Inlet valve in an engine tends to be subjected to immense thermal loads besides chemical corrosion. Opening and closing of inlet valve practically could be in the order of 2000 times per 1.6 km. In the mean time of engine working cycle, seat insert of the inlet valve is the surface, against which an intake valve seats. Conventional engine valves are provided with a curved angle for its seating position, but for this study, the same is proposed to be positioned at a tapered angle. This tapered position as converted into radius in order to permit rich air at the inlet and reduce exhaust emission. This study is to investigate the nature of the future redesigned Scooping valve for a 1.25L 4-cylinder Petrol engine with VTVT (Variable Timing and Valve Train) under combined mechanical and thermal loading cycle by feeding the input conditions for this study after NX-CAD modelling in ANSYS 10.0 software and the numerical results thus obtained are recorded for future valve design considerations.

Boopathy govindarajan

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is caused by an external physical force which may result in altered level of consciousness with or without impairment of cognitive and physical functions in individuals. It is neither congenital nor degenerative in nature. The impairments can be permanent with partial or total functional disabilities or psychosocial maladjustment. The Intensive rehabilitation with multiple health disciplinary teams can improve a certain extent of physical and cognitive aspects of brain injury patients. Case Report: In this case report we are presenting a 19 year old boy diagnosed as diffuse axonal injury with Glasgow coma scale (GCS ) Score of 4/15 (E1M2V1) at the time of incident has come to our department after 8 months with no head control, no cognitive and no voluntary attempts to do functional activity. The main objective of management is to improve mobility, communication, perception and cognitive functions with minimum period of time by working as a health team. Conclusion: After 14 months post incident with intense rehabilitation of six months his GCS score is improved with scoring of 13/15 (E4M6V3). The improvement seen may be partly attributed to the coordinated work of the team members who meet in the case conference every two weeks to review & revise the treatment protocol. Such that common and individual goals are shared and total therapy time is managed, to incorporate all goals by team members

Nagarjuna narayanasetti

Abstract- The role of support vector machine in the evaluation of English teaching effect is very important, but there is a problem of inaccurate evaluation of results. The traditional English teaching mode cannot solve the accuracy and efficiency of the effect evaluation of students' English teaching and cannot meet the requirements of English teaching effect evaluation. Therefore, this paper proposes a neural network algorithm to innovate and optimize the analysis of support vector machines. Firstly, the relevant theories are used to construct a multi-index English teaching effect evaluation system with teachers and students as the main body, and the indicators are divided according to the data requirements of English teaching effect evaluation indicators to reduce the support vector machine in the interfering factor. Then, the neural network algorithm is used to solve the optimal solution of kernel function parameters and regularization parameters of the support vector machine, and the support vector machine scheme is formed, and the support vector machine results are carried out Comprehensive analysis. MATLAB simulation shows that the evaluation accuracy of the English teaching effect of the neural network algorithm and the support vector machine under certain evaluation criteria Optimal, short evaluation time.

Lokesh n s

Medicinal plants are the gift of nature and play an important role as a part of our diet to maintain health. They also serve as a versatile weapon to combat several diseases. Every civilization has its own experience and knowledge of the therapeutic uses of plants. The belief and observations regarding traditionally used medicinal plants increase people's interest in using them against urolithiasis. Urolithiasis is a common problem that has been afflicted for centuries and has a high recurrence. Of the world's population, about 12% suffer from urolithiasis. All over the world, in different countries and cultures, people use plants to prevent and cure kidney stones according to their ethnopharmacological information. These formulations are very effective. That's why they have been used for hundreds of years. This review covers the eighty (80) medicinal plants of the most cited family Asteraceae against urolithiasis and their historical antiurolithiatc background shared in well-known books of Dioscorides, Pliny the Elder, Al Razi and Ibn Sina. This information was extracted to compose antiurolithiatic plants with their parts and formulations used in 21 countries such as Algeria, America, Australia, China, India, Iran, Italy, Jordan, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippine, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey and Uzbekistan. Scientifically proven pharmacological activities of the same part of the plant have direct (litholytic) and direct pharmacological effects like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, astringent, demulcent, diuretic, litholytic, lithotriptic, antiurolithiatic, antispasmodic, ACE inhibition and Phospholipase A2 inhibition also shared as a plausible mechanism of action. The route of administration is oral in all cases. Hopefully, this book will be useful for the general public and attract the scientific world for antiurolithiatic drug discovery. This valuable ethnopharmacological information will provide opportunities for the future research and development of new natural antiurolithiatic compounds.

Dr. salman ahmed

Pod sucking bugs are the key impediments for the low productivity in India. Nymphs and adults of tur pod bug, Clavigralla gibbose (Spinola) suck the cell sap from the pods and cause loss of the grain. Because of its high fecundity and wide host adaptability, it is necessary to check its damage potential. For this purpose, an experiment on bioefficacy of insecticides against this insect was conducted in the laboratory-cum-field conditions on cultivar “Paras” during kharif season 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13. Eight insecticides viz., endosulfan 35EC, monocrotophos 36SL, chlorpyriphos 20EC, quinalphos 25EC, triazophos 40EC, decamethrin 2.8EC, fenvalerate 20EC and cypermethrin 25EC were selected based on their LC50 values against this insect. Among the tested insecticides, cypermethrin proved most toxic (63.94 times) against adults of C. gibbosa followed by decamethrin. Quick knock down effect of decamethrin and fenvalerate was recorded in the field conditions. Therefore, the combinations of decamethrin and quinalphos with DDVP (76 EC) were also tested under field conditions. Cypermethrin, decamethrin plus DDVP, decamethrin and monocrotophos were found effective in managing the C. gibbose population upto 10 days after application. None of the insecticides could manage the bug population below ETL after 14 days of their application. Application of cypermethrin @ 188 mL ha-1 recorded the highest grain yield, highest net monetary returns and highest incremental cost benefit ratio, followed by decamethrin, fenvalerate and monocrotophos. Either of dimethoate or oxydemeton methyl could also manage the bug population

Dr. babu lal jat

The current study is carried out to evaluate the antiemetic activity of methanol extracts of five leguminous plants leaves viz., Cassia siamea Lamk., Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Taubert., Delonix regia Rafin., Samanea saman Merr. and Vigna trilobata Verdc. at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight orally, using a chick emesis model. Emesis was induced in male chicks by the oral administration of copper sulphate (50 mg/Kg body weight). The antiemetic activity was determined by calculating the mean decrease in the number of retching as compare with the control. All the extracts showed antiemetic activity when compared with standard drug chlorpromazine (150 mg/kg body weight orally). Among all extracts, Delonix regia showed the highest (96.74%) and Cassia siamea lowest (18%) antiemetic activity.

Dr. salman ahmed

The present study shows the pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies on the flowers of Cordia sebestena. L. belongs to the family Boraginaceae. C. sebestena L. is found primarily in tropical and subtropical regions of the American, Asian and African continents. Though it is an essential plant, no pharmacognostic work has been found on its parts, such as flowers. Various organoleptic characters were recorded by macroscopic study. A microscopic study of the flowers was also conducted, which shows the presence of fibres, calcium oxalate crystals and multiple types of trichomes, along with fluorescence analysis. The present study also deals with the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of C. sebestena L. FT-IR spectra revealed the presence of C-H, C=C, C-N, C-O and aromatic groups. The chemical composition of the hexane extract of the flowers of C. sebestena L. was detected through GC-MS, and the spectrum achieved through GC-MS was correlated with the database of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) which comprise more than 62000 outlines of the mass spectrum. GC-MS analysis of n-hexane extract showed the existence of Retinoic acid, lupeol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and hexadecanoic acid, along with fatty acids, esters, alkaloids and alcohols. These pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies can be valuable in providing reliable proof of the quality of the plant, which can benefit health professionals and herbal medicine manufacturers.

Dr. salman ahmed

formulation and evaluation of herbal face pace pack

Sumaira taj

The increasing prevalence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in creating content signifies a notable change in the digital communication landscape. While the broader effects on widespread media platforms have been extensively discussed, the specific consequences within specialized online communities remain less explored. These communities, frequently founded and established on shared interests, mutual confidence, and perceived genuineness, are particularly susceptible to alterations in the origin and trustworthiness of content. This paper challenges three questions: (1) How AI content affects credibility perceptions, (2) Verification methods used by communities, (3) Consequences for trust dynamics. A hypothetical framework would be used to investigate the potential impact of AI-produced content on the dynamics of trust and credibility within these focused digital environments. By drawing upon existing academic work in media studies, the behavior of online communities, and the concept of source credibility, a theoretical model and outline a potential research strategy were encouraged to examine how the presence, identification, and interpretation of content authored by AI might modify member interactions, processes for verifying information, and the overall unity of the community. The hypothetical outcome suggests that the subtle integration of AI content could diminish perceived authenticity, complicate established indicators of trust, and potentially lead to the fragmentation or decline of communities that depend on authentic human connection and collective expertise. The article concludes by considering the ramifications for those who manage communities, design platforms, and participate as members, stressing the importance of greater openness and digital literacy in navigating the evolving digital media landscape.

Mostafa eissa

The samples of K1-xNaxNbO3 (X=0.4, 0.2, 0) ceramics (PSN) have been prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method and sintering process. The prepared samples have been characterized by XRD. All the prepared samples show orthorhombic structure at room temperature. Dielectric and Electrical properties of PSN system have been investigated in the temperature range 450C-2450C, and at 1MHz frequency. It is observed that dielectric constant, loss tangent and electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature. Near the transition temperature dielectric constant, loss tangent and electrical conductivity of these samples show anomalous behaviour with temperature.

Manish uniyal

Background:Calcium, the very important mineralhelps in growth and development ofinfants.Calcium helps in building strong bones, teeth,proper functioning of nerves and muscle, blood clot and in activating the enzymes that convert food into energy. Infants and Children are growing new bone all the time, they need continuous supply of calcium to support the healthy growth.Milk is the only food for infants which is richest source of calcium. Some infants are sensitive to lactose in milk because they have Lactose Intolerance. The present study aimsto develop an alternate milk forlactose intolerance infants with finger millet and pearl millet.Method:Traditional methods were used to process the milletswhich help in retaining and increasing the nutritional content in millets.The millet milk was analyzed for calcium content using the ICPMS.The millet milk was supplemented for 6 weeks to albino rats in comparison with cow milk. The tibia weight and length were measured and calcium content in tibia was analyzed. Result:The calcium content of the millet milk was 80mg/100mlwhere as in cow milk it was 120mg/100ml.The mean calcium content of the tibia inalbino rats was15.35±3.50mg/dl fed with millet milkand20.40±3.74mg/dl in rats fed with cow milk.Conclusion: The developed millet milk contain good amount of calcium on par with cow’s milk, it can be used as substitute milk for lactose intolerant infants.

Kimeera ambati

The butanol fraction of the leaves of Castanospermum australe Cunn. & Fraser., was tested on adult Callosobruchus analis (pulse beetle) for its insecticidal activity by impregnation method at concentrations of 3, 9, 48, 240 and 354 μg / cm2. The result showed that the extract is toxic to Callosobruchus analis and the LD50 was found to be 38 µg/cm2. The insecticidal activity of the butanol fraction of Castanospermum australe leaves against adult Callosobruchus analis was determined by impregnation method in five different concentrations and the result so obtained revealed that the extract is toxic against the test insect (pulse beetle). The mortality was lowest (14 %) at 3 µg/cm2 and highest (96 %) at 354 µg/cm2 (Table). The LD50 by log-log graph was found to be 38 µg/cm2. It may be said that the saponins of this plant could be utilized as a natural insecticide that could be an effective alternative for insect pest management.

Dr. salman ahmed

La problématique de l’accès à l’eau potable soulève de nombreux enjeux de développement au regard des impacts qu’elle génère en milieu rural. C’est pourquoi plusieurs organisations internationales œuvrent aux côtés de l’Etat ivoirien afin de garantir un accès durable et sécurisé à cette ressource pour les populations. Cependant, il existe encore des zones en Côte d’Ivoire où les populations continuent de vivre au quotidien des pénuries d’eau potable. C’est le cas de la Sous-Préfecture de Gboguhé où cette problématique entrave considérablement le développement socioéconomique des villages. Partant de ce contexte, cette contribution tente d’analyser les impacts de la pénurie d’eau potable dans cette zone en s’inscrivant dans une perspective socioanthropologique. Pour ce faire, elle se base sur une approche essentiellement qualitative, mobilisant les techniques de revue de littérature, d’entretiens semi-directifs et d’observations directes pour la production de données. L’étude révèle que la pénurie d’eau potable dans la sous-préfecture de Gboguhé est un facteur de vulnérabilité chez les populations locales au regard des impacts sociaux, économiques, sanitaires et territoriaux qu’elle entraîne.

Dr. kabran aristide djane

Medicinal plants and herbal drugs have widely been used in several diseases which contain highly active pharmacological agents. Several previous studies have mounted about the hepatotoxicity of these remedies which ranges from mild enzyme alterations to liver failure in humans and animals. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity profile of the crude methanolic seed extract of Calliandra surinamensis on rat liver functions. An acute toxicity study was carried out using modified Lorke’s method and sub-chronic toxicity was done following the Organisation for Economic Cooperative and Development guidelines with testing chemicals 423 and 407 to assess the effect of the seed extract on liver function alongside histopathology assessment of the liver. The haematological indices revealed no significant change in red blood cells and other haematological parameters. The average organ weight of the tested rats showed no significant differences. The histopathological examinations of the rat liver revealed no observable toxic injury to the tissue after treatment with the seed extract across all concentrations. There were desirable morphological vasoactive changes of dilatation and active congestion in the organ across all the concentrations which were dose-dependent. There was induced activation of the sinusoidal kupffer cells, which signified a boost to the local immune system of the liver. The nucleoli in the hepatocyte nuclei were remarkably conspicuous which implied an increase in the production of ribonucleic acid that is deployed in protein synthesis.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Marketing refers to the actions that elevate customer value by motivating them to purchase the organisation's products or services (Kusumadewi, 2019). An organisation with strong capabilities must exhibit strong marketing capacities to effectively introduce its offerings to new markets (Lee and Falahat, 2019). Marketing strategies are part of an organisation's corporate strategy, which refers to the set of choices an organisation makes to develop and capture value across its business over time. As corporate strategy essentially drives financial performance (Sull et al., 2018), effective marketing strategies must be selected to ensure the organisation's attainment of objectives and long-term success.

Zamzam abdelazim

Algae are used by human beings for food from ancient times, as they contain a wide range of elements. Using inexpensive, in-house bioassays for screening and monitoring of extracts where the aim of these bioassays is to provide a front-line screen that can be followed up by more specific and expensive bioassays. The phytochemical screening, assessment of toxicity and effects on growth parameters of Traticum sativum of ethanol and dichloromethane extracts of five macro-algal species (two green, two brown and one red) collected from Libyan coast were studied. The Brine shrimp lethality assay was conducted to determine the toxic effects of seaweed extracts on Artemia Salina nauplii larvae and this was to provide a front-line screen that can be backed up by specific and expensive bioassays once the active compounds have been isolated. The effect of seaweeds liquid fertilizer on growth parameters of Traticum sativum were examined using in vitro seed germination in petri dishes bioassay. Seed germination percentage, fresh and dry weight, shoots length and roots length were the parameters recorded in young seedlings post germination. Ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts of the five algae samples represented the presence of several chemical constituents. All extracts exhibited LC50 > 1000 μg per ml. In this study, all algal extracts are non-toxic according to Brine shrimp lethality assay so they may be considered as edible seaweeds. Different effects on growth parameters of Traticum sativum suggested the presence of micro-elements, macro-elements and different concentrations of plant growth hormones.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between liquid- ity (LIQ), capital structure (LEV), and fnancial performance (FIP). Additionally, we seek to investigate the indirect efect of liquidity (LIQ) on fnancial performance (FIP) by examining the intermediary role of the capital structure (LEV) of non-fnancial-listed companies in the Vietnamese stock market. This study utilizes PLS-SEM with a robust sample of 644 non-fnancial-listed companies in the Vietnamese stock market. The fndings suggest that liquidity positively infuences fnancial performance but negatively impacts capital structure. Conversely, capital structure negatively afects fnancial performance. Thus, liquidity indirectly enhances fnancial performance through capital structure mediation. This research result can provide suggestions for non-fnancial enterprises in making fnancial decisions to increase fnancial efciency by increasing the holdings of highly liquid assets to prevent risks and take advantage of new investment opportunities in the future. In addition, increasing the holding of highly liquid assets also reduces debt pressure and reduces interest costs, thereby increasing fnancial efciency. Our research shows that the relationship between economic factors is extremely complex; specifcally, our research shows the true nature of the positive impact of liquidity on fnancial performance, including direct positive efects and indirect positive efects through capital structure. In addition, our research results also show that non-fnancial enterprises that want to increase fnancial efciency need to pay attention to revenue growth, and non-fnancial companies with larger total assets (size) will have more advantages in increasing fnancial performance.

Nam nguyen hoang phi

Rice bean (Vigna Umbellata), a traditional crop cultivated across South, Southeast, and East Asia, is characterized by its wild variety spanning the tropical monsoon forest climatic zone. Despite its vast nutritional and production potential, falling within the leguminous family Fabaceae, the rice bean represents one of many underutilized crops. Indigenous to South and Southeast Asian regions, particularly hilly areas, rice bean is cultivated alongside crops like maize, forming an integral part of impoverished farming communities' livelihoods. Despite its extensive utilization in traditional practices, its commercial significance remains largely unrecognized. However, recent attention has been drawn to the rice bean's nutritional richness, bioactive compounds, and various medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic effects. This significant attention underscores its potential for commercialization and contribution to improving the livelihoods of underprivileged populations. Furthermore, its cultivation and processing give rise to diverse products, reflecting its cultural significance and adaptability across different regions.

Dr. salman ahmed

Human resource practices are strategic in nature. They represent a vital guidance system that coordinates with executive business plan. HR practices form the foundation supporting the way of bank’s human capital will operate effectively. This research has estimated the impact of HR practices among the employees working in private sector banks on their productivity in Coimbatore district of Tamilnadu. In this research, the researcher has taken randomly around 125 banking employees working in private sector banks in Coimbatore district. A structured questionnaire has framed and collected their opinion about the HR practices which were practiced in their banks. Their opinion were subdued into tables by using percentage analysis, mean score analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that PG qualified employee whose age between 41 to 50 years have more impact of HR practices and their productivity also high

Dr.n.s.lissy

The main purpose of this research is to know the relationship of liquidity and solvency in profitability of Ultra tech and Shree cements. Cement industry is one of the prime support services in giving work to the general population. In Ultra Tech Cement, return on equity is positively correlated with return on asset, current ratio and quick ratio and negatively correlated with debt equity ratio. In Shree Cements, return on equity is positively correlated with the independent variables. return on asset is negative weak relation with the independent variables. Current ratio is strong correlation with quick ratio and debt equity ratio

Dr. jeyalakshmi p