The potential of endemic medicinal plants in Yemen for sustainable pharmaceutical applications is home to a diverse and unique flora, with a significant proportion of endemic and near-endemic species that are traditionally used in folk medicine. This study documents 16 medicinal plant species from Abyan Governorate, Southeastern Yemen, and analyzes their traditional therapeutic uses and the extent to which they have been phytochemically investigated. The majority of these species are used to treat skin diseases, wounds, and burns. However, the findings indicate that 56.3% of these plants have not yet been studied for their active compounds. The Asclepiadaceae family was the most represented among the studied taxa, yet remains largely chemically unexplored. The study emphasizes the importance of preserving ethnobotanical knowledge and recommends future phytochemical screening and pharmacological validation of under-researched species for sustainable use in pharmaceutical development.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Phaseolus vulgaris Linn commonly known as red kidney bean, is enriched in protein, carbohydrates and dietary fibres. Beans have nutritional and health benefits and possess antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and anticancer activity due to bio-active chemical constituents. The following study was carried out to evaluate the anti-depressant activity of Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil (PVFO) using a forced swim test and tail suspension test in mice. In this study, animals were assigned into four groups (n=7). Group I: Control normal saline (2 mL/Kg), Group II: PVFO I (2 mL/Kg), Group III: PVFO II (4 mL/Kg) and Group IV: standard amitriptyline (10 mg/Kg). The significant results indicated the possible anti-depressant role of Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil.

Dr. salman ahmed

This study ascertained availability of disaster preparedness and digitization in archives preservation in public libraries in Rivers state. Two objectives and its corresponding research questions and hypotheses guided this study. The descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. The target population of this study comprised 514 library staff drawn from Rivers state library board and staff from Jubilee library Port Harcourt. The sample size for this study was 399 library staff comprising of 227 staff from Rivers state library board and 172 library staff from Jubilee library Port Harcourt. The sample size was determined by Taro Yamane sample size determination formula while a two-stage sampling technique of stratified and simple random sampling techniques was used to select the sample size. A self-structured questionnaire titled availability of disaster preparedness and digitization in archives preservation questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. Face and content validation was ensured by three experts. The instrument yielded reliability coefficients of 0.79 with the use of Cronbach Alpha reliability method. Meanand Standard Deviation was used in answering research questions while z-test was used for the inferential statistics. The findings revealed that disaster preparedness and digitization in the preservation of archives are supported and available in public libraries in Rivers state, Nigeria. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in the responses of Rivers state library board staff and Jubilee library Port Harcourt staff on the terms of the availability of the disaster preparedness and digitization in archive preservation in the public libraries. It was therefore recommended that more librarians should be employed by the Rivers state government so as to make the process of archive preservation in the State’s public libraries through disaster preparedness and digitization less rigorous and efficient.

Fxintegrity publishing

Background: Pulses are well known richest source of vegetable protein and is known as poor man’s food because of its essential component in diet. The frontline demonstrations of pulses were carried out on 311.8 ha area with 694 demonstrations in different clusters of Nagaur district of Rajasthan. Methods: Front line demonstrations on chickpea, mung bean and moth bean crop were conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nagaur-I, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during rabi and Kharif season of 2011-12 to 2019-20. Result: In demonstrations up to 29.43%, 30.29% and 35.22% yield increase of chickpea, mungbean and moth bean crop was observed over the farmer’s practices in the year 2011-12, 2017 and 2016. The yield gap between improved technology and conventional farmer’s practices was ranging from 1.98 to 4.54 q/ha, 0.61 to 2.55 q/ha and 0.6 to 1.68 q/ha, respectively. Whereas, the highest net returns of ` 71,881 ha-1 , ` 45,884 ha-1 and ` 14,315 ha-1 was observed in the year 2019-20, 2014 and 2016, respectively with the highest incremental cost benefit ratio of 1:3.71, 1:3.95 and 1:1.97 under demonstrations practices.

Dr. babu lal jat

The novel coronavirus pandemic is affecting the whole world and it is predicted that the process will continue for a long time. The health, economic and social problems caused by this process have greatly affected women as well. In addition to the problems endured by the general population, women are facing additional challenges involving their reproductive health, pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period. Women are trying to deal with a range of concerns, from difficulties in accessing family planning services to being unable to meet their own basic reproductive health needs. Under the pandemic conditions, it has become increasingly difficult for social services to respond sensitively to women's particular needs. The needs of coronavirus patients take precedence, and the women’s needs remain in the background. Women are facing stress, anxiety, fear, as well as disease. So, midwifery practices need to be revised to adapt to the pandemic conditions. This revision must involve not only technical issues but also psychosocial adjustments. Women have been demanding home births on social media, and this is a subject that require some legal regulations. Respect for women's birth is one of their most fundamental rights. National criteria should be developed to accommodate the support structures needed for a home birth. The social support that midwives offer women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, play a key role. Since it is important to increase the awareness of midwives in this regard, this article deals with women's needs for social support and possible midwifery approaches for supporting women through their pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.

Reyhan aydin doğan

This research was conducted at Al-Baitul Amien Elementary School Jember which aims to answer the problem 1) How is the concept of prophetic education in shaping the character of students in Al-Baitul Amien Elementary School Jember? 2) How is the implementation of prophetic education in shaping the character of students in Al-Baitul Amien Jember Elementary School? 3) How is the evaluation of prophetic education in shaping the character of students at Al-Baitul Amien Elementary School Jember? The method used in this research is qualitative research methods. The approach used is a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate: (1) The concept of prophetic education in shaping the character of students at Al-Baitul Amien Elementary School Jember, namely: the formation of a distinctive curriculum based on the historical values ??of the mosque, religious habituation programs, and the commemoration of Islamic holidays. (2) Implementation of prophetic education in shaping the character of students in Al-Baitul Amien Jember Elementary School, namely: Dhuha Prayers, Dhuhr and Asr Prayers in Congregation, Asmaul Husna Habits, Tahfidz Qur'an, Juz 30 Hafalan Program, Tartil Qur'an, Tilawati Qur'an (Qiro'ah), Friday charity, Islamic Studies, Team of action / affection, Learning the Koran, PAI Subjects, Learning Arabic, Student Liaison and Achievement Books, Commemoration of Islamic Holidays, Sholawat and Hadrah, Nasyid, and Da'i Little. (3) Evacuation of prophetic education in shaping the character of students at Al-Baitul Amien Jember Elementary School, namely: a connecting book for reports on the implementation of student sunnah prayers, compulsory prayer services, student morals at home, and also letters from parents to teachers and vice versa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar Al-Baitul Amien Jember yang bertujuan untuk menjawab permasalahan, 1) Bagaimana konsep pendidikan profetik dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik di Sekolah Dasar Al-BaitulAmien Jember? 2) Bagaimana implementasi pendidikan profetik dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik di Sekolah Dasar Al-Baitul Amien Jember? 3) Bagaimana evaluasi pendidikan profetik dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik di Sekolah Dasar Al-Baitul Amien Jember? Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Dan keabsahan datanya menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) Konsep pendidikan profetik dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik di Sekolah Dasar Al-Baitul Amien Jember yaitu: Kurikulum dibuat berdasarkan nilai historis masjid, program pembiasaan keagamaan, dan peringatan hari besar Islam. (2) Implementasi pendidikan profetik dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik di Sekolah Dasar Al-Baitul Amien Jember yaitu: melalui kegiatan Sholat Dhuha, Sholat Dhuhur dan Ashar berjamaah, Pembiasaan Asmaul Husna, Tahfidz Qur’an, Program Hafalan Juz 30, Tartil Qur’an, Tilawati Qur’an (Qiro’ah), Jum’at beramal, Kajian Islami, Tim penindak/ afeksi, Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an, Mata pelajaran PAI, Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, Buku Penghubung dan Prestasi Siswa, Peringatan Hari Besar Islam, Sholawat dan Hadrah, Nasyid, dan Da’i Cilik. (3) Evaluasi pendidikan profetik dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik di Sekolah Dasar Al-Baitul Amien Jember yaitu: buku penghubung laporan mengenai pelaksanaan ibadah sholat sunnah siswa, ibadah sholat wajib, akhlak siswa dirumah, dan juga lembar surat dari orang tua kepada guru maupun sebaliknya.

Educare: journal of primary education

In today’s ever-changing world with new advancements, Customer Experience or CX plays a critical role in a value proposition, thereby affecting customer loyalty, top-line metrics and business growth. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming very important because AI provides adequate, rapid, and smooth Mass-Customized interactions. Self-checkout to virtual assistants, current innovation reveals how tools supported by Artificial Intelligence increase customer-centric experience, helping to decipher and estimate the customer’s wants and needs in real-time. Thus, this paper focuses on the revolutionary impact of AI in recasting customer experience management initiatives, which includes understanding AI applications in customer marketing, customer service, customer emotion analysis, and prediction of the probable behavior of customers. By means of AI, organizations can design and deliver unique experiences for their customers, fine-tune contacts, and improve satisfaction, loyalty, and customer retention. This article thus presents a critical discussion of prior and current literature on AI and customer experience and the research methodology adopted for assessing AI quality in improving CX innovations. It expounds on results from recent case studies on the value of integrating AI. It is not a matter of whether customer experience will be powered by AI, but when and by how much, as customer data drives decisions, interactions with customers, and learning in near-real time. Therefore, as AI technologies advance, companies adopting AI in customer experience approaches will close distance or gain ground on their competitors since they will efficiently offer superior, preemptive and personalized experiences.

Mohan krishna mannava

Evidence demonstrates that inappropriate drug disposal creates a significant risk to global environmental safety. Study participants' knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the disposal of unwanted and expired medications were assessed. The study was carried out at Sebha city, in southwestern Libya, from October 2021 to April 2022. A self-administered questionnaire designed explicitly to be completed by a respondent without an interviewer's assistance was used. Out of 650, only 500 completed questionnaires was returned. The majority of the respondents admitted they have at least one medication stored at home (71.6%). Keeping expired drugs were reported by 28.2% of the respondents compared with unused medications in their house (51.2%). Almost half of the respondents (47.4%) declared that their medication were taking from the private pharmacies. “I’ll need it in the future” (48.8%), "Medicines change" (37.2%) and "Symptoms improve and recover" (32.6%) were the top three explanations given by participants. The majority of drugs reported were antibiotics (41.0%). This is followed by antipyretic and analgesic drugs, which were used by 29.8% and 27.8% of respondents, respectively. 52.2% of the respondents agreed that disposing of medicines in the garbage is the most appropriate method. Concordantly, the majority of them indicated they discarded unused or expired medicines whether they were solid (82.6%), liquid (58.4%), or semisolid (79.6%). The majority of participants indicated they were aware of the negative impact of drug waste on the environment (80.6%). More than three quarters of the participants said they had never been given instructions on how to properly dispose of medications and 60.8% thought a medical team would be the best source of knowledge. Despite acknowledging being aware of the harmful effects on the environment, the majority of participants admitted to keeping unneeded pharmaceuticals in their homes and throwing them out in the trash. The government should support the pharmacists' role in educating the public about how to properly dispose of their medications and establish the Return Unwanted Medicines Project in order to raise awareness and create cost-effective medication waste management programs.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading reason of death among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Individuals with DM have a two to five time's greater risk of developing CVD than non-DM. Unfortunately, little data exists on Libya's prevalence and characteristics of cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors and to assess their control among patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). All the patients with T2DM who attended the outpatient clinic at National Diabetes Hospital from September 2013 to April 2022 were interviewed and examined and included in this study. Demographical data age, smoking habit, body mass index measure, drug intake, history of previous cardiovascular events, blood pressure and fasting lipid profile were all recorded. 1049 patients have completed the study with a mean age of 54.06 ± 14.5 years old (females represented 68.0% of the studied sample size), there were different duration of diabetes between the studied sample, varying from newly diagnosed patients (n = 265, 25.2%) and above ten years of diabetes duration patients (n = 488, 46.5%). Active smoking in 129 patients (12.3%), the bodyweight of studied patients ranged from 44.0 Kg to 186 Kg (85.65 ± 1.73), 820 of the patients had uncontrolled body weight (78.85%). Uncontrolled blood pressure, even with treatment, was found in 304 patients (29.0%), uncontrolled dyslipidaemia in 45 patients (04.3%), and uncontrolled hyperglycaemia in 816 patients (77.9%). Established CVD was positive in 295 patients (28.2%), maximum age group was in 54 - 74 years (n = 516, 49.3%). The most typical age group with multiple (more than three) CVD risk factors was 54 - 74 years of age, were female patients with more than ten years of history of diabetes, uncontrolled hyperglycemia (HBA1c > 10%), uncontrolled body weight, uncontrolled blood pressure and dyslipidemia. Thus, the present data indicated that Libyan patients with diabetes mellitus have high CVD risk factors. Even in patients with previous events, these uncontrolled risk factors elevate the likelihood of repeated cardiovascular events. Patients with diabetes mellitus necessitate a more aggressive approach to control the modified risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and smoking.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The objective of the paper is to predict corporate bankruptcy of selected telecom service sector companies. The study ranges for a period of ten years from 2006-2007 to 2015-2016 for three selected telecom service sector. By applying Altman's Z-score model the study analyze the financial position of the companies and suggests the financial components to be concentrated to improve the financial health. Further the study suggests that the companies should regularly estimate Z-score for making strategies to improve their financial position.

Dr. jeyalakshmi p

Newborn or neonate denotes to an infant in the first few days after birth. They are not small children when it comes to medicinal use and formulation development. Neonates include term, post-term and preterm babies. The neonatal period for preterm newborn infants is defined as the day of birth through to the expected date of delivery plus 27 days. The majority of drugs used in sick newborns receiving intensive care are unlicensed and off-label, exposing infants to a greater risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study is extremely important due to the presence of a variety of drug information sources if used together lead to medication errors. From this point of view, this approach is suggested to eliminate or minimize these varieties. Where the most important challenges in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is proper and correct calculations and administration. Drug-related events in a hospital setting are the highest cause of recorded errors such as in the USA and UK

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Neurological sicknesses are severe, multifactorial, debilitating disorders that may cause neurodegeneration. Neuroprotection protects the structure and capacity of neurons from affronts emerging from cell injuries instigated by an assortment of specialists or neurodegenerative diseases. Various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and epilepsy, afflict many people worldwide, with increasing age representing the leading risk factor. Crocin is a natural carotenoid compound with therapeutic potential in managing neurological disease. In this review, we focused on the therapeutic capabilities of Crocin as a neuroprotective agent. The general neuroprotective impact and the various conceivable essential components identified with Crocin have been examined. In light of the substantial proof indicating the neuro-pharmacological viability of Crocin to different exploratory standards, it is concluded that Crocin exerts direct antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities by multiple signalling pathways. Besides, Crocin was found to elevate dopamine levels in the brain during the experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Thus, this compound has been demonstrated to be a promising option for treating neurodegenerative diseases with few adverse effects. It should be further considered as a potential contender for neuro-therapeutics, concentrating on the mechanistic and clinical evidence for its effects.

Dr. salman ahmed

PFAPA syndrome (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis) is the most common periodic fever disorder in childhood, typically resolving by early adolescence. Relapse after a prolonged symptom-free interval is rare and has been reported following tonsillectomyrelated remission. We describe a 13-year-old girl with intact tonsils who experienced recurrence of PFAPA a decade after initial remission. She presented with a 6-day history of high-grade fever, aphthous ulcers, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis unresponsive to antibiotics. Investigations showed elevated inflammatory markers, a negative infectious workup, and significant cervical lymphadenopathy on ultrasound. A single dose of prednisolone led to the rapid resolution of symptoms followed by sustained remission on follow-up. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of late PFAPA relapse and underscores the importance of clinical recognition, exclusion of mimicking conditions, and corticosteroid responsiveness in guiding management.

Karishma

This study examines the first occurrence of non-toxic dinoflagellate blooming of Gonyaulax polygramma and Chaetoceros sp in Ambon Bay that occurred for almost three weeks in January 2019 and it caused the watercolor became red brown. The objective of this study was to identified phytoplankton species and their abundance that cause red tide in the Inner Ambon bay. Phytoplankton samples were collected, temperature, salinity and Secchi depth were measured simultaneously on the 11th and 21st January 2019 (nortwest monsoon) at fifteen sampling stations in Inner Ambon Bay. The results show that the maximum abundance of G. polygramma, Chaetoceros affinis, C. danicus and C. decipiens were found in the greatest concentration up to 20×109, 9.0x106, 5.8x106 and 3.8x105 cells.L-1, respectively. They were found either in the form of a single cell or in chains. The very high abundance of cells of those species made the waters become red brown but there was no reports of fish killed during this red tide phenomena. This is the first time report of blooming phytoplankton Gonyaulax polygramma, Chaetoceros affinis, C. danicus and C. decipiens occurred in Ambon bay during the dry season where the recorded waters temperature and salinity ranged from 30-32ºC and 29-33 psu, respectively and the secchi depths ranged from 2 to 6m. These results show this is the first report of the red tide phenomena in the Inner Ambon bay during the dry season and it occurred for a long period caused by combination of the high abundance of G. polygramma Stein, Chaetoceros affinis, C. danicus and C. decipiens.

Irma kesaulya

Tremendous growth has been incorporated in the field of composite materials in the current scenario where the engineering applications are highly demandable. Currently composites are being used to replace conventional metallic materials in a wide range of industries including aerospace, defense, aircraft, and textile which require structural materials with high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios. Also natural fiber composites are currently replacing synthetic fiber composites of different applications in various engineering industries due to their low cost and eco-friendly in nature. In this work, twisted kenaf, and twisted kevlar (aramid fibers) have combined together to enhance the mechanical properties and also to improve high impact resistance with less contribution of kevlar which is very high in cost categorized next to carbon fibers. Here, the hybrid composites (natural and aramid) are done by using hand layup method, and various mechanical properties have been investigated. Also, the morphological analysis is done to observe the internal structure of the tested composite. It is observed that hybrid composite has high strength with minimum contribution of kevlar fibers.

Boopathy govindarajan

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently made recommendations for treating all Human Immunodeficency Virus (HIV/AIDS) patients irrespective of their immune status. This issue poses challenges to lower-middle-income countries like Nigeria due to resource limitations. This study performed a budget impact analysis (BIA) of different strategies for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among individuals living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. A dynamic cohort budget impact model was used to compare two initiation arms (CD4 < 350> 500 cells/ml), with CD4 > 500 cells/ml representing the 2015 WHO guidelines for initiation of ART. Outcomes were hospitalization costs, new infection transmission, and overall budget impact. Key inputs included HIV prevalence in Nigeria, ART access and costs, hospitalization rates and costs, ART uptake trends, and transmission rates. Sensitivity analysis empolyed Monte Carlo simulations to assess the impact of selected parameters. At the end of year five, applying the 2015 WHO guidelines reduced new HIV transmissions by 87.0%, preventing 77,000 infections. Hospitalization cost reductions saved $1.12 million. Overall budget impacts were $718 million for immediate initiation versus $903 million for deferred initiation, yielding $184 million in savings. Monte Carlo simulations showed reduced transmission as the main driver of savings. Prioritizing early treatment initiation espoused by the 2015 WHO guidelines maximize resource efficiency, reduces long-term healthcare costs, and accelerate progress toward epidemic control targets. The findings strongly support the adoption and sustained implementation of the 2015 WHO guidelines for immediate ART initiation. It has public health and economic benefits.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Abstract---In contemporary society, most females are deprived of proper education, healthcare, job opportunities, etc., to uphold family customs, patriarchal dominance, and occasionally negligence towards the feminine gender. According to researchers, gender inequalities in health care, especially in eye care, are evident between accessing the care and getting treatment in developing countries. Therefore, we aim to measure the gender-wise eye-care follow-up regularity in accessing long-term glaucoma consultation among various age groups with a sample size of 564 in Delhi-NCR, India. The age groups (in years) are 15-29 (Group I), 30-44 (Group II), 45-59 (Group III), 60-74 (Group IV), and 75 and above (Group V). Groups I to V show, intragroup males have higher odds of getting regular eyecare by 20% (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.413 to 3.4871), 2.08% (OR 1.0208, 95% CI 0.4637 to 2.2472), 3.4% (OR 1.034, 95% CI 0.6369 to 1.6787), 8.46% (OR 1.0846, 95% CI 0.6783 to 1.7344), and 45.83% (OR 1.4583, 95% CI 0.4575 to 4.6484) respectively. The probable causes of gender-wise irregularity are lack of seriousness, financial limitations, dependency, loneliness due to widowhood, etc. To make eye-care services equally accessible to everyone, healthcare agencies should first take various progressive policies to overcome gender-wise socio-economic barriers.

Dr. ashwani kumar ghai

Creative tourism has been stimulated as new form of tourism by more skilled forms of tourism activities, by the growth of new consumption patterns, and by changes in the production of tourism products. It can solve that problems experienced by tourists in the conventional tourism. Creativity has many definitions and that based on the function of creativity, it was historically related to creative person, but the recent research in creativity focused on creative product. However, creativity can be located in four areas, and they are: creative person, creative product, creative process, and creative environment. Creativity means “the production of novel and useful ideas in any domain”, which refers to the generation of ideas. Today, creativity becomes as a strategy that promoting individual skill development and innovation, this strategy has been followed by many cities and regions around the world in order to obtain the growth throughout commodification, knowledge development, globalization and increasing competition. Creativity can play a significant role in the mainstream tourism experiences that can be added to the places’ atmosphere, creativity is considered as an attractive policy for stimulating other creative activities and outcomes of social, economic and cultural through spilling knowledge and networking. Indeed, creativity can impact tourism in many ways such as: tourism itself as a creative area, tourism products, skills development and performance development. Thus, the important role of creativity in tourism has been incarcerated in many trends

Mukhles m. al-ababneh

In this intelligent transportation systems era, traffic congestion analysis in terms of vehicle detection followed by tracking their speed is gaining tremendous attention due to its complicated intrinsic ingredients. Specifically, in the existing literature, vehicle detection on highway roads are studied extensively while, to the best of our knowledge the identification and tracking of heavy-construction vehicles such as rollers are not yet fully explored. More specifically, heavy- construction vehicles such as road rollers, trenchers and bulldozers significantly aggravate the congestion in urban roads during peak hours because of their deadly slow movement rates accompanied by their occupation of majority of road portions. Due to these reasons, promising frameworks are very much important, which can identify the heavy-construction vehicles moving in urban traffic-prone roads so that appropriate congestion evaluation strategies can be adopted to monitor traffic situations. To solve these issues, this article proposes a new deep-learning based detection framework, which employs Single Shot Detector (SSD)-based object detection system consisting of CNNs. The experimental evaluations extensively carried out on three different datasets including the benchmark ones MIO-TCD localization dataset, clearly demonstrate the enhanced performance of the proposed detection framework in terms of confidence scores and time efficiency when compared to the existing techniques.

Sreelatha r

Background and Objectives: The Bayelsa Health Insurance Scheme (BHIS) is a state-designed social security plan in which enrollees benefit from a shared pool of cash based on premiums paid by participants. The study aimed to assess the self-reported effectiveness, service utilization, level of satisfaction, and barriers among beneficiaries, and proffer solutions to improve the scheme. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire. This questionnaire assesses the BHIS impact in Kolokuma/Opokuma LGA through six sections capturing demographics, service utilization, satisfaction, financial implications, access barriers, and improvement solutions using standardized scales and matrices, preceded by informed consent. Data was analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Results: The major barriers to service utilization were constant unavailability of claimed services at accredited facilities (90.1%) excessive waiting time (76.4%), late/non-referral to specialized centers (67.5), rigid BHIS protocols (63.1%), insufficient insurance coverage (55.2%), complex billing systems (50.7%), and shortage of BHIS staff (50.0%). Conclusions: Possible solutions include the training and retraining of staff and service providers, providing subsidies for couples who are both government employees, initiating adequate supervision, monitoring, and feedback mechanisms, rapid referral protocols, and integrating and encouraging the establishment of health equity funds.

Karishma