2.40; CI: 1.25-4.60). With multiple logistic regression about awareness of squint to various variables, females had a higher awareness of squint (OR: 1.98; CI: 1.19-3.31). Conclusions: Awareness of squint and refractive error was high among the general public, but the knowledge of it was limited.

Srinivasa reddy pallerla

Phaseolus vulgaris Linn commonly known as red kidney bean, is enriched in protein, carbohydrates and dietary fibres. Beans have nutritional and health benefits and possess antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and anticancer activity due to bio-active chemical constituents. The following study was carried out to evaluate the anti-depressant activity of Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil (PVFO) using a forced swim test and tail suspension test in mice. In this study, animals were assigned into four groups (n=7). Group I: Control normal saline (2 mL/Kg), Group II: PVFO I (2 mL/Kg), Group III: PVFO II (4 mL/Kg) and Group IV: standard amitriptyline (10 mg/Kg). The significant results indicated the possible anti-depressant role of Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil.

Dr. salman ahmed

Elephantopus scaber L., a medicinal plant from Myanmar, was studied to evaluate its biological activity. The activity of antimicrobial assessment showed that ethyl acetate extract exhibited moderate activity in contrast to all six tested organisms. Using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay with ascorbic acid as standard for antioxidant activity showed that ethyl acetate extract possessed 36.28 μg/mL. The in vivo antidiabetic activity with glipizide, as a standard hypoglycemic agent was employed to determine antidiabetic activity. The data parameter under observation for Elephantopus scaber L. reaches its peak at 135 min, with a 39.0% reduction. No toxic behavior was observed at the limited tested concentrations (2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg) and it suggested a favorable safety profile.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences