In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that approximately 4.2 million premature deaths world wide were attributable to exposure to particulate matter 2.5 μm (PM2.5). This study assessed the environmental burden of disease attributable to PM2.5 at the national level in Malaysia. We estimated the population-weighted exposure level (PWEL) of PM10 concentrations in Malaysia for 2000, 2008, and 2013 using aerosol optical density (AOD) data from publicly available remote sensing satellite data (MODIS Terra). The PWEL was then converted to PM2.5 using Malaysia's WHO ambient air conversion factor. We used AirQ+ 2.0 software to calculate all-cause (natural), ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer (LC), and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) excess deaths from the National Burden of Disease data for 2000, 2008 and 2013. The averagePWELs for annual PM2.5 for 2000, 2008, and 2013 were 22 μg m-3, 18 μg m-3 and 24 μg m-3, respectively. Using the WHO 2005 Air Quality Guideline cut-off point of PM2.5 of 10 μg m-3, the estimated excess deaths for 2000, 2008, and 2013 from all-cause (natural) mortality were between 5893 and 9781 (95 % CI: 3347–12,791), COPD was between 164 and 957 (95 % CI: 95–1411), lung cancer was between 109 and 307 (95 % CI: 63–437), IHD was between 3 and 163 deaths, according to age groups (95 % CI: 2–394) and stroke was between 6 and 155 deaths, ac-cording to age groups (95 % CI: 3–261). An increase in estimated health endpoints was associated with increased estimated PWEL PM2.5 for 2013 compared to 2000 and 2008. Adhering the ambient PM2.5 level to the Malaysian AirQuality Standard IT-2 would reduce the national health endpoints mortality

Mohamad iqbal mazeli

Background: As Bangladesh has gained the reputation of improving the health sectors, much health related sites still require improvements. Community clinic services (CCS) may contribute to this sector with its foremost importance. So this study was conducted to investigate the utilization and health services provision by community clinics (CCs) in rural area. Methods: A descriptive longitudinal study was conducted among three community clinics of Jashore and a structured questionnaire was developed on which most of the questions were developed to find out the contributions of these community clinics. Here for data analysis we used SPSS version 25.0 software. Results: Here we analyzed health service related data from three randomly selected community clinics (CCs). We found an average of 15 patients got antenatal care every month by the Komlapur CC throughout the year. About 140 patients received health services per month from Dogachiya CC. About 634 children were benefited by Saziyali CC throughout the year. By this study we came to know that average 67-75 patients were provided iron supplementations each month by Saziyali CC. All of the CCs had active referral system and online reporting system. Conclusion: From our study we came to know that majority % of rural people are now dependent on community health care services. But most of the community clinics have many limitations regarding infrastructure, training, medicines, financial etc. So the government should take necessary steps regarding this.

Arafat hassan razon

Cancer is one of the most severe medical conditions in the world, causing millions of deaths each year. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are critical treatment approaches, but both have numerous adverse health effects. Furthermore, the resistance of cancerous cells to anticancer medication leads to treatment failure. The rising burden of cancer requires novel, efficacious treatment modalities. Natural remedies offer feasible alternative options against malignancy in contrast to available synthetic medication. Selective killing of cancer cells is privileged mainstream in cancer treatment, and targeted therapy represents the new tool with the potential to pursue this aim. The discovery of innovative therapies targeting essential components of DNA damage signalling and repair pathways, such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related Checkpoint kinase 1 (ATR-CHK1), has offered a possibility of significant therapeutic improvement in oncology. The activation and inhibition of this pathway account for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity, respectively. Targeting this pathway can also aid in overcoming the resistance of conventional chemo- or radiotherapy. This review enlightens the anticancer role of natural products by ATR-CHK1 activation and inhibition. Additionally, these compounds have been shown to have chemotherapeutic synergistic potential when used in combination with other anticancer drugs. Ideally, this review will trigger interest in natural products targeting ATR-CHK1 and their potential efficacy and safety as cancer-lessening agents.

Dr. salman ahmed

The market for tertiary educational institutions, most especially for private universities, is highly competitive. The competitive nature of the market requires that Private Universities (PUs) step up their performance so as to remain competitive despite the major structural and market differences between them and public universities in the provision of tertiary education. The need for private universities to remain competitive in this turbulent market, calls for some careful examination of the factors that would enable private universities to enhance their performance. In this respect, this study sought to examine the effects of management competence, firm-level institutions, and human resource management (HRM) bundles on the performance of private universities in Ghana. Underpinned by the RBV and AMO theories, the study tested four hypotheses that sought to explain the relationships between the key variables of the study. The study was implemented using a quantitative research design. Out of the sixteen private universities sampled, thirteen private universities responded. The main research instrument was a structured questionnaire. Out of 230 questionnaires administered, 127 completed questionnaires were received and used for analysis. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (regression analysis) with the aid of SPSS software version 20 and AMOS version 23. Research findings from the tests of hypotheses established that management competence positively and significantly affected performance of private universities in Ghana. Though the study found that the composite variables of firm-level institutions and HRM bundles did not moderate the relationship between management competence and PU performance, the skills bundles (which is a component of the HRM bundles) significantly moderated the management competence – PU performance relationship in such a way that at high levels of skills bundle, management competence influences PU performance more than at low levels of skills bundle. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that PUs in Ghana institute competence acquisition and utilization policies, maintain appropriate firm-level institutions and HRM bundles and match these to their competence development strategies.

Cyril domeyelle dery

Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. (Papilionaceae) is commonly known as Horse gram and Kulthi. The seeds are reported as anthelmintic, diaphoretic, diuretic and emmenagogue. It is also useful for asthma, bronchitis, and urolithiasis. The present study evaluated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects of the methanol extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum seeds in 200 and 400mg/kg doses. Significant results were obtained in all activities.

Dr. salman ahmed

Creativity is regarded as one of the most complex of human behaviors. It can be influenced by a wide array of social, developmental and educational experience that leads to creativity in different ways in a variety of fields (Runco & Sakamoto, 1999). Opinions about the origin of creativity vary, and none of them explains the creative process completely. Creativity can be seen as the following: a divine quality, serendipitous activity, ‘planned luck’, endurance and ‘method’ (Cook, 1998a: p.6). Petrowski (2000: p.305) stated that “creativity research belongs to the baby-boom generation, beginning in earnest when Guilford directed the American Psychological Association in his 1950 presidential address to focus on this important but neglected area”. The existence of creativity as a modern term emerged from the results of the pioneering efforts of Guilford (1950) and Torrance (1962, 1974). Guilford and Torrance were psychometric theorists and they attempted to measure creativity from a psychometric viewpoint (Sternberg, 2006).

Mukhles m. al-ababneh

Introduction: Loco-regional anesthesia role is increasingly important in surgery, especially in postoperative pain control. Using ultrasound-guided techniques has made the loco-regional approach increasingly safe and manageable, guaranteeing excellent analgesic results and patient compliance. This bibliometric research aimed to identify the most influential papers on the adductor canal blocks and outline their characteristics. Methods: All articles published from 1980 to 2022 were included in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases and found using the keywords “Adductor canal block” or “Saphenous nerve block” or “Peripheral nerve block” or “Hunter canal block” or “Subsartorial canal block” or “ACB” or “Knee” or “TKR” or “TKA” or “Analgesia” or “Arthroplasty” or “Replacement” in the title section had bibliometric analysis performed. The first 25 papers were selected and analyzed by the number of citations. The correlation between numerical variables was evaluated using the Pearson Correlation coefficient. Results: Literature screening found 252 publications. One hundred ten were only about the adductor canal block. Of these, 25 articles were selected for our bibliometric study, published in 8 different journals and with a total number of citations equal to 1.457. “Regional Anesthesia and pain medicine” journal – with 9 articles – was the one that produced the most. There was a significant strong correlation between the n. of citations and the citation rate (R = 0.84, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The purpose of this study is to be a guide on regional anesthesia and, particularly, on adductor canal block, making the most effective as well as the most cited articles available to anesthesiologists or other researchers interested in this topic.

Dario cirillo

Lakes are characterized by dynamic responses to ecological and limnologic disturbances that occur within a constrained timeframe. Some endorheic lakes in the Kenyan Rift valley are presently regarded as environmental hotspots because of complex changes that are revealed through multiple proxies; changing lake levels and surface area, turbidity and sedimentation, and the proliferation of macrophytes, and loss of aquatic biodiversity. Lake Baringo is characterized by widespread catchment degradation accompanied by high levels of turbidity during erratic and decline of the native fishery based on Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis. A careful analysis implicates potential natural factors such as catchment topography and increasing anthropogenic pressure as the main causes of lake ecosystem degradation. This paper recommends several strategies for restoration of Lake Baringo based on an integrated multi-faceted approach that combines catchment rehabilitation, pollution control, and provision of alternative livelihoods such as agriculture to the riparian communities

Omweno job

Abstract Background: Hansen’s disease is a chronic infectious disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations. The clinical diagnosis must be confirmed by histopathological and bacteriological studies in order to adequately manage the condition and prevent drug resistance. Aim: To perform a clinico-histopathological correlation of skin lesions in all patients with a clinical suspicion of Hansen’s disease. Materials and methods: A retrospective, hospital based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore. Skin biopsies of all suspected cases of Hansen’s disease received over a period of three and a half years were included in the study. Haematoxylin and eosin, Fite-Faraco stained sections of all cases were reviewed. The cases were classified according to Ridley–Jopling classification into TT, BT, BB, I, BL, and LL. Clinical details of the patient, including type and site of lesion were obtained from the patient’s medical records. Clinico-histopathological correlation was done for all the cases. In addition, wherever available, the corresponding slit-skin smears were also included. Results: A total of 76 cases were clinically diagnosed as Hansen’s disease. Clinico- histopathological correlation was seen in 33/76 cases (43.42%). The most common histological subtype of Hansen’s was Borderline Tuberculoid (BT) - 24/76 cases (31.58%). Maximum agreement was seen in Mid-borderline leprosy (92.11%). Fite Faraco stain was positive in 21 out of 76 cases. Slit skin smears were available for 55 cases and positive in 20 cases. Conclusion: Due to clinical and morphological overlap, it is imperative to correlate the clinical, histopathological and bacteriological index results in order to accurately subtype the categories in Hansen’s disease.

Archana

Background and Objectives: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains a public health issue in Nigeria. The rapid diagnosis of PTB is essential for the early initiation of treatment and management of patients. The utility of the BACTEC MGIT 960 TB system was evaluated and compared with the Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) culture method for the recovery of Mycobacteria from sputum samples. Methods: A total of 2400 sputum samples submitted to the South East TB Zonal Reference Laboratory, Amachara Umuahia, Nigeria were tested. Samples were decontaminated using the standard N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Sodium Hydroxide method and concentrated before processing. The processed samples were inoculated into both MGIT 960 tubes and LJ medium and incubated accordingly. Results: From all sputum samples, Mycobacteria were recovered from 201 (8.4%) sputum samples by the MGIT 960 system and 175 (7.3%) by LJ culture (p=0.014). The sensitivity for MGIT and LJ culture for mycobacteria were 95.0% and 80.1%, respectively. Among the 201 MGIT-positive cultures, 127 (63.2%) were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and 74 (36.8%) as Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT). The recovery rate of MTBC from LJ-positive samples was 84.0% and MOTT 16.0%. MGIT 960 identified more MOTT than LJ culture (p=0.045). The contamination rate associated with MGIT and LJ culture was 4.1% and 2.5%, respectively (p=0.037). The time to detection of mycobacteria in MGIT 960 and LJ was 14.8 days and 33.2 days, respectively. Conclusion: MGIT 960 has good diagnostic accuracy. It provided a more rapid and higher recovery of all mycobacteria than the LJ culture.

Karishma

The current COVID-19 is now endemic on everycontinent and becomes the most challenging outbreaks over centuries, thus millions of people have been infected with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and have contributed to the deaths of more than two millionpeople. Researchers are working continuously to develop safe and effective vaccines that people have started receiving since December 2020. Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are the most important countermeasure to the COVID-19 pandemic taking into considerationthat vaccines induce a robust immune response

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Business nowadays has no boundaries of time, place, or information, so any firm must evaluate its performance regularly to ensure long-term viability. This study aims to determine the impact of employees’ motivation and job training on company performance in a family business called PT Anugrah Mandiri. It is an automotive spare parts distribution company in Medan, Indonesia established in 2010. As a family business run by many family members, PT Anugrah Mandiri tends to undervalue the importance of providing motivation and delivering practical training to its employees. This results in most employees being overwhelmed, and the business performance is decreasing. As this study's quantitative research method shows, motivated and skilled employees are the keys to a successful firm. The instruments used to collect data are questionnaires about employees’ motivation, job training, and company performance, and then processed using SPSS. Saturation sampling is used as the sampling method by administering the questionnaires to 50 employees of PT Anugrah Mandiri. The data analysis tool in this study is a multiple linear regression by carrying out a classic assumption test continued by testing the partial hypothesis or t-test, the simultaneous hypothesis test or the F test, and the calculation of the coefficient of determination. The statistical result shows that company performance increases by 0.422 and 0.384 when employees’ motivation and job training increase by 1 unit. All hypotheses in this research are accepted, and it can be concluded that employees’ motivation and job training influence company performance.

L

The Internal Medicine Residency Program at Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–International (ACGME-I). Upon completion, residents are awarded both the Arab Board and Qatari Board certifications. This four-year program involves rotations across general internal medicine and its subspecialties in both inpatient and outpatient settings. This article aims to analyze the teaching theories and methods observed during internal medicine residency training. An essential benefit of learning theories is the ability to articulate educational plans and objectives more precisely. Furthermore, integrating theory into practice strengthens improvement programs and facilitates their evaluation. [1] The following sections describe and analyze the educational process as experienced throughout the residency program from resident perspective.

Karishma

Personnel Department is the predominant component of HRD unit of North Eastern Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NEKRTC), though HRD has been identified and designated as a separate Department. Basically the existing Personnel Department is qualified to be called HR Department OR even a better name would be Human Resources Management Department, since it would correctly reflect the comprehensive and all inclusive nature of the functions of the existing Personnel Department, which covers all features of Human Resources Management, namely Forecast of requirement of Human Resources, Planning for Recruitment, In-service care Co-ordination, Control and Regulation as also Retirement and all matters related to Personnel Administration. It should be its function to plan for training appropriately along with recruitment of personnel from all the Departments. The present Human Resource Development. Is ill-equipped and does not have the comprehension of concept and perception of HRD.

Dr.kailaspathi vishwakarma

Background: Gestational hypertension (GHTN) is defined as a new rise in blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg, presenting at 20 weeks gestation without significant proteinuria. Worldwide, 4.4%-15% of all pregnancies are complicated by HTN. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of GHTN among pregnant women in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria with a view to improving and strengthening antenatal services in the State to help reduce the proportion of maternal mortality and fetal outcomes attributable to GHTN and reduce the overall prevalence of HTN in the country. Methods: Records of BP, biodata and laboratory investigations (urinalysis, full blood count) of women who attended antenatal clinics in six selected state hospitals (2006-2015) were examined. Data were analyzed as proportions, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson product moment correlations using Maxstat (version 3.60) statistical software. Results: The overall incidence of GHTN was 5.9% with annual fluctuations with peaks in 2010 and 2014. There were significant differences in incidence among the age groups (<20>35 years) (p<0 p=0.0016).>35 years) and GHTN (r=0.932, p=0.0069). Between parity and GHTN, there was also positive, strong and significant correlation (r=0.813, p=0.0491). Conclusions: With an incidence of GHTN at 5.9%, there is need to improve and sustain adequate antenatal services in order to help reduce the proportion of the country’s maternal mortality attributable to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Emmanuel umegbolu

Education in India is losing its relevance. This seems much more applicable to the situation in the present day of legal education. This essay aims to focus on two aspects of legal education. Whilst, on one hand, it aims to provide details of the existing legal education system on the other, it aims to drive more attention to the various improvements and developments that are needed. The essay firstly shall describe the existing legal education system. It shall analyze and assess the curricula that are available for the various undergraduate law degrees available in India. It aims to provide an understanding of the perceived distinctions between the three-year law degree and the five-year law degree. As a second aspect, the essay aims to explore options to further the quality of legal education in India by considering examples of various law schools or colleges of law across the world that have consistently proven themselves as a cut-above not legal education and research in their global scale. Also, from the learnings of the gaps in the curricula of the law degrees as discussed previously, the essay shall provide suggestions on the various plausible collaborations with foreign law schools and universities for the benefit of the Indian law schools and colleges of law. As a third and final aspect, as a measure to curb fake or bogus law schools or colleges of law within India and to enhance the employability of law graduates in India at par with those across the globe, the essay aims to provide suggestions applicable for the present-day legal education scenario.

Hari hara sudhan r

To the editor, Somalia’s healthcare system, already burdened by decades of conflict and instability, continues to face immense challenges in access, equity, and governance. In this fragile setting, integrating bioethics into healthcare reform offers not only a moral compass but also a practical strategy for rebuilding trust and guiding policy decisions. Bioethical principles such as justice, autonomy, and non-maleficence are essential in fragile states where the absence of clear ethical standards has historically led to disjointed care and poor health outcomes. [1–3]

Karishma

The Group of Twenty (G20) has emerged as a pivotal forum for international cooperation, bringing together leaders from the world's major economies to address pressing global challenges. In this paper, we analyse the priorities of G20 leadership in fostering consensus and advancing collective action on key issues facing the global community. Drawing upon recent declarations, communiqués, and policy statements, we identify and examine the core areas of focus for G20 members, exploring both common ground and divergent perspectives. Our analysis reveals several recurring themes that underscore the G20's commitment to promoting economic stability, sustainable development, and inclusive growth. Addressing climate change and environmental sustainability emerges as a top priority, reflecting growing recognition of the urgent need for concerted action to mitigate the impacts of climate change and transition to a low-carbon economy. Additionally, enhancing global health resilience and strengthening pandemic preparedness feature prominently on the agenda, as demonstrated by recent efforts to coordinate responses to the COVID-19 crisis and bolster health systems worldwide. Furthermore, the G20 remains committed to advancing trade and investment liberalization, promoting financial regulatory reform, and fostering innovation and digital transformation to drive economic recovery and prosperity. However, divergent views on issues such as trade imbalances, protectionism, and technology governance persist, posing challenges to consensus building and cooperation among member states.

Dr gedam kamalakar

The “Green AI Revolution” distils a paradigm-shifting methodology for creating machine learning solutions for the design and enhancement of ecologically sustainable communication networks. To address sustainability concerns in communication infrastructures, this study presents a comprehensive architecture that emphasises the integration of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. With the fitting moniker “Green AI”, the suggested model aims to improve overall resource efficiency in communication networks while minimising energy usage and carbon footprints. The goal of Green AI is to transform conventional communication systems by utilising sophisticated algorithms, dynamic optimisation, and intelligent decision-making techniques. Higher energy efficiency, less of an impact on the environment, and better network performance are the main goals. The present study examines the fundamental elements of the Green AI architecture, encompassing intelligent routing, dynamic power management, and adaptive power distribution of resources. Furthermore, case studies and simulations highlight the real advantages of incorporating machine learning into communication networks, highlighting the technology’s potential to make a substantial contribution to a future that is more environmentally friendly and sustainable. The Green AI Revolution is a paradigm shift in the way we think about and use communication technology. It encourages innovation that is in line with environmental stewardship and technical progress.

Mrutyunjaya s yalawar

Object: In the competitive world of the market economy, every economic unit tries organizing everyday activities. Creating a set of suitable and cost-efficient organizational structures and making competitive products and services, top managers should find the mechanisms of building alternative ways of organizational structures. Methods: This paper presents the traditional and modern management structures, their historical steps, and developed methods. In this footfall of the market economy, companies in developing countries should build their management system’s organizational structure. They should advance a management system, managerial behaviours, and new management styles of developed ones. For this purpose in this research has learned organizational structures of developed companies. The investigation discusses the emergence, formation, and modern appearance of management structures that evaluate organizational structures’ importance in enterprises and companies’ activities, using vivid examples. Findings: Then, it has shown some forms of developed organizational structures of companies with the assessment of their highest role in management. In the conclusions and recommendations, we offer our approaches to solving existing organizational problems using the historical period of development to this day.

Ikboljon odashev mashrabjonovich