Lack of development of adequate social skills of special need students results in many disruptive behavior and poor academic gains. School setting is also an indicator of rise in academics and learning of social skills. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the social skills development and educational outcomes of special need students attending special and inclusive settings. Only 110 visually impaired students (60 from special and 50 form inclusive school setting) represent as special need children who participated as sample of the study. Data were collected from 5 Special Schools for Visually Impaired and 5 Inclusive Schools located in Delhi and NCR. Hindi Version of the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters: Self-rating form (MESSY) by Sharma (2000) was used to assess social skills development and to measure the educational outcome, aggregate percentage marks obtained by the students in their previous year‟s annual examination were collected from the records of the schools. Hypotheses formulated for this study were verified by applying appropriate statistical techniques- Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test. Significant differences found in the development of social skills and educational gains of the special need children in special vs. inclusive settings. Inclusive setting, to a great extent provides conducive learning environment and platform to develop social skills. Results of the study recommend implications for special and normal children, teachers and administrators.

Rubul kalita

Higher Education has an important role in the task of rebuilding a nation and it pavCes the way for overall development of a nation. The twentieth century has witnessed several revolutions like Green revolution, White revolution, I.T revolution, so on and so forth, taking human civilization to new heights. At the start of 21st century, we gave a lot of importance given to higher education. Every country realized the value of higher education and the benefits that accrue from it. “The social demands for higher education continue to increase. The inabilities of the state to support this growing demand result in new financing arrangements for higher education. The recent reforms in this area could be broadly divided into two categories: the privatization of public institutions and the establishment of private institutions of higher education. Privatization implies the application of market principles in the operation of public institutions, while ownership rests within the public domain. Promotion of the private sector implies the growth and expansion of the non-state sector in higher education, and very often this sector does not rely on state funding for its growth and expansion. Both of these measures have paved the way for market operations in higher education

Dr gedam kamalakar

Wilsons disease is a rare inherited disorder which is characterized by impaired copper excretion which leads to excessive deposition of copper in many tissues and organs like brain, liver, and eye. This is also characterized by Kaiser-Fleischer ring, low serum ceruloplasmin levels and elevated urinary copper excretion [1]. A 26year male patient came to the neurology department with chief complaints of involuntary tremors of both hands and difficulty in walking in the last one month associated with swaying to one side in the last 20 days. On examination the patient is having Kaiser-Fleisher ring positive and upon further investigation Magnetic resonance imaging brain was performed which revealed the features in favor of Wilson’s disease. And for this condition the patient is treated with chelating agents and benzodiazepines.

Dr venkata rama rao nallani

The present review shares updated data on the botany, distribution, traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. All provided information was obtained through Google Scholar, Pubmed, SciFinder, Scirus, Web of Science and a library search.

Dr. salman ahmed

Cleome brachycarpa Vahl . and Cleome viscosa L. were evaluated for anti-emetic activity in the copper sulfate-induced chick emesis model. Emesis was induced by copper sulfate (50 mg/kg), and the methanolic extracts of leaves were tested orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg. Chlorpromazine (150mg/kg orally) was used as standard anti-emetic drug. The anti-emetic activity was determined by calculating the mean decrease in the number of retching as compared with the control. Cleome brachycarpa and Cleome viscosa showed comparable anti-emetic activity with chlorpromazine.Cleome brachycarpa Vahl ., and Cleome viscosa L., leaves extract in a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight., reduced the numbers of retches by 57.57% and 43.06%. Cleome brachycarpa significantly (**P<0.005) reduced the number of retches. The group of chicks treated with chlorpromazine had 45 retches compared to the 71 retches of the control group, thus chlorpromazine reduced the retches by 36.99%. From the results, it is clear that Cleome brachycarpa Vahl. and Cleome viscosa L. leaves extracts have antiemetic potential and are comparable with standard chlorpromazine. Although the result is significant the mode of action is not known. Antiemetic activity by using copper sulfate proposed 5-HT3, 5-HT4, or NK1 receptor antagonism. Therefore, the extracts effectively prevented its effect and had a peripheral anti-emetic action. As mentioned earlier, triterpenoids such as brachycarpone, deacetoxybrachycarpone, cabralealactone and ursolic acid are reported from Cleome brachycarpa6, whereas flavonoids are reported from Cleome viscosa. Flavonoids and triterpenoids possess anti-emetic properties18. So, if flavonoids and triterpenoids are present in the studied extracts, the observed anti-emetic effects may be due to flavonoids and triterpenoids. The present study is on the preliminary level, and further investigation is required to confirm the anti-emetic effect of Cleome brachycarpa Vahl ., and Cleome viscosa L. leaves and determine the compounds responsible for this activity with their possible mode of action.

Dr. salman ahmed

Corporate social responsibility is a self-equipped business approach that helps an organization be socially responsible to its stakeholders and the overall public. Through the practice of CSR, companies are conscious and aware of the impacts they have on all aspects of society, including economic, social, and environmental (Goel and Ramanathan, 2014, p. 51). A case study scenario, in this case, is of StanBed Tours Ky, the impact of CSR on consumer loyalty, stating that the increase of CSR has resulted in the society's satisfaction with the business (Bediako, 2017, p. 1). CSR influences the people affected by it in various intensities and means. Such as, employees, who are part of the major stakeholders, are significantly affected by the organization's corporate social responsibility activities in marketing, which shape their logic, inspiration and lead to deeper commitments to achieving organizational goals and strategic plans (Makasi et al., 2014, p. 2600). Additionally, CSR investments in marketing significantly impact external shareholders such as consumers and the organization's image (Kaman, 2015, p. 7). CSR activities carried out by StanBed include tree planting exercises to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions resulting from flying airplanes, voluntary beach cleaning services to protect marine life, and providing educational services to children in the community of tours.

Zamzam abdelazim

We pose various congruences on the integers of form 6^n+1,n∈Z_+, which may encourage younger number theorists to research number theory and settle new dimensions in this field. We observed that there are only three prime numbers, namely 7,37, and 1297 of form 6^n+1,n∈Z_+, and no one Fermat numbers attains this form. Moreover, these integers end with 7, like Fermat numbers F_n,n≥2. Also, we discussed some congruences with number theoretic functions σ,φ and Möbious function μ.

Rajiv kumar

Epithelial cells, lining the skin and internal organs, play a crucial role as protective barriers and regulators of substance transport. Traditionally, these cells were not considered to employ electrical signaling for communication. However, recent investigations have unveiled that epithelial cells generate slow electrical signals, termed the "silent scream," in response to injury, thus challenging conventional views of intercellular communication. A recent experimental investigation provided compelling evidence for this phenomenon, demonstrating the ability of these cells to transmit electrical signals over considerable distances within the epithelium. The research utilized microelectrode array chips to precisely detect subtle electrical events in keratinocytes and Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, revealing spiking activity characterized by slow propagation speeds, distinct from the rapid action potentials of neurons. The mechanisms underlying this novel signaling are explored, focusing on the involvement of mechanosensitive ion channels, calcium signaling, and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release. Calcium ions, well-established intracellular messengers, appear to play a central role in this biological phenomenon. Integrating this newly discovered communication mode into the existing understanding of skin cell biology reveals a more intricate picture of how skin senses and responds to its environment. The implications of this finding extend to various facets of skin physiology and pathology, including wound healing, inflammation, and skin aging. In wound healing, where endogenous electric fields guide cell migration and promote repair, this unique type of electrical signaling potentially plays a crucial part. Furthermore, aberrant electrical signaling might contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions, and age-related changes in this signaling could underlie the functional decline observed in aged skin. The potential for other environmental stressors to trigger the epithelial-generated electric signals also warrants investigation. The exploration concludes by discussing potential technological applications, such as bioelectric sensors and enhanced wound healing therapies, and future research directions aimed at further elucidating the molecular mechanisms and functional roles of this non-excitable cell electrophysiology.

Karishma

Araucaria columnaris is one of the ornamental plants of all over the world. It is commonly known as Christmas tree. In the present study tree exudates – resin from the bark of the Araucaria columnaris belonging to the family Araucariaceae were investigated for phytochemical and antibacterial activity. The resin was separately extracted with different solvents based on its polarity, water, methanol, ethyl acetate and benzene. The extracts were screened for phyto-chemical analysis, the result shows that methanolic extract involved in extraction of large number of phytochemicals when compared with other extracts and subjected to antibacterial assay against major human pathogens. Methanolic extract act as good inhibitory agent against major microorganisms. This finding revealed that methanolic resin extract of Araucaria columnaris had significant potential for the control of dreadful diseases causing human pathogens.

Dr. saranya devi k

Recently, novel materials like gas-sensing metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, and modified mixed metal oxides have attracted great attention owing to their key roles in monitoring environmental pollution, security in hospitals, homes, and public places, and hazardous emissions from industries and automobile exhaust. Initially, the mechanochemical (MCh) method was employed for the synthesis of the CuMnO3 catalyst and then the modification of CuMnO3 through the hydrothermal route. These synthesized catalysts were characterized by Ultraviolet Violet-Diffused Reflectance (UV-DRS) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The average particle size obtained for 3 % Fe/CuMnO3 was found to be 14–28 nm. The present work proclaimed that among all the synthesized 1,3,5 % Fe/CuMnO3 materials, the 3 % Fe modified CuMnO3 material shows significant gas sensing properties towards highly toxic H2S gas released from sewage plants, oil, and natural gas industries, among NH3, CO2, H2S, H2, CO2 and Cl2 with moderate temperature requirements and excellent selectivity.

Shilpa sangle

The exponential growth of biomedical literature presents both an unprecedented opportunity and a significant challenge for medical professionals and students. Conducting a thorough yet efficient literature review is a fundamental skill, essential for evidence-based practice (EBP), research, education, and scholarly writing. However, navigating this vast information landscape effectively remains a common hurdle. This review aims to provide a comprehensive, step-by-step guide to conducting efficient and rigorous literature reviews tailored to the needs of medical professionals and students. It focuses on practical strategies, critical appraisal techniques, synthesis methods, and leveraging technology to optimize the process while maintaining scientific integrity. A narrative review methodology was employed, synthesizing established principles and methods from evidence-based medicine, information science, and academic writing. Key sources include guidelines from major medical libraries, EBP resources, and authoritative texts on research methodology and critical appraisal. The review outlines a structured approach encompassing: defining a focused question using frameworks like Participants; Intervention/Exposure; Comparison; and Outcome (PICO/PECO); developing and executing a systematic search strategy across multiple databases; efficient screening and selection of relevant literature; critical appraisal of study quality and relevance; effective synthesis of findings (narrative, thematic, or tabular); clear and concise writing; and strategies for maintaining currency. Emphasis is placed on leveraging technology (reference managers, databases, and AI tools) cautiously and avoiding common pitfalls, such as scope creep and uncritical acceptance of findings. A life-long experience that the academic writer learns through life, and yet may fall into them easily. An efficient literature review is not merely about speed, but about systematic rigor, critical thinking, and strategic use of resources. By adopting the structured, technology-enhanced, and critically appraised approach outlined, medical professionals and students can navigate the literature effectively, saving valuable time while producing high-quality, evidence-informed outputs for clinical practice, research, and education.

Karishma

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is caused by the shortening of the median nerves in the wrist, resulting in hand pain and paralysis necessitating surgical operation for relief. Conventional open carpal tunnel release (CTR) procedures, involving long incisions, often lead to complications, delaying patients' recovery for weeks or months. Therefore, mini-incision surgery has emerged as a preferred option, offering reduced pain, smaller wounds, and improved appearance. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of modified mini-incision surgery for CTS before and after the operation. It was a retrospective study involving 80 patients, with data collected from medical records pre-and post-operation, specifically at the 2 nd week, 3 rd month, 6 th month, 12 th month, and 24 th month intervals. Variables included operation time, incision length, pinch strength, gripping strength, two-point discrimination (2-PD), visual analogue scale (VAS), Levine score, quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (Quick-DASH), wound pain, and pillar pain. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, with a significant level of 0.05. The mean incision length was 11.54 mm. At the 2-week post-operative mark, the pinch strength was 5.43, gripping strength was 14.96, 2-PD was 5.84, the VAS score was 2.86, the Levine symptom was 3.84, and the DASH score was 69.43. There was a relationship (p-value<0.05) between preoperative and postoperative measures for pinch strength, gripping strength, 2-PD, and Levine symptom condition. The study on 80 patients who underwent modified mini-incision surgery for CTS at Naresuan University Hospital in Phitsanulok, Thailand, found that these parameters showed significant improvement postoperatively. Patients demonstrated good recovery and condition 2 weeks after the mini-incision surgery for CTS.

Saran malisorn

Introduction: The prevalence of oral hygiene behaviors (OHB) is very low among school children in Ethiopia. However, the determinants of student's readiness/intention to perform those behaviors have been remained unstudied. Objective: This study aimed to identify the determinants of oral hygiene behavioral intention (OHBI) among preparatory school students based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Methods and materials: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 393 students. A 98-item self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate oral hygiene knowledge (OHK), oral hygiene behavior (OHB), and OHBI based on TPB variables [attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC)]. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling analysis (SEM) were employed to confirm relationships and associations among study variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval were used to declare statistical significance. Results: A total of 393 students were participated with a response rate of 97.5%. The mean age of the participants (54% females) was 18 (± 1.3) with an age range of 16 to 24. The TPB model was well fitted to the data and explained 66% of the variance in intention. ATT (β = 0.38; 95% CI, (0.21, 0.64)), SN (β = 0.33; 95% CI, (0.05, 0.83)) and PBC (β = 0.29; 95% CI, (0.13, 0.64)) were significant predictors of OHBI, where ATT was the strongest predictor of OHBI. Conclusion: The TPB model explained a large variance in the intention of students to improve their OHB. All TPB variables were significantly and positively linked to stronger intent, as the theory suggests. Furthermore, these results suggest that the model could provide a framework for oral hygiene promotion interventions in the study area. Indeed, these interventions should focus on changing the attitudes of students towards OHB, creation of positive social pressure, and enabling students to control OHB barriers.

Kegnie shitu

Production process in the manufacturing industries has proven wasteful of the resources in the production process over time. integrating of lean principles in the manufacturing activities has brought notable success in a complex and slow production process in an industry. This study aims at integrating of lean principles to a product development process to eliminate break down cases as it makes the process easy as well as speeding up the product development in an automotive industry. Three major phases are applied in product development namely; the early concept phase, middle core design and the launch phase. An exceptional definition of products development of lean principles are applied to come up with an analysis framework. Through interviews, observations, documentation and experience barriers that causes large number of wastes can be established. Lean principles will then be applied to eliminate such causes in the product development and then derive conclusion that shows the industry the process of lean in product development in the entire process

Levi p. cheworei

This chapter delves into the emergence of restorative justice in the 1960s, rooted in the conflict resolution methods of indigenous communities in the United States and Canada. Contrasting sharply with traditional criminal justice, restorative justice places disputing parties at the forefront, enabling offenders to confess their guilt directly to victims through dialogue, aiming to repair harm and achieve satisfaction and social reintegration. This chapter illuminates restorative justice's concept, origins, characteristics, principles, and differences from conventional justice. It explores victim-offender mediation, highlighting its advantages, and examines restorative justice practices in Egypt, including the criminal reconciliation system and police mediation. This chapter raises key questions about these practices and their application in the Arab context, offering insights into a field yet to gain widespread recognition in the region. Employing an analytical descriptive approach, it relies on legal references to deepen understanding and development.

Prof. ramy el-kady

Background: Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is the second most common nerve entrapment syndrome of the upper extremity after carpal tunnel syndrome. In situ decompression (ISD) and ulnar nerve transposition (UNT) are the major surgery methods in practice for the treatment of CuTS. However, controversies exist over the efficacy and safety of these methods. Aim: The objective of the study was to compare the short- and long-term clinical outcomes in patients treated with ISD and UNT surgery. Method: This was a retrospective study comprising 56 patients who underwent either ISD or UNT at Naresuan University Hospital between January 2013 and December 2022. Data on age, sex, hand involved, duration of the surgery, duration of the symptoms including the clinical outcomes such as elbow range of motion (ROM), quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (QuickDASH), McGowan grade (MGG), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain scores, motor and sensory conduction velocity (MCV1, MCV2, and SCV), and Tinel's sign were collected during the two-week, one-month, three-month, and six-month follow-ups post-surgery. Results: Of the 56 patients in the study, 62.5% were female. The number of patients aged <60 years was higher in both groups. The mean age of patients in the ISD group was 49.07±6.13 years, while in the UNT group, it was 51.5±7.04 years. After one month, 53.57% and 32.14% of the patients recovered to MGG 1 in the ISD and UNT groups, respectively. The majority of the patients had MGG 1 six months after the surgery. The QuickDASH score and pain scores of the patients improved during all follow-ups, but no statistical significance was revealed when the two techniques were compared. Conclusion: The study found that both the ISD and UNT were efficient and safe in treating CuTS. Further study with the inclusion of parameters such as revision surgery and complications would be vital.

Saran malisorn

In this review work, we have extracted the essential details from prior patents about the synthesis of popular drug Lamotrigine. This initiative will provide a platform for the global researchers to invent new or innovate over the existing synthetic routes to isolate Lamotrigine with good yield and purity. The details of patents were sourced from “Google patents” search tool and the process specific details were elaborated with reaction schemes. In this context, twenty-four reactions schemes were tabulated for the better understanding of the disclosed ventures. The entire chronological exfoliation of details on the synthesis of Lamotrigine provides a clear evolutional vision of its synthetic flourish towards drug commercialization.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Indoor thermal comfort and air quality are essential for occupant well-being, while simultaneously optimizing energy consumption in buildings. Achieving a balance between these factors presents a significant challenge, as indoor environments are dynamic and energy demands fluctuate. By modifying ventilation rates in response to real-time data, demand-controlled ventilation systems can reduce energy consumption and enhance indoor comfort and air quality. However, optimizing these systems with advanced predictive models remains a complex task. To address this challenge, this publication proposes a Dual-Stream Multi-Dependency Graph Neural Network (DMGNN)-based energy-efficient ventilation management technique that maximizes indoor air quality and thermal comfort. The suggested method seeks to enhance thermal comfort and air quality by maximizing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) operations while reducing energy consumption. Initially data are collected from an Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Dataset. The DMGNN is employed to capture the complex dependencies between environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentrations, considering both temporal and spatial relationships. Implementing the proposed system and evaluating it through simulations in various building environments demonstrates notable improvements in thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and energy economy. The suggested system’s performance is contrasted with that of other current methods, showing superior energy efficiency and optimization of both indoor air quality and occupant comfort. This study presents an innovative, scalable framework for smart building management, promoting sustainable energy solutions.

Dr h shaheen

Currently, vehicle to vehicle communication is an important application and thrust area of research. In this paper the author highlighted the workings, executions, implementations and the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in transport management and vehicle to vehicle communication systems. The main advantage of this Industry 4.0 based IoT technology is that it helps us to reduce road traffic and accidents. The limitations of GPS like accuracy, precision, effective analysis, etc. has led to the evolution of Mobile based V2V communication which is more effective, error proof, result oriented and smart. For proper analysis of traffic vehicle to vehicle communication is established. Random Data from vehicles taken by numerous sensors. Any car coming in its variety could effortlessly share the data by either of two cars nearby. With the help of vehicle to vehicle communication we can provide a path of emergency vehicles to reach the destination quickly. Based on the V2V application, Red and Green signals can be marked on the path as per traffic density and the emergency vehicle can take the shortest, fastest and low density route. Similar such examples are elaborated in the current research manuscript that will help the researcher in effectively finding the research gap for further advancement, analysis, innovation and optimization.

Vartika agarwal

Crude methanol extracts of the leaves of Adenanthera pavonina L., Peltoforum roxburghii L, Prosopis cineraria L., and Prosopis juliflora DC., were evaluated for anti-emetic activity. Emesis was induced by the oral administration of copper sulphate 50mg/kg body weight to male chicks of four days age. The anti-emetic activity was determined by calculating the mean decrease in number of retching in contrast with those of control. All extracts (150 mg / kg body weight orally) showed anti-emetic activity when compared with standard drug Chlorpromazine at the same dose. Among all the extracts, Prosopis juliflora showed the highest (73.64%) and Adenanthera pavonina showed the lowest (50.17%) anti-emetic activity

Dr. salman ahmed