Potato starch extraction is a critical process with implications across various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and bioplastics. This review explores current techniques, challenges, and future opportunities in potato starch extraction. Traditional methods such as compression or wet grinding, enzymatic processes, and microwave-assisted extraction are examined for their efficiency, advantages, and limitations. The paper emphasizes the importance of quality control measures to ensure the purity and safety of the extracted starch. Critical quality control aspects include raw material inspection, monitoring during processing, purity and composition analysis, and adherence to national and international standards. Innovations in extraction methods, including enzymatic and green solvent extraction, ultrasonic and microwave-assisted techniques, and advancements in nanotechnology and biotechnological approaches, are highlighted as trends driving the industry towards greater sustainability and efficiency. The clean label movement also reflects a consumer-driven shift towards natural, minimally processed ingredients, influencing industry practices and regulatory compliance. The future of potato starch extraction holds significant promise, with the integration of sustainable practices and technological innovations to meet evolving market demands and regulatory standards, underscoring the need for continuous research and development in the field.

Dr. salman ahmed

This research was carried out at SDS Harapan Jakarta. This research aims to unravel the implementation of character education’s values through thematic subject, specifically on Indonesian Language Content. This research uses qualitative descriptive approach to gather research data deeply and thoroughly regarding character education’s value. Data collection was done using interviews, observation, and documentation. Miles and Huberman method was used to analyze data collected with the process of data collection, condensation, data display, and data verification. Triangulation was used to verify the validity of the data. The result of this study revealed that 1) The implementation of character education values in the content of Indonesian Language learning in Class 3 is implemented through reading and writing activities that prioritize the five main values in education according to the Minister of Education and Culture. 2) There are still less-effective efforts to achieve learning objectives. 3) There is still a lack of learning innovations carried out to achieve learning goals. 4) No lesson plans that are not made routinely as a means of evaluating learning. 5) There is still a need for improvement in the application of character education in Indonesian content that is linked to students' real experiences, both through online and offline learning.

Educare: journal of primary education

Cardiovascular diseases represent a formidable global health challenge, standing as the foremost cause of both mortality and morbidity. Atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, as primary contributors to this epidemiological burden, underscore the urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions with minimal side effects. Natural compounds derived from plants have emerged as promising candidates, given their enhanced efficacy and reduced adverse effects. Phytochemicals, in particular, have garnered attention for their potential as alternative therapeutic agents. This review delves into the cardioprotective potential of pinocembrin (5,7-Dihydroxy flavanone), a compound extracted from various plants and honey. Renowned for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, pinocembrin demonstrates significant cardioprotective effects through the modulation of diverse signaling pathways. Atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction entail intricate cellular mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, cellular remodeling, and programmed cell death. Pinocembrin, by targeting key factors within these pathways, exhibits cardioprotective actions. While existing research underscores its effectiveness, further investigations are warranted to elucidate the impact of pinocembrin on additional cardiovascular conditions and explore novel molecular targets, thus paving the way for future advancements in therapeutic interventions.

Brinda elangovan

A zoonotic disease is an infectious disease caused by pathogens such as bacteria, virus, rickettsia, fungi, parasite or prion that has been transmitted from an animal, especially a vertebrate to human beings. Usually, the first infected human transmits the infectious agent to other humans very rapidly; it is one of the important concerns of zoonoses. The World Health Organization (WHO) currently list the Emerging infectious diseases (EID) of epidemic issues in their research and development blueprint as COVID-19 (Corona viruses), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Ebola and Marburg viruses (Filovirus), Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (Nairo virus), Lassa Fever (Lassa virus), Nipah (Henipa virus ), Rift Valley fever (Phlebo virus) and Zika (Flavi virus). Due to the deadly pandemics facing by the globe, it is essential to understand the way of transmission of emerging viruses, its mode of infection and important measures to eliminate or control them from the world is essential. However, mankind overcomes so many deadly viruses with the help of scientific knowledge, through vaccination, new therapies, drugs etc. Nowadays, viral zoonoses like rabies (Lyssa virus) are 100% preventable through vaccination and medication even though, humans face lots of new threats especially emerging zoonosis diseases like Covid19. This review summarized the major zoonotic viruses affecting human beings, their source, pathogenicity and its important ways to overcome the transmission of microbes from animal to humankind.

Dr. saranya devi k

The ability of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for effective binding to multiple target microbes has drawn lots of attention as an alternative to antibodies for detecting whole bacteria. We investigated pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) detection by applying a microfluidic based biosensing device embedded with AMP-labeled beads. According to a new channel design, our device is reusable by the repeated operation of detection and regeneration modes, and the binding rate is more enhanced due to even distribution of the bacterial suspension inside the chamber by implementing influx side channels. We observed higher binding affinity of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 for AMP-labeled beads than nonpathogenic E. coli DH5α, and the fluorescence intensity of pathogenic E. coli was about 3.4 times higher than the nonpathogenic one. The flow rate of bacterial suspension should be applied above a certain level for stronger binding and rapid detection by attaining a saturation level of detection within a short time of less than 20 min. A possible improvement in the limit of detection in the level of 10 cells per mL for E. coli O157:H7 implies that the AMP-labeled beads have high potential for the sensitive detection of pathogenic E. coli at an appropriate flow rate.

Myung-suk chun

We designed a mobile application to deal with Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) (Heart Attack) An Android based mobile application has been used for coordinating clinical information taken from patients suffering from Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD). The clinical information from 787 patients has been investigated and associated with the hazard factors like Hypertension, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia (Abnormal cholesterol), Smoking, Family History, Obesity, Stress and existing clinical side effect which may propose basic non-identified IHD. The information was mined with information mining innovation and a score is produced. Effects are characterized into low, medium and high for IHD. On looking at and ordering the patients whose information is acquired for producing the score; we found there is a noteworthy relationship of having a heart occasion when low and high and medium and high class are analyzed; p=0.0001 and 0.0001 individually. Our examination is to influence straightforward way to deal with recognize the IHD to risk and careful the population to get themselves assessed by a cardiologist to maintain a strategic distance from sudden passing. As of now accessible instruments has a few confinements which makes them underutilized by populace. Our exploration item may decrease this constraint and advance hazard assessment on time.

Dr. chandrashekhar uppin

Bauhinia racemosa Lam. is a tall tree growing throughout Sri Lanka, China, India, and Pakistan. Various parts of the plant have great medicinal potential in folklore medicine and are used for diarrhoea, fever, skin diseases, cough, malaria, etc. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antiulcer, cytotoxicity and hypotensive activities of Bauhinia racemosa have been reported. Different parts of this plant contain β-amyrin, β-sitosterol, kaempferol, quercetin, scopoletin, scopolin and tannins

Dr. salman ahmed

During the 16th century, firearms played a transformative role in Indian warfare, considerably enhancing the effectiveness of the Mughal army. The introduction of muskets and artillery by Babur in 1526 revolutionized military strategies, giving the Mughals a decisive advantage in battles and sieges. The Mughal army’s structure, particularly under Akbar’s Mansabdari system, centralized control and ensured a loyal, efficient military force. This technological and organizational superiority enabled the Mughals to consolidate power over diverse regions through a combination of military might and diplomacy. By the 17th century, there was a significant change in rebellions as firearms started being used by peasants. This shift in weaponry fundamentally altered the nature of these uprisings, empowering the peasantry in new ways to resist authority. Multiethnic regional powers also recognized the importance of firearms, acquiring them from the Mughals or Europeans, and employing them effectively in battles. In the mid-18th century, the Marathas and later the Mysore Sultanate took a notable step by establishing arms factories and engaging European experts to produce advanced firearms. This marked a departure from the past, where regional powers typically relied on the Mughals or European companies for firearm procurement. This shift toward domestic arms production signaled a move toward greater self-sufficiency and the development of advanced firepower. By the 18th century, the Mughal Empire was in decline, and multiethnic regional powers and European colonial forces, equipped with advanced firearms, challenged and eventually overshadowed Mughal dominance.

Bidyut patar

Justificativa e objetivo: O uso inadequado da estatística básica é o maior responsável peloerro de interpretac ̧ão dos artigos científicos. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão foi rever algunstópicos básicos de estatística para alertar autores e leitores sobre a importância do relatoadequado da estatística básica.

Kamal singh

Background: Pregnancy-related hormonal changes increase the risk of gingival inflammation and bleeding. Poor oral hygiene and dietary habits, such as frequent intake of sugary foods, may worsen this risk. Understanding the relationship between diet, oral hygiene, and gingival health in pregnant women is essential for improving prenatal care. This study aimed to assess dietary patterns, oral hygiene practices, and self-reported gingival bleeding among pregnant women attending the Mother and Child Hospital, Ondo, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over four months among 216 pregnant women at the Mother & Child Clinic, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo, Southwest Nigeria. A structured, self-administered questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene habits, perceived oral health conditions, and dietary patterns. Clinical oral examinations were conducted using the Oral Hygiene Index. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Most participants (79.2%) were in their second or third trimester. Although 83.3% used toothbrushes and 52.3% brushed twice daily, 39.8% had poor oral hygiene, and 33.3% reported gingival bleeding. Despite 76.4% awareness of dental services, 53.2% had never visited a dentist. Most participants frequently consumed fruits (88.9%), vegetables (84.8%), and animal proteins (84.7%), while 43.0% consumed sugary drinks regularly. No significant association was found between dietary habits and gingival bleeding. Conclusion: The study revealed a clear awareness–behavior gap: good knowledge of oral health did not translate into optimal hygiene practices or dental visits. Poor oral hygiene remained common, and gingival bleeding was prevalent. Although most participants had healthy diets, sugary drink intake was still high. Diet alone was not protective against gingival bleeding. Promoting effective oral hygiene and integrating dental care into prenatal programs is recommended.

Karishma

Background Type 2 diabetes and obesity are serious public health concerns globally and a growing burden in Africa. Both conditions have serious repercussions on health when they co-occur, yet the extent of their co-occurrence in Africa remains unknown. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa. Method A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, African Index Medicus (AIM), and African Journals Online (AJOL) for observational studies that reported the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity among type 2 diabetes patients in Africa. The prevalence data from individual studies were aggregated through a random-effects meta-analysis. The I2 statistic was used to evaluate between-studies heterogeneity, while subgroup analysis and mixed-effects meta-regression were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. We assessed publication bias using funnel plots and Egger’s test. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Of 1753 records retrieved, 80 articles were eligible for this review, with 74 cross-sectional studies included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35.6% and 25.6% respectively, while the overall prevalence of both overweight and obesity was 61.4%. Also, the pooled prevalence of both overweight and obesity across the five geographical areas in Africa ranged from 56.9% in East Africa to 88.5% in Southern Africa. Nineteen factors were significantly associated with overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion The high prevalence of overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes is a significant public health concern that transcends geographical boundaries within Africa. The findings from this review highlight the need for innovative weight management interventions that are tailored to the cultural context of the African setting

Emmanuel ekpor

This study investigated the practice of artificial fruit ripening among fruit vendors of banana, plantain, mango and pawpaw in Rivers State. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. Two objectives, corresponding research questions and null hypotheses guided the study. The population for the study comprised all the accessible 1,810 fruit vendors in Rivers East senatorial district. A sample size of 472 fruit vendors was drawn using multi-stage sampling procedure. A validated self-structured questionnaire titled ‘Practice of Artificial Fruit Ripening’ with inter-scale reliability co- efficient of 0.896 was used as instrument for data collection. The descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while inferential statistics of Z-test and One-Way Analysis of Variance were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. It was found that fruit vendors in Rivers State sometimes practiced artificial fruit ripening using chemical and non-chemical methods. It was also discovered that regardless of their level of education and years of experience in the fruit business, the fruit vendors sometimes indulged in unhealthy practice of artificial fruit ripening. More so, the study revealed significant difference in practice among the fruit vendors in Rivers State based on level of education and years of experience. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the current practice of artificial fruit ripening in Rivers State is not in tandem with global best practices and therefore portend danger to the wellbeing of Rivers people and other Nigerians. The study therefore recommended among others that; community health workers should carry-out regular and effective health awareness campaigns concerning the dangers of using chemicals to ripen fruits. The Government of Rivers State through the Ministry of Agriculture should organise training programmes for fruit vendors on faster, safer, and economically feasible methods of fruits ripening and other post-harvest management techniques

Fxintegrity publishing

Urolithiasis is a common problem that has been afflicted for centuries and has a high recurrence. This review covers the sixty-four (64) antiurolithiatic plants of the family Fabaceae used in 18 different countries and their historical antiurolithiatc background. Hopefully, this review will be helpful for the general public and attract the scientific world for antiurolithiatic drug discovery.

Dr. salman ahmed

Background: Cannabis sativa has garnered significant attention due to its complex phytochemistry and diverse pharmacological properties. Given the rising interest in medicinal cannabis, understanding its physicochemical properties is crucial for drug development, quality control, and abuse prevention. This study aimed to analyze its phytoconstituents, with a focus on the isolation and profiling of cannabinoids. Methods: Fresh C. sativa leaves were macerated in ethanol to obtain a crude extract, which underwent phytochemical screening to detect alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, terpenes, steroids, and resins. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed using a n-hexane/diethyl ether (8:2) ratio as the mobile phase to separate cannabinoids, with visualization under UV light. Column chromatography further purified the extract, and subsequent TLC confirmed cannabinoid-rich fractions. Hydrogen peroxide-modified TLC was employed to assess oxidation effects on cannabinoid stability. Results: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, and resins, while saponins and tannins were absent. TLC analysis revealed distinct Rf values for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC = 0.94) and cannabidiol (CBD = 0.90), with color differentiation indicating successful separation and a more polar nature of CBD. Column chromatography yielded enriched fractions, validated by TLC. Hydrogen peroxide exposure altered Rf values of 0.78 to 0.8, suggesting oxidative degradation. The study identified THC and CBD as dominant markers, alongside minor cannabinoids, reinforcing C. sativa’s complex chemical profile. These findings give clues to further research into standardized extraction protocols and stability testing to optimize medicinal applications of the plant and its phytoconstituents. Conclusions: This study highlights the efficacy of TLC and column chromatography for cannabinoid isolation and profiling. The presence of THC, CBD, and other bioactive compounds underscores C. sativa’s dual therapeutic and psychoactive potential.

Karishma

Work life balance of employees has become an important issue which discusses mainly about their carrer development and the family care, it is necessary to know how the employees balance the demand for their profession and also their domestic compulsions. Professional life is hat the aim to grow and earn respect in the workplace and the society they live-in. Personal life means taking care of family, spouse, children, health and spending the available leisure time effectively. According to work foundation, the term work-life balance is about individuals having a measure of control over when, where and how they work, leading them to be able to enjoy an optimal quality of life. It is defined as establishing a successful balance between working obligations and personal commitments. Work – life balance for teaching professional has become a challenge in recent years. Teachers work load demands their time both in the institution and also extends to their home. Teaching professionals need to focus on soft skills and life skills so that they should aim at producing good citizens for the country.

Dr.n.s.lissy

The latest phase of capitalist expansion is called “globalisation”. That no state is an autarky but enjoys comparative advantage over others with certain resources and that free trade among these states would work for mutual benefit is the essence of it. Consequently, it advocates the minimization of the governmental intervention in economic affairs and encourages free play of market forces to foster economic development. The argument that this rationale is also applicable to higher education is increasingly gaining currency. But this paper attempts to problematise such a proposition and in contrary argues that this may prove inimical to national development. Education and especially higher education is considered to be one of the factors that help state to promoting national development. However, apologists of globalisation call for its commercialization and argue for the “withdrawal of the state” from this realm. This has only resulted in mystifying profound class inequalities within and without state. Higher education in India is not immune to this ideology in the guise of good economics. It is being structured in such a fashion since 1991 that it has been primarily coupled with the process of economic liberalization and privatization. International financial institutions like World Bank, IMF, GATT, GATS, etc are its votaries. Education was acknowledged as one of the key sectors to be traded. As a result, higher education as a “social good” is fast shifting to being a commodity in the market.

Dr gedam kamalakar

With a few years of teaching medical students and witnessing the status of medical education and health care delivery in Libya, for a decade or more, a reflection of what is happening in Libya, the country which has given respect and economic freedom to a teacher like me. The Republic of India, a South Asian country is the seventh largest nation by area, the second most populous country and the most populous democracy in the globe. One of the fundamental rights of the Indian constitution is the ‘Right to life’ which translates to “Right to Health”. India is a Federal country with 29 states and eight union territories [1]. Indian health care is taken care of by the States by organizing and delivering health care and the Central Government takes responsibility for international health treaties: medical education, prevention of food adulteration, quality control in drug manufacturing, national disease control and family planning. Indian health care under the public sector is provided free to people who are below the poverty line. Indian Public Health sector caters to 18.0% of total patient care and 44.0% of total in patient care. The total expenditure for health care is around 04.0% of the GDP and out-of-pocket expenses are around 69.0%. If it is calculated the cost of health care is around 1700 Indian rupees/capita/year [2]. It is true of Libya also. It has its national health a policy with free medical care and policy to cater to the needs of the Libyan people. With the civil unrest, and a transient locally elected government, Libya finds itself in very critical situation related to its economy and public services including public health. The hospitals built and their destruction because of the civil war lie in a very demanding conditions with poor supply chains and logistics to maintain the necessary demand and supply situation. The health care personnel physicians, nurses and public health workers are competent. They have to operate in a trying condition to save lives with limited healthcare facilities in the form of drug, medicine and medical equipment.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Food nutrients are essential for the growth and development of human. In several parts of the world, Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta), is a tropical root crop cultivated for food formulations and consumption by humans. This study was conducted to assess the nutritional evaluation (weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, net protein retention, and biological value) of the processed cocoyam, soya bean (Glycine max) flours and their blends by feeding trials using Albino rabbits. The sun-dried samples were milled to size (sieve with 25 µm aperture size) to obtain homogenous flours. Blends were obtained with various ratios according to the percentage of soya bean/cocoyam flours. The biological value, protein efficiency ratio, and net protein retention were analysed using standard methods for the calculations. Net protein retention of soya bean flour was higher than that for cocoyam flour. The highest biological value was given by the 50% blend, while the lowest was given by the control diet. The higher the protein efficiency ratio values, the higher the protein quality. The highest protein efficiency ratio value was given by soya bean flour, while the lowest value was from Cocoyam flour. The best blend of Cocoyam and soya bean flours obtained based on chemical and nutritional evaluations was the 50% blend of soya bean and Cocoyam flours.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Dietary supplements are extensively consumed, but irrational use is a health hazard. Pharmacy students, being future healthcare providers, can facilitate rational use. The present study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pharmacy students at Srinivas College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, about dietary supplements and their role as an advocate, in addition to mental health correlations. 250 students selected through stratified random sampling took part in a cross-sectional mixed-methods study. A 30-question instrument (Cronbach's alpha=0.85) measured demographics, dietary supplement usage, knowledge, attitude, practices, and mental health was evaluated with the depression, anxiety, and stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The data were collected during January-March 2025 and were analyzed with the chi-square test, logistic regression, and Pearson correlation tests. 35.0% (n=88) used dietary supplements regularly, with a preference for multivitamins (50%) and protein supplements (30%). Knowledge was moderate (60% risk aware), attitudes favorable (70% in favor of counseling), but practice restricted (25% informed peers). Everyday use of dietary supplements escalated stress probability (OR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.8-3.4, p<0.001), with correlation (r=0.38, p<0.01). In conclusion, students have promise as dietary supplement champions but require additional training to close knowledge-practice gaps and mitigate mental health risks. Curriculum and policy interventions are needed to enhance students' abilities in encouraging rational dietary supplement use and identifying potential mental health effects.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: Malaria is a systemic disease caused by various species of Plasmodium, transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. According to the World Health Organisation, there were 214 million cases of malaria worldwide in 2015. Nigeria’s burden of malaria is about 51million cases and 207,000 deaths annually, accounting for 60% of outpatient visits to hospitals, 11% of maternal mortality, and 30% of child mortality. The study aimed to compare RDT and microscopy in malaria diagnosis in a District Hospital in Enugu state, Southeast Nigeria. Methods: Blood samples of 300 suspected cases of acute malaria were tested for malaria parasite using RDT and microscopy simultaneously. Results: In 2017, the study found a malaria prevalence of 25% (46.2% in children, and 18.1% in adults) in Awgu. RDT was positive in 38% and microscopy in 70.3% of cases. Both RDT and microscopy were positive in 36.3%, negative in 28.3%, and discordant in 35.4%. Sensitivity of RDT was 50.7% (89.4% in children, and 25.6% in adults). RDT had a specificity of 100% (both children and adults), positive predictive value of 1 (both children and adults), and negative predictive value of 0.6 (0.5 in children, 0.6 in adults). Conclusions: RDT (SD Malaria Ag P. f) had more sensitivity in children (89.4%) than adults (25.6%), and the occurrence of false negative results was more in adults (46.8%) than children (9.5%). All negative RDT results need to be examined microscopically, to rule out false negative cases.

Emmanuel umegbolu