The control of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Nigeria from inception is predicated on effective biosecurity by stamping out policy but outbreaks of the disease continued to re-occur with altered clinico-pathologic manifestations. This study undertook the qualitative assessment of the clinico- pathological features of HPAI H5N1 during the 2021/2022 outbreaks in commercial poultry and peri-domestic birds in northern Nigeria. A total of 22 commercial poultry farms with 53,932 laying chickens and 3 households with 120 backyard broiler chickens, 18 indigenous chickens, 10 peafowls and 9 geese were investigated for HPAI. The clinico-pathologic manifestations observed in commercial poultry were subtle compared to previous presentations of the disease except in the peafowls, geese, broilers and indigenous chickens. The interspecies mortality rates significantly varied from 1.6% to 19.6% for laying chickens and 33.3% to 100% for broilers, indigenous chickens, geese and peafowls. Based on the history of sudden and high mortality, clinical signs and post mortem lesions observed, three diseases; HPAI, very virulent Newcastle disease and fowl cholera were drawn out as differential diagnoses. However, a tentative diagnosis of HPAI was made and samples were sent to the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria for confirmatory diagnosis. Results of the laboratory tests conducted on the samples using one step flu A screening and duplex real time RT-PCR and virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs confirmed HPAI H5N1 in twenty-five farms. It is concluded that the continuous though, irregular outbreaks of HPAI and emerging clinico-pathologic manifestations are pointers to failure of control and that the disease may become endemic. It is recommended that government should review its policy on the control of HPAI to include the adoption of zoned vaccination with close monitoring.

Bitrus inuwa

Background: Hyoscine N-butylbromide (HBB; Buscopan) is commonly used in obstetric practice to accelerate labor and facilitate cervical dilation, yet variability in knowledge, attitude, and clinical usage persists among practitioners. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and usage patterns of HBB among medical practitioners at Abia State University Teaching Hospital (ABSUTH), Aba, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted between August 2024 and April 2025 among 102 medical practitioners directly involved in labor care at ABSUTH. A structured, self-administered questionnaire, validated through expert review and pilot testing (Cronbach’s α = 0.78), was used to collect data on demographics, knowledge, attitude, and usage patterns. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square tests and Pearson correlations, were performed using SPSS v. 25.0. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Among 102 respondents, 93.1% had heard of HBB, and 70.6% correctly identified it as an antispasmodic. While 69.6% recognized its primary mechanism as cervical relaxation, 48% were aware of contraindications. The majority agreed that it is effective (mean = 4.12) and improves maternal outcomes (mean = 4.01). About 85.3% had administered it during labor, mostly in the active phase (64.7%), with the intravenous route being most preferred (56.9%). Statistically significant associations were observed between knowledge and attitude (χ² = 18.442, p = 0.001), specialty and frequency of use (χ² = 12.695, p = 0.048), and formal training with dosage knowledge (χ² = 15.210, p = 0.002). Knowledge, attitude, and usage scores were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). Conclusions: While the majority of practitioners at ABSUTH are familiar with and frequently use HBB in labor management, knowledge gaps and variations in practice remain. Strengthening formal training and incorporating standardized protocols could improve evidence-based usage and maternal outcomes.

Karishma

Assessment of convergent validity of latent variables is one of the steps in conducting structural equation modeling via partial least squares (PLS-SEM). In this paper, we illustrate such an assessment using a loadings-driven approach. The analysis employs WarpPLS, a leading PLSSEM software tool.

Johnny amora

This study aims to creating an application in the widespread Excel spreadsheet program, using the common feed materials used in poultry rations include maize, wheat, barley, soybean meal, wheat bran, sunflower oil, protein concentrate, limestone, salt, diCalcium Phosphate, premix of vitamins and minerals, anti-coccidial, where the function property in Excel program, especially the sum - product function, can be used to create an application for formulating rations in a trial and error method until reaching the desired goal in terms of its nutrient content: (dry matter, crude protein, lysine, methionine, methionine and cysteine, calcium, available phosphorus, crude fiber, ether extract, linoleic acid, chlorine, sodium, arginine, phenylalanine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, threonine, tryptophan, leucine, Valine, histidine, glycine, glycine and Serine, as well as soluble carbohydrates, ash)%, in addition to estimate the cost of the ration

Rafea mohammedtaher khulel

In addition to predatory journals and publishers, researchers now need to be wary of predatory conferences as well with the checklist given here to really check yourself.Because the predatory journals and publishers make target to the new researchers there must be need of that type of articles

Dr.ved nath jha

This chapter discusses the effects of stimuli that combine sexuality and aggression. It outlines the debate over aggressive versus nonaggressive pornography and discusses the frequency of aggressive pornography and bases for concern. Aggressive pornography and sexual arousal is explored in the chapter wherein initial findings, victim's responses, individual differences, context of assessment, and conclusions are discussed. The chapter reviews the effects of aggressive pornography on responses other than aggression wherein it has discussed about changes in sexual responsiveness, fantasies, and perceptions and attitudes. The effects of aggressive pornography on aggression are explored in the chapter wherein research findings are discussed in detail and summary of effects on aggression, theoretical analyses, and the construct validity of assessing aggression are also described. The data across the laboratory and field experiments discussed in this chapter raise a variety of theoretical and empirical issues that should be addressed in future research. Particularly noteworthy are questions concerning stimuli, subject, and setting characteristics.

John dolores

Rice bean (Vigna Umbellata), a traditional crop cultivated across South, Southeast, and East Asia, is characterized by its wild variety spanning the tropical monsoon forest climatic zone. Despite its vast nutritional and production potential, falling within the leguminous family Fabaceae, the rice bean represents one of many underutilized crops. Indigenous to South and Southeast Asian regions, particularly hilly areas, rice bean is cultivated alongside crops like maize, forming an integral part of impoverished farming communities' livelihoods. Despite its extensive utilization in traditional practices, its commercial significance remains largely unrecognized. However, recent attention has been drawn to the rice bean's nutritional richness, bioactive compounds, and various medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic effects. This significant attention underscores its potential for commercialization and contribution to improving the livelihoods of underprivileged populations. Furthermore, its cultivation and processing give rise to diverse products, reflecting its cultural significance and adaptability across different regions.

Dr. salman ahmed

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the association of organic farming to strengthen the sustainability of organic agriculture. Organic agriculture shows abundant benefits, as it reduces many of the environmental impacts of conventional agriculture, it can increase efficiency in small farmers’ fields, and it reduces reliance on costly external inputs, and guarantees price premiums for organic products. Organic farmers also profit from farmer cooperative and the formation of social networks, which enhances good access to instruction, credit and welfare services. This paper brings out how the function of organic farming contributes for the sustainable practices and improving environment conservation, animal welfare, and product quality.

Svedbergopen

Neurological sicknesses are severe, multifactorial, debilitating disorders that may cause neurodegeneration. Neuroprotection protects the structure and capacity of neurons from affronts emerging from cell injuries instigated by an assortment of specialists or neurodegenerative diseases. Various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and epilepsy, afflict many people worldwide, with increasing age representing the leading risk factor. Crocin is a natural carotenoid compound with therapeutic potential in managing neurological disease. In this review, we focused on the therapeutic capabilities of Crocin as a neuroprotective agent. The general neuroprotective impact and the various conceivable essential components identified with Crocin have been examined. In light of the substantial proof indicating the neuro-pharmacological viability of Crocin to different exploratory standards, it is concluded that Crocin exerts direct antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities by multiple signalling pathways. Besides, Crocin was found to elevate dopamine levels in the brain during the experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Thus, this compound has been demonstrated to be a promising option for treating neurodegenerative diseases with few adverse effects. It should be further considered as a potential contender for neuro-therapeutics, concentrating on the mechanistic and clinical evidence for its effects.

Dr. salman ahmed

The current study was conducted to determine the insoluble, soluble, and total dietary fiber content of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Phaseolus lunatus Linn., and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn., legume flours, using AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric analysis. The results showed that M. uniflorum, P. lunatus, and P. vulgaris legume flours contained 155.91, 120.01, and 90.80 mg/g insoluble dietary fiber, respectively. At the same time, soluble dietary fiber was not found in any tested sample.

Dr. salman ahmed

Rasa shastra is aPharmaco – therapeutic branch of Ayurved, incorporates many of the Herbo– mineral – metallic pharmaceutical preparations prepared out of the Parada namely KhalviyaRasayana, ParpatiRasayana, PottaliRasayanaandKupipakwaRasayana.Rasaushadhis are important for their uniqueness in Ayurvedic therapeutics due to lesser doses. KharaliyaRasayanais used in wide range for therapeutic utility and is easy for preparation. Icchabhedi Rasa is one such kharaliyaherbo-mineral formulation mentioned in various Ayurvedic text. Icchabhedi Rasa is a classical preparation commonly used for Virechana. Icchabhedi Rasa is described in various classical texts with some variation of ingredients. Jayapalais the chief ingredient of the preparation having Katu Rasa, UshnaVirya and KatuVipaka. It is well known for its strong purgative action. Though variation is observed in thedescription of these KharaliyaRasayana and compilation of these will help to study in comparative manner.AYU

Suri abhiram

Over the years, pharmacy has developed from a simple floor stock system to a complex unit dose, I.V. additive, and clinical pharmacy program. This development would have never been possible without the support of the nursing, medical, and administrative staff. The support of obtained slowly by developing services that increase the pharmacist's credibility as a team member concerned with the pediatric and neonate patients. These services include a unit dose program, I.V. additive program, drug information services, and pharmacy medication program. One area in which pharmacist does not obtain a background from generalized training is the area of pediatric dosing. Pediatric pharmacists must learn in clinical practice the proper dosing of the pediatric patient and neonate patient. The dose must be checked periodically. In the premature or newborn infant, the pharmacist must consider the immature renal and hepatic function so that he/she does not overdose initially and then underdose as the infant grows and matures. Neonates are a special group of children, they are less than 30 days, and within this group preterm babies (that means less than 37 weeks). Determining the correct dose for drugs used to treat neonates is a critically vital factor. Prematurity affects kidney and liver function and the proper adjustment of drug doses is crucial [1]. The absence of drug level necessitates the adjustment of drug doses and the presence of qualified oriented dependable pharmacists. Drug doses are not numbers, or decimals used within the therapeutic range. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) needs a system for the calculation and preparation of drugs [2].

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Migratory behaviour in Littorina scabra (Linne 1758) was studied in a mangrove ecosystem and observations were made in their natural habitat or in situ observation in Tanjung Tiram, Ambon. Migratory speed and pattern of L. scabra of different sizes (small and large) particularly in mangrove Sonneratia alba were observed throughout of the February 19th to March 11th, 2019 during the day and night on incoming or outgoing tides and these are usually a 3 hours (270 minutes) observation. Marked snails were used to track the position to investigate their migratory direction and speed during advancing and receding tides. Those organisms migrate up and down the trees following the tidal cycles. This study indicates that small size organisms which live on leaves, branches or trunks move faster than the big organisms and they move faster during the incoming tide than outgoing tide. For a big size L. scabra, they move slower during the incoming tide than the outgoing tide. This behaviour indicates that they move faster to avoid immersion during incoming tide than during the outgoing tide when they move slower because they are searching for food. The migration trials showed different patterns for all sizes of L. scabra and this pattern seems to be influenced by the area of surface they occupy such as leaves, branches or trunks. They tend to move forward in one direction (almost straight line) when they are on a small surface such as trunks and on the larger surface such as leaves and braches most L. scabra of all sizes make different trial patterns such zig-zag.

Irma kesaulya

One of the most common situations in the management process is problematic situations or conflicts, where each complex situation or conflict has unique consequences, and neglect to find the best way out of such situations put the leader in a more difficult situation. Especially at a time while COVID-19 is putting the world community in a very difficult situation, difficult to resolve conflicts, universal conflicts, the role of leaders, managers are discussed, problem solutions are proposed through management theory.

Ikboljon odashev mashrabjonovich

Purpose: The study aims to explore all possible morphological features of calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals and their habits in case of inhibition. Methods: The study was carried out on a glass slide to observe the growth and inhibition of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals by using infusions (5-20%) of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc, Phaseolus lunatus Linn. and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. The reagents of the double diffusion gel technique were used for this purpose. Results: Calcium oxalate crystals are divided into three types: calcium oxalate monohydrate, dihydrate, and trihydrate. These types are further divided into sub-types based on their morphology. In the case of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), these crystals are donuts, dumbbells, needles, platy, prismatic, rosette, round edges and X-shaped. Calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) is the elongated large rods and tetragonal bipyramidal forms. In the present study, dendritic or arborescent (tree-like platy crystals) were observed for the first time as part of a COM growth. Long chain loose agglomerates and compact aggregated crystals are the typical pattern of calcium oxalate crystals. All tested infusions caused growth inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals. Smaller nucleation zones and defective shapes of the grown crystals are declared different growth inhibition patterns. Conclusion: This study gives extensive information about morphology, aggregation and growth inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals.

Dr. salman ahmed

Natural products play a major role in maintaining healthy people and animals and in preventing sickness. Experiments have shown that these natural compounds have several biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects. Using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct database searches, current recorded information was incorporated in this review. The databases listed above were searched using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms for data extraction: preventative, natural product, phytoconstituents, natural products for Parkinson's illness, Alzheimer's disease, and natural products for the brain. The effectiveness of natural products in a variety of preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases has been demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies. Phytoconstituents, such as polyphenolic antioxidants, are present in freshwater and marine flora, as well as in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and herbs. These phytoconstituents may help the brain's memory and cognitive processes while preventing neurodegeneration. Moreover, they are essential in the prevention and treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurological conditions. This review briefly highlights a few neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing how natural products and nutraceuticals function against neurological disorders.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The purpose of this study is to describe the planning, implementation and evaluation of the tahfidzul Al-Qur'an program for students volume 5 at MI Muhammadiyah 02 Pontang Ambulu Jember. This study uses a qualitative approach and the technique of determining data sources using purposive sampling. Collecting data through observation, interviews and documentaries. Data analysis, descriptive qualitative with data reduction steps, data presentation, conclusion drawing/verification. To check the validity of the data using triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of the research show: (1) Planning the tahfidzul Al-Qur'an program for students volume 5 at MI Muhammadiyah 02 Pontang Ambulu Jember, namely: determining the goal of memorizing 2 letters Al-Insyiqaq and Al-Muthoffifin, instilling a love of the Qur'an since early, Content of material, determine method, Determination of media, Determination of evaluation. (2) The implementation of the tahfidzul Al-Qur'an program for students volume 5 at MI Muhammadiyah 02 Pontang Ambulu Jember, namely: students memorizing letters Al-Insyiqaq and Al-Muthoffifin, reading letters according to makhraj and tajwid, Submission of material by teachers, using tilawati method by listening, imitating, reading together and repeatedly, using Juz 'Amma, Al-Qur'an and murottal media. (3) Evaluation of the tahfidzul Al-Qur'an program for students volume 5 at MI Muhammadiyah 02 Pontang Ambulu Jember, namely: evaluation of objectives, evaluation of material based on the target of memorizing letters Al-Insyiqaq and Al-Muthoffifin and not experiencing difficulties, evaluation of methods, formative evaluation at the end of each lesson and letter increase.

Educare: journal of primary education

Oecophylla longinoda has some reported medicinal uses, including antimicrobial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was designed to investigate the Oecophylla longinoda methanol extract to evaluate the toxicity profiles of its acute and sub-acute effects. The experiments were conducted to determine the oral median lethal dose (LD50) and other gross toxicological manifestations on an acute basis. In the first phase of the acute toxicity study, three per group were administered Oecophylla longinoda at single oral doses of 10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, and 1600, 2900, and 5000 mg/kg of Oecophylla longinoda in the second phase. In the sub-acute studies, the mice were orally administered 2.5 g/kg Oecophylla longinoda per day for 14 consecutive days. Rat body weight and fluid intake were recorded during the 14 days. The rat kidney, heart, liver, and blood sera were obtained for weight, histological, and biochemical markers including glucose, cholesterol, proteins, triglycerides, enzymes including ALT, AST, and ALP, as well as electrolytes (sodium and potassium) examinations. Results show that the methanol extract of Oecophylla longinoda is safe, and no significant changes in the biochemical markers that indicate harmful effects on the kidney and liver were observed in mice. However, the liver showed slight changes while the kidneys and heart remained healthy in mice exposed to Oecophylla longinoda. The no-observed-adverse-effect limit was 5000 mg/Kg body weight/day.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

ABSTRACT- Objective- The principal objective of the present investigation was the preparation of several analogs to further evaluate the binding site hypothesis. Aryl semicarbazides have also been reported to display excellent anticonvulsant activity in mice and rats. Method- In this project, the synthesis of semicarbazone derivatives was carried out. All molecules were synthesized using the common starting material –aniline. In all compounds, an intermediate was first formed by substituted phenyl urea using substituted aniline and potassium cyanate, and then it was hydrolyzed to get substituted phenyl semicarbazide, which was directly coupled with ketones. All the synthesized compounds were biologically screened for their anticonvulsant activity by the MES method. Result- Standard error mean was calculated concerning standard and control drug, Phenytoin sodium (25mg/kg.) and DMSO. The synthesized semicarbazone was characterized by using IR Spectroscopy. One another representative molecule compound was characterized using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Conclusion- It can be concluded that designed semicarbazones were synthesized and characterized successfully. After synthesis of designed semicarbazones compounds were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. Finally, two compounds have shown better activity in comparison to the other molecules.

Ajay garg

Pedagogical leadership has become an emerging and essential debate in the field of educational administration and leadership. This was a result of the shift from the hierarchical type in the past to a more inclusive, collaborative, and participative leadership. Previous studies indicate the furtherance of the inquiry into pedagogical leadership since it is a work in progress. For this reason, a systematic literature review mapped the literature relevant to pedagogical leadership. The review drew the lines between the empirical and theoretical-conceptual contributions, including the methodologies considered in both contributions. The results have implications for a more robust theoretical-empirical model or framework of pedagogical leadership applicable to specific levels of education, especially higher education contexts. The study also implies applying pedagogical leadership in the team, at departmental and organizational levels. Results imply promoting the culture of pedagogical leadership.

Manuel caingcoy