Plants a wealth of secondary metabolites have been used for thousands of years to treat different ailments. A number of these natural products have shown biological and pharmacological activities and serve as the starting point in the development of modern medicines. Screening of crude plant extracts open the door for the way for discovery of novel bioactive compounds and elucidation of their structures leads towards new synthetic preparations, which can be administered in reproducible, accurate doses for particular therapeutic purposes. There is less known information about Samanea saman Merr., and Prosopis cineraria Druce. However, authors in this book present comprehensive information about traditional uses, biological and phytochemical investigation of Samanea saman Merr., and Prosopis cineraria Druce.

Dr. salman ahmed

Urolithiasis is a common worldwide problem with high recurrence. This review covers Euphorbiaceae twenty (20), Cucurbitaceae eighteen (18), Acanthaceae and Amaranthaceae fifteen (15), Cupressaceae twelve (12), Caryophyllaceae eleven (11), Anacardiaceae ten (10), Amaryllidaceae, Apocynaceae and Asparagaceae nine (09), Ericaceae and Equisetaceae eight (08), Arecaceae and Caesalpiniaceae seven (07), Chenopodiaceae six (06), Aspleniaceae, Capparidaceae and Crassulaceae five (05) plants used globally in different countries. Hopefully, this review will not only be useful for the general public but also attract the scientific world for antiurolithiatic drug discovery.

Dr. salman ahmed

Living with epilepsy, its unpredictable seizures, and its comorbid conditions present many challenges over the time. Continued educational efforts can play a key role in helping people learn to live with epilepsy and understand epileptic medications over the life span. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of pharmacist-initiated education on patients with epilepsy. Prospective and observational pilot study to evaluate the impact of educational interventions during February and March, 2019 was conducted. A total of seven patients with epilepsy was included in this study. They received ordinary consultation care in National Centre of Epilepsy at Ali Omar Askar Hospital in Tripoli, Libya. Knowledge assessment questionnaire was assessed initially and patients were subjected to pharmacist-initiated education and they have given follow up reporting card. A follow up for one month has continuously been done and final evaluation included: knowledge assessment questionnaire, adverse drug reactions and epileptic attacks reporting. All the patients completed the pre and post education questionnaire. There was no significant difference between the patients’ knowledge before and after interventional questionnaire except for only two patients which is statistically significant (P=0.03) and (P=0.02) whose knowledge was significantly enhanced by post education. Thus, there are a lot of opportunities and challenges for pharmacists to play a role in epileptic care and education as patients with epilepsy are not knowledgeable about their illness regardless of age, educational background or duration of epilepsy. This role must be highly enforced and implemented in patients with epilepsy.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The present study shows the pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies on the flowers of Cordia sebestena. L. belongs to the family Boraginaceae. C. sebestena L. is found primarily in tropical and subtropical regions of the American, Asian and African continents. Though it is an essential plant, no pharmacognostic work has been found on its parts, such as flowers. Various organoleptic characters were recorded by macroscopic study. A microscopic study of the flowers was also conducted, which shows the presence of fibres, calcium oxalate crystals and multiple types of trichomes, along with fluorescence analysis. The present study also deals with the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of C. sebestena L. FT-IR spectra revealed the presence of C-H, C=C, C-N, C-O and aromatic groups. The chemical composition of the hexane extract of the flowers of C. sebestena L. was detected through GC-MS, and the spectrum achieved through GC-MS was correlated with the database of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) which comprise more than 62000 outlines of the mass spectrum. GC-MS analysis of n-hexane extract showed the existence of Retinoic acid, lupeol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and hexadecanoic acid, along with fatty acids, esters, alkaloids and alcohols. These pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies can be valuable in providing reliable proof of the quality of the plant, which can benefit health professionals and herbal medicine manufacturers.

Dr. salman ahmed

In this report, Tesco PLC's operation and project management have been fully elaborated on. Tesco PLC is a retail organization that deals with retailing and other related activities in insurance service and retail banking (REUTERS, 2020). Tesco is multinational general merchandise and groceries with headquarters at Welwyn Garden City in England. Based on gross revenue rating, Tesco is the third-largest retailer in the world. Tesco was created by Jack Cohen in 1919 in Hackney, London as a set of markets stalls. Tesco developed and expanded very fast in the whole world and above 100 Tesco shops in the entire Facebook. Tesco has segments in ROI and the UK that is; central Europe (Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic), the Republic of Ireland, and the United Kingdom which do similar activities to those done in Tesco bank in the United Kingdom (Bedford, 2022). Tesco avails different personal banking packages (services and products) that include personal loans, personal current accounts, and credit card receivables. Tesco's businesses are therefore Tesco Hungary, Tesco UK, Tesco Czech Republic, Tesco Slovakia, Tesco Ireland, Dunnhumby, and Tesco Bank.

Zamzam abdelazim

The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of thermal processing treatments on nutrient and antinutrient contents of African yam bean seed flours. The African yam bean seeds were sorted, cleaned and divided into five equal lots of one kilogram each. Four lots were processed into boiled, blanched, roasted and autoclaved African yam bean flours, while the last lot was processed raw and used as control. The flour samples obtained were analysed for proximate, mineral, vitamin and antinutrient contents using standard methods. The proximate composition of the samples revealed that the flours had a range of 6.14-11.24% moisture, 8.18-14.37% crude protein, 3.06-4.61% fat, 2.04–3.32% ash, 3.18–3.56% crude fibre, 62.90–76.98% carbohydrate and 350.57–368.50 kJ/100g energy, respectively. The mineral composition of the samples showed that the flours contained 128.81–174.16 mg/100g calcium, 88.86–212.20 mg/100g, potassium, 134.71–166.77 mg/100g phosphorus, 89.17 – 122.76 mg/100g, magnesium, 14.28–18-11 mg/100g iron and 3.24–5.59 mg/100g zinc, respectively. The vitamin composition of the flours were 1.15–1.37 mg/100g ascorbic acid, 1.15–135 mg/100g thiamine, 1.19–1.55 mg/100g niacin, 1.34–1.85 mg/100g riboflavin, 1.09–1.29 mg/100g folic acid, 1.37–1.95 mg /100g vitamin A and 1.27–1.66 mg/100g vitamin E, respectively. The results showed that the roasted and autoclaved African yam bean flours generally had higher crude protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, mineral and vitamin contents than the boiled and blanched flour samples compared to the raw sample. The antinutrient composition of the flours also showed that the levels of trypsin inhibitor activity, tannin, phytate, oxalate, saponin and haemagglutinin of the samples were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by boiling, autoclaving roasting and blanching treatments compared to the raw sample. However, the study revealed that the processed African yam bean flours have the potentials to be used as nutrient dense ingredients in the preparation of a wide range of food products than the raw sample especially in both underdeveloped and developing countries where the problems of protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrients deficiencies are prevalent.

Okechukwu obed chukwuemeka

The dominant sequence transduction models are based on complex recurrent or convolutional neural networks that include an encoder and a decoder. The best-performing models also connect the encoder and decoder through an attention mechanism. We propose a new simple network architecture, the Transformer, based solely on attention mechanisms, dispensing with recurrence and convolutions entirely. Experiments on two machine translation tasks show these models to be superior in quality while being more parallelizable and requiring significantly less time to train. Our model achieves 28.4 BLEU on the WMT 2014 Englishto-German translation task, improving over the existing best results, including ensembles, by over 2 BLEU. On the WMT 2014 English-to-French translation task, our model establishes a new single-model state-of-the-art BLEU score of 41.0 after training for 3.5 days on eight GPUs, a small fraction of the training costs of the best models from the literature.

Kamal singh

Emesis, also known as nausea and vomiting, are common symptoms associated with ingestion of toxicants, drug side effects, advanced terminal diseases such as cancer and postoperative procedures. Emesis is mediated through the coordinated action of central and peripheral regulatory centres that involve receptors including dopamine Type 2, serotonin, muscarinic cholinergic, histamine, cannabinoids and NK-1 receptors. Many anti-emetic drugs targeting these receptors are currently in use, but they also cause undesirable side effects such as excessive sedation, hypotension, dry mouth, dysphoria, hallucinations and extrapyramidal signs. This review highlights the pharmacological mechanism of emesis, current antiemetic drugs, and a detailed analysis of in vitro and in vivo anti-emetic bioassay models. The pharmacology of crude natural products extracts and purified anti-emetic compounds (cannabinoids, chalcones, diarylheptanoids, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, lignans, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides, saponins, terpenes and glycosidic derivatives) are also systematically presented with their mechanism of action. The potential of natural products as sources of new clinically proven anti-emetic drugs is discussed.

Dr. salman ahmed

Monkeypox, an infectious disease caused by the Orthopoxvirus, was identified in humans in 1970. It has recently emerged as a global health concern due to outbreaks beyond its endemic regions in Central and West Africa. This review examines the current state of medical treatments for monkeypox as of 2024, focusing on antiviral agents, immunotherapies, and supportive care measures. Monkeypox manifests with symptoms including fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy, with severe cases more common in immunocompromised individuals. Antiviral therapies such as tecovirimat and brincidofovir are central to treatment strategies, with tecovirimat demonstrating efficacy in alleviating symptoms and reducing viral shedding. Emerging treatment strategies involve novel lipid-based formulations and combination therapies that integrate antivirals with immune-modulating agents. Supportive care remains essential, involving analgesics and antibiotics for secondary infections, while the MVA-BN vaccine plays a critical role in prevention. Research emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of viral pathogenesis and host immune responses to improve therapeutic and preventive measures. Despite significant advancements, challenges remain, including potential antiviral resistance, disparities in healthcare access, and the necessity for enhanced diagnostic and surveillance capabilities. This review highlights the imperative for ongoing research, international collaboration, and investment in healthcare infrastructure to advance the management and prevention of monkeypox and to prepare for future outbreaks.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Compliance with pharmacological therapy is the primary key to treating diabetes, but it has not received full attention from clinicians. Several systematic reviews of compliance factors have been conducted in several regions of the country. However, it does not feature studies from Indonesia. This study aims to systematically review the factors that can influence adherence to diabetes mellitus (DM) medication in Indonesia. A systematic literature review was conducted by searching the National (Garuda and Sinta) and International (PubMed and Science Direct) journal databases. Research that met the inclusion criteria was published from January 2011 to December 2020. The quality of the study was assessed using the SQAT guidelines. The research reporting method uses the PRISMA guidelines. Compliance factors are classified based on the domain of compliance factors, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). A total of 370 scientific research articles from the Garuda database (n=36); Science Direct (n = 108); PubMed (n = 18); Sinta (n= 208). Three hundred forty-one research articles were excluded, 29 full-text screening articles, and 16 research articles met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Factors that influence adherence to taking diabetes medication are social and economic (income, education level, and occupation), factors of personnel and health systems (health workers), factors of patient therapy (amount of diabetes medication, frequency of taking medication, and drug products), factors patient's disease (blood sugar levels, disease duration), patient factors (gender, emotional factors, social support, level of knowledge, and treatment satisfaction), and disease management factors (pharmacy counseling and education). Factors that influence adherence to taking DM medication in Indonesia are very diverse and are multi-factor. These factors can serve as relevant intervention targets. Clinicians must consider adjusting the frequency of taking medication and providing social support to DM patients.

Much ilham novalisa aji wibowo

It is virtually impossible to mention the phrase ‘project management’ without introducing the concept of risk management. As Hillson (2016, p.11) states, “risks [are] particularly relevant to projects” suggesting that effective management of risk is an integral ingredient for project success. The close link that exists between projects and risks may be deduced by the definition of the word ‘project’. In simple terms, projects refer to unique endeavours undertaken with the aim of achieving desired outcomes. These endeavours typically specific start and completion dates, and involve resource, time and cost constraints. These characteristics imply that projects are intended to deliver identifiable benefits to the organisation; these benefits, however, are not enjoyed immediately even if the project is completed. On the contrary, projects commonly create capabilities that call for operation or utilisation for the actual gains to be generated (Hillson, 2016 p.11). The interpretation of this is that projects have a risk element in that they contain a potential reward and possibility of loss. For this reason, project managers must be well-versed with risk management.

Mohamed sorogy

In olden days in most of the family male members were meant for earning income to the family where as the female members looked after the house works. In most of the family it was followed. After some time it was felt that if the female members are involved in some works other than the family affairs it would be the support extended by them to their spouse and family members. Therefore, in some family the female members were allowed to work in some industries and agriculture. Most of the women members supported to the family members the work or job involved by the male members of the family. Being India a country having more than 65 percent of its population are residing in rural areas. They depend only on agriculture and allied industries of agriculture. Due to the failure of rainfall and problems of insects and the monsoon nowadays the farmer could not earn even the amount incurred by them to cultivate the produces. But the necessity of the family is going on increasing day by day. Further, the prices of the domestic utilities are also increasing like anything. It is very difficult to run the family with single earning. Therefore, it is necessary for both the male and female members in the family to bring income to meet their requirements. In urban areas, there is more number of industries, which provide employment opportunities to both of the gender. However, if consider the position of the village women, they do not have much awareness on industrial work. Further, they have only limited literacy knowledge, which paved them to engage only in agriculture labour, which further made them weak in their financial position, as there is only limited scope for income in the agriculture work. Hence, most of the family in the rural parts of the country led a very poor life, which worsens the younger generation particularly in education. To minimize the unemployment problems in the rural areas and to generate the income to the family in the rural parts, the central government introduced Micro Finance to encourage the rural public to generate income to their family by way of doing small business or involved in some self-employment activities. As a part of the development of women in the rural areas, Self-help groups were established in the year 1993-94 in Uthrapradesh. But the evolution of SHGs commenced in 1990s. Micro finance plays vital role in the empowerment of women particularly in the village areas by providing financial assistance through self-help groups in the local areas since 1990. Andhra Pradesh government emphasizes more on the development of women through Self-help groups. The banks are given direction to provide more volume loan to the self-help groups. More number of self help groups was established in all villages. NGOs and government create awareness among all women in the rural areas to form self-group even for each line and street in all villages of Andhra Pradesh. We happened to see number of SHGs is being established and functioning well. The self-help group members are involved in various activities like running a canteen, manufacturing pickles and handy crafts and cloth items, etc. The local banks are adopting the particular villages for providing loan to self-help groups. Though the Micro finance extends maximum support to the development of women and the self help groups, the members in self-help groups have different views about micro finance and face many issues in getting the loan and the repayment of the loan. In many occasions, the members in self-help groups are compelled by family members not to involve in SHGs activities because of various reasons. In some of the SHGs the income level of the members is very low when compared with the income from other SHGs. What are the actual causes? What is the role of micro finance in empowerment of women? To know all these reasons a thorough study is to be undertaken.

Dr tatayya bommali

This is a non-inclusive collection of my published articles.

Mostafa eissa

E-learning is the latest buzz word since the spread of Information Technology (IT). In a Country like India, a lot of jobs are being generated through IT. E-learning has contributed to this learning curve of the candidates. The students are still more familiar with the traditional mode of teaching which offline mode. Some have accepted both. The reach of online mode of learning needs to be assessed. This paper tries to find the learning preference of students in Kerala. Also certain factors that contribute to the preference of online learning has also been identified. Covid-19 has impacted the education sector in a big way. As we look into the future, the relevance of online learning has increased but the offline mode which was the traditional mode of learning and teaching, has not lost its place among this Information Technology era

Dr.ranjith somasundaran chakkambath

Cancer is one of the most extreme medical conditions in both developing and developed countries around the world, causing millions of deaths each year. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are critical treatment approaches, but both have numerous adverse health effects. Furthermore, the resistance of cancerous cells to anticancer medication leads to treatment failure. The rising burden of cancer overall requires novel, efficacious treatment modalities. Natural medications offer feasible alternative options against malignancy in contrast to western medicines. Furanocoumarins’ defensive and restorative impacts have been observed in leukemia, glioma, breast, lung, renal, liver, colon, cervical, ovarian, and prostate malignancies. Experimental findings have shown that furanocoumarins activate multiple signalling pathways, leading to apoptosis, autophagy, antioxidant, antimetastatic, and cell cycle arrest in malignant cells. Additionally, furanocoumarins have been shown to have chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic synergistic potential when used in combination with other anticancer drugs. Here, we address different pathways which are activated by furanocoumarins and their therapeutic efficacy in various tumors. Ideally, this review will trigger interest in furanocoumarins and their potential efficacy and safety as cancer-lessening agents.

Dr. salman ahmed

Marine algae have been known and utilized since the ancient era. It is the source of chemical compounds mainly useful as a food for their richness in protein, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. Physiologically active compounds also have a great potential to play an important role in cosmetics, medicine and pharmaceutical aid. In this review, the information provided will play an essential role in future medicinal and cosmeceutical production.

Dr. salman ahmed

Introduction Ataque de nervios (ADN) is a cultural syndrome prevalent in Puerto Ricans characterized as an episode of intense emotional upset due to overwhelming stress. Methods The Ataque de Nervios Questionnaire , developed at the Center for the Study and Treatment for Fear and Anxiety (CETMA), served as the diagnostic tool for this retrospective secondary data analysis. We evaluated three models regarding ADN’s function as a marker of (1) sociodemographic vulnerability, (2) health history risk, and (3) psychological vulnerability. This last model was subdivided to assess the scores of screening tests regarding anxiety (Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), affect (Beck Depression Inventory, Emotional Dysregulation Scale, Positive and Negative Affective Schedule), personality (NEO Five-Factor Inventory), and trauma (considering the responses to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Life Event Checklist). Results Our study sample had a total of 121 Puerto Rican adult patients from CETMA out of which 75% had ADN. We differentiated subjects according to their ADN status with t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests and evaluated our models using logistic regressions. People with ADN showed more anxiety, depressive symptoms, emotional dysregulation, and negative affect than those without ADN. They also revealed lower positive affect and agreeableness. Highly extraverted but minimally agreeable personalities related to ADN. Living with a partner and being employed were risk factors for ADN. Having higher educational levels showed the strongest effect size: it greatly reduced the odds of an ataque . Discussion These characteristics suggest a distinct profile of ADN seen in employed, educated, adult Puerto Ricans living on the Island experiencing anxiety. Our study provides clinical tools to comprehend our patients’ ADN experience, enriching our practice as culturally competent health providers.

Alisha m subervi vázquez

Background Worldwide, breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently discovered tumor in women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a helpful screening method that gives women more control over their bodies by educating them about the structures of their breasts and assisting in the early detection of any developing breast abnormalities. The purpose of this research was to assess Palestinian girls' degree of BSE awareness and practice. Method A self-administered questionnaire was used to gauge participants' knowledge about BC and associated topics. Through an online survey, all girls above the age of 20 are encouraged to take part in the study. Female university students at academic levels I, II, III, and IV in Palestine were also invited to participate in the study by way of an online survey. Results The study included 467 female participants, with 69% of the individuals being single. The majority of females (68.7%) scored poorly on knowledge of BC disease (possible risk, methods of detection, methods of diagnosis, methods of treatment, signs and symptoms, information about mammography, and other knowledge questions), whereas only 31.7% scored well. Conclusion BC, which is thought to be the most common malignant development among them and the second leading cause of cancer mortality, is one of the issues that women in the West Bank face. Screening methods are crucial for the early detection of BC and for lowering disease-related morbidity and mortality. It has been advised that starting at age 20, every woman should take the BSE.

Mohamad banat

Inclusive education (IE) is a new approach towards educating the children with disability and learning difficulties with that of normal ones within the same classroom. It seeks to address the learning needs of all children with a specific focus on those who are vulnerable to marginalization and exclusion. It implies all learners – with or without disabilities being able to learn together through access to common schools and community educational setting with an appropriate network of support services. This is possible only in flexible education system that includes the needs of different types of learners and adapts itself to meet their needs. Inclusive Education addresses the diverse needs of all learners by reducing barriers inside schools. It is a process of strengthening the capacity of the education system to reach out to all learners. This educational approach provides all students greater opportunities for academic and social achievement. This includes opportunities to participate in the full range of social, recreational, arts, sports, music, day care and afterschool care, extra-curricular, faith based, and all other activities. Inclusive education argues that all children irrespective of the nature and degree of disability should be educated in general schools with non-disabled children. The schools and classrooms operate on the idea that, with right amount of support, students with disabilities can be as competent as students without disabilities.

Kamal singh

Corona virus pandemic has swept a major section of the world population. In terms of infectivity it�s higher than any pandemic in the recent past. Corona virus, a member of the family Coronaviridae, spread from bat to human through an intermediate host pangolin. It has lower mortality rate than the previous pandemics in last 100 years such as Spanish Flu(1918-20),Asian Flu (1957-58), SARS Corona virus (SARS-Cov) (2003), H1N1 Swine Flu Pandemic(2009-10), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) (2012), West African Ebola (2014-16) etc. Research shows Covid spike attaches ACE2 receptor; it leads to a release of cytokine into the blood capillaries near the alveoli and may ultimately turn into pneumonia. The alveoli get collapsed leading ARDF. The pulmonary inflammation proceeds to systemic inflammation that causes multiple organ failure. Drug like Chloroquine, Lopinavir/ritonavir, and Remdesivir may halt the spread of the virus in the body. Antipyretic is prescribed to reduce the temperature. This article comprises of detail mechanism of the dreadful disease along with its diagnosis and proposed treatment. This exploratory study mainly designed to generate awareness and provide information to the individuals who want to know the A to Z of Covid in nutshell. This article may create a pathway to number of upcoming scientific researches and may attract them to work on this field to enhance the probability of inventing appropriate vaccine and medicine to fight against this contagious disease and to win the battle against this Global Pandemic.

Dipa mitra