2-Pyrazolines are well known, and important nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic compounds which belong to the family of azoles and have been found to possess considerable activities, like anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, immunosuppressant and antiamoebic activity. In the present work, ten novel pyrazolines were prepared from chalcones, characterized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using Ciprofloxacin as standard and using DMSO as a solvent. Their activity was evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition in mm. All the compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Among ten derivatives of compounds synthesized, the derivative with 2-chloro and 4-chloro substituted phenyl rings attached to pyrazolines exhibited the highest activity against both types of organisms. The derivatives with an unsubstituted phenyl group attached to pyrazolines exhibited comparatively less activity. Thus it can be concluded that pyrazolines containing substituted phenyl groups are effective broad spectrum antibacterial agents, and they can be developed as effective antibacterial agents.

Vinod b

A burning sensation on eating spicy foods purportedly supports the role of capsaicin, an active component of chili peppers, in the etiology of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Although the mast cell mediators and activated P2X receptors induce a constant burning sensation through an ATP-dependent mechanism, it is the activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV-1) receptor by capsaicin that aggravates it. The molecular basis for the burning pain in OSF is thus attributable to the activation of TRPV1. There is overwhelming evidence that confirms capsaicin has more of a protective role in attenuating fibrosis and is potentially therapeutic in reversing conditions linked to collagen accumulation. The activation of TRPV-1 by capsaicin increases intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), upregulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1), to enrich endothelium-dependent vasodilation via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The induction of vasodilation induces antifibrotic effects by alleviating hypoxia. The antifibrotic effects of capsaicin are mediated through the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, downregulation of inflammatory genes and suppression of new collagen fibril formation. Capsaicin also demonstrates an anticarcinogenic effect by upregulating the cytotoxic T cells and downregulating regulatory T cells through the inhibition of angiogenesis and promotion of apoptosis. Judicious administration of capsaicin with an appropriate delivery mechanism may have therapeutic benefits in reducing pain sensation, rendering antifibrotic effects, and preventing the malignant transformation of OSF. This paper provides an overview of the molecular basis of capsaicin and its therapeutic application as an antifibrotic and anticarcinogenic agent for the treatment of OSF

Mohit sharma

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading reason of death among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Individuals with DM have a two to five time's greater risk of developing CVD than non-DM. Unfortunately, little data exists on Libya's prevalence and characteristics of cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors and to assess their control among patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). All the patients with T2DM who attended the outpatient clinic at National Diabetes Hospital from September 2013 to April 2022 were interviewed and examined and included in this study. Demographical data age, smoking habit, body mass index measure, drug intake, history of previous cardiovascular events, blood pressure and fasting lipid profile were all recorded. 1049 patients have completed the study with a mean age of 54.06 ± 14.5 years old (females represented 68.0% of the studied sample size), there were different duration of diabetes between the studied sample, varying from newly diagnosed patients (n = 265, 25.2%) and above ten years of diabetes duration patients (n = 488, 46.5%). Active smoking in 129 patients (12.3%), the bodyweight of studied patients ranged from 44.0 Kg to 186 Kg (85.65 ± 1.73), 820 of the patients had uncontrolled body weight (78.85%). Uncontrolled blood pressure, even with treatment, was found in 304 patients (29.0%), uncontrolled dyslipidaemia in 45 patients (04.3%), and uncontrolled hyperglycaemia in 816 patients (77.9%). Established CVD was positive in 295 patients (28.2%), maximum age group was in 54 - 74 years (n = 516, 49.3%). The most typical age group with multiple (more than three) CVD risk factors was 54 - 74 years of age, were female patients with more than ten years of history of diabetes, uncontrolled hyperglycemia (HBA1c > 10%), uncontrolled body weight, uncontrolled blood pressure and dyslipidemia. Thus, the present data indicated that Libyan patients with diabetes mellitus have high CVD risk factors. Even in patients with previous events, these uncontrolled risk factors elevate the likelihood of repeated cardiovascular events. Patients with diabetes mellitus necessitate a more aggressive approach to control the modified risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and smoking.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This study aims to examine and compare the levels and patterns of aggressive behavior among higher secondary students in rural, semi-urban, and urban areas. Aggression among adolescents is a significant concern, and understanding its variations across different settings can provide valuable insights for intervention and prevention strategies. The study employs a review-based research design, using articles published between 1993 and 2023 to collect data on aggressive behavior of higher secondary students. For this purpose, a review of the literature was performed by using the search words “aggressive behavior”, “higher secondary students”, “rural”, “semi-urban”, “urban” in the databases like Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia, Shodhganga, PubMed, JSTOR and Elsevier for articles. The results will shed light on the prevalence, types, and potential factors influencing aggression in these areas, informing the development of targeted interventions and policy recommendations and statistical analyses will be employed to examine the relationships between variables. Importance and Scope of the Topic: Aggressive behavior is a topic that affects us all. From playground bullies to road rage enthusiasts, aggressive behavior has a significant impact on our daily lives. Understanding the causes and consequences of aggression is crucial in finding ways to prevent and manage such behavior. After all, the world would be a much better place if we all knew how to calm down and express our frustrations in healthy ways.

Abdul jaleel kuzhiyengal mambra

The Quantum Teaching learning model is a modification of the various interactions that exist in and around the moment in learning. This study aims to find out more about how to apply Quantum Teaching in measuring students' abilities including cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects. This research method uses qualitative research methods with the type of research field research. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. While the data analysis is a qualitative analysis model of Miles and Huberman and Saldana which consists of data collection, data condensation, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are: (1) Implementation of Quantum Teaching in Class V Thematic Learning at MI Mambaul Ulum Kandangrejo cognitive aspects, namely students are able to think more critically and broadly, students are able to do assignments or exercises and can understand learning well, students able to provide questions and answers properly and appropriately. (2) Implementation of Quantum Teaching in Class V Thematic Learning at MI Mambaul Ulum Kandangrejo aspects in the affective aspect, namely: the curiosity of students increases, students become more focused, students' attitudes become more confident and courageous. (3) Implementation of Quantum Teaching in Class V Thematic Learning at MI Mambaul Ulum Kandangrejo psychomotor aspects, namely: students are able to practice well the learning media is provided, students are able to name the names and parts of the circulatory organs, students are able to show the circulatory organs blood using the medium.

Educare: journal of primary education

Over the last few years, Libyan scientists and researchers have investigated most of the native wild plants from various regions of Libya. Since tens of years, research groups from Libyan universities, especially at Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Center, have assessed the native wild plants for their detailed biochemical and pharmacological active composition in order to identify their biologically active compounds with health and therapeutic benefits and economical values. Recent scientific reports stated that several wild Libyan plants carry various bioactive compounds which have a substantial role in treating certain human diseases such as diabetes mellitus, inflammations, microbial infections, cancer, etc

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

A web-based academic advising system was designed to facilitate more accurate advising sessions on campus, as well as provide a complete history of past advising sessions. Advisors may select which courses they wish a student to register in, up to several semesters into the future, as well as leave comments for the student and other campus staff. The system was designed and developed using Relational Data Model (RDM) and Data Flow Diagram (DFD) and was implemented using PHP and MySQL programming languages. The researchers have developed an interactive web-based information system that can help Nigerian universities to facilitate more accurate advising sessions on campus and make important decisions. The developed System can handle errors, updates and modification of data more efficiently and can be accessed anywhere and anytime than the manual methods of academic advising system. This paper describes an Advisement System designed to mitigate the issues of an out-of-the-box implementation in a Nigerian university to help improve retention and graduation. Successful implementation of this research study would enable the main objective of this system to assist Nigerian universities orientation camp in solving the problems associated with the manual method of the academic advising system

Ogala justin onyarin

Hypoglycemia is a common complication of intensive diabetes mellitus therapy. This study was aimed to review the profile of admitted Libyan cases of non-pregnant adults and adolescents. A retrospective study for patients admitted to Tripoli Diabetes Hospital, Tripoli, Libya. Data were collected from medical files of diabetic patients with hypoglycemia from January 2017 to July 2018. Thus, during this period, a total of 29 cases with hypoglycemia were admitted to the hospital. Their age was ranged from 18 to 86 years in which 76.0% were female, 25.0% were non-smokers, 59.0% were married and 55.0% were non-employers. Patients with diabetes mellitus (86%) showed hypoglycemia attack per month of 3.90 ± 2.25. From the 25 cases with diabetes mellitus, 7.0% were newly diagnosed (> one year), 45.0% their duration of diabetes mellitus were more than 9 years and 35.0% were less than nine years. Their Hemoglobin A1C was on target (6.5–7.0%) in 21.0% of the cases, in which 17.0% were on below target range (< 6> 7.0%). 14.0% were on glibenclamide, 3.0% on glimepiride and 69.0% on insulin. Patients on insulin therapy twice daily in 28.0%, triple in 17.0% and basal bolus regime in 24.0%. Hypoglycemia unawareness was presented in 17.0%, hypoglycemia was major in 45.0% of the cases, and in 38.0% were in daytime. Insulin induced hypoglycemia were in 66.0%, and suicidal attempt were in 10.0%. Exercise induced hypoglycemia 10.0% and 3.0% of cases with malignancy induced hypoglycemia. Co-exist systemic illness was mainly absent in 69.0% but cardiovascular diseases in 14.0% and renal diseases in 7.0%. Majority of cases were discharged in good condition (86.0%) and 14.0% discharged against medical advice. Hypoglycemia mostly occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus treated with insulin and in most the cases were reversible and saved with good management. Thus, patient education is a fundamental issue in prevention and reducing complications of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The city that never sleeps, a vibrant tapestry of dense neighborhoods and relentless energy, has long grappled with the pervasive challenge of air pollution. The very dynamism that defines the city – its traffic, buildings, and industry – contributes to ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone (O3), pollutants known to exact a heavy toll on public health. [1-3] An extended analysis of environmental health data from 2005 to 2019, meticulously compiled by the town Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH), offers a crucial lens through which to view the city's journey: a narrative marked by significant public health victories interwoven with stark, persistent environmental injustices. [4] This fifteen-year period reveals not just the efficacy of targeted interventions but also the deeply entrenched disparities that continue to leave vulnerable communities uneasy. Thus, the aforementioned challenge provides a very important lesson to address similar problems around the globe, especially in the crowded urban areas.

Karishma

Background: The human brain changes with response to various types of activities and experience through the reorganization of its neural connections. This phenomenon is called as neural plasticity. Studies over the past decade have indicated that the adult brain is structurally dynamic. Indeed, dendritic spines dynamically turn over in the adult brain, and learning of novel tasks is associated with further increases in spine turnover. The exercise training is an effective therapy for CNS dysfunctions like stroke, traumatic brain injuries etc. which has been applied to clinic. Traditionally, the exercise training has been considered to improve brain function only through enhancement, compensation, and replacement of the remaining function of nerve and muscle. Objective: To investigate the evidence on effect of exercise on neural plasticity in CNS dysfunctions. Method: A comprehensive search on PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, clinical keys database using keywords neural plasticity, exercise, strength training, aerobic exercise, physiotherapy by using Boolean AND. Randomized controlled trails, systematic reviews and meta-analysispublished since 2005 are reviewed. Results: 24 studies identified through database searching. 15 studies are excluded due to duplicates, irrelevance, based on title and abstract, outcome diversity. 6 RCT, 3 systemic reviews are included. The result of this review provides evidence that exercise drives compensatory structural adaptation in functionally relevant subsets of neurons to enhance behavioral recovery and cognitive changes after brain insult and measurable functional level of the patient. Conclusion: The result of this review provides evidence that exercise drives compensatory structural adaptation in functionally relevant subsets of neurons to enhance behavioral recovery and cognitive changes after brain insult and measurable functional level of the patient.

Nagarjuna narayanasetti

Recently, novel materials like gas-sensing metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, and modified mixed metal oxides have attracted great attention owing to their key roles in monitoring environmental pollution, security in hospitals, homes, and public places, and hazardous emissions from industries and automobile exhaust. Initially, the mechanochemical (MCh) method was employed for the synthesis of the CuMnO3 catalyst and then the modification of CuMnO3 through the hydrothermal route. These synthesized catalysts were characterized by Ultraviolet Violet-Diffused Reflectance (UV-DRS) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The average particle size obtained for 3 % Fe/CuMnO3 was found to be 14–28 nm. The present work proclaimed that among all the synthesized 1,3,5 % Fe/CuMnO3 materials, the 3 % Fe modified CuMnO3 material shows significant gas sensing properties towards highly toxic H2S gas released from sewage plants, oil, and natural gas industries, among NH3, CO2, H2S, H2, CO2 and Cl2 with moderate temperature requirements and excellent selectivity.

Shilpa sangle

Colon is part of the digestive system in the human body responsible for absorbing water and nutrients from food residues. There are many problems affecting the colon including irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, abscess, colitis and colon cancer which considered one of the most common diseases among the Libyan community. The aim of this study was to search the presence of colonic disease and the tendency of those diseases to transform into colonic cancer at Benghazi medical center in Benghazi-Libya. A survey was comprised of 15 questions concerning colon diseases, proper diagnosis and treatment type. The survey was distributed to the physician specialized in medicine at Benghazi medical center and they fill it voluntary. The initial part of the questionnaire designed to obtain demographic data concerning the physicians who diagnose the colon illness. The rest part of the questionnaire was concerning special questions to define frequency of the diagnosed disease. There were 20 participants at this study. The response to all questionnaires were collected and analyzed for drug use, patients and disease distribution. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the correct diagnosis, prescribing the appropriate treatment for the colon disease and using the medicine properly is one of the most important things that help in treating the disease and reducing its exacerbation. In some cases, eradication procedures may be required if the medicine is not sufficient to treat the disease without the need for operations

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the association of organic farming to strengthen the sustainability of organic agriculture. Organic agriculture shows abundant benefits, as it reduces many of the environmental impacts of conventional agriculture, it can increase efficiency in small farmers’ fields, and it reduces reliance on costly external inputs, and guarantees price premiums for organic products. Organic farmers also profit from farmer cooperative and the formation of social networks, which enhances good access to instruction, credit and welfare services. This paper brings out how the function of organic farming contributes for the sustainable practices and improving environment conservation, animal welfare, and product quality.

Svedbergopen

Since October 17, 2019, Lebanon has experienced unprecedented popular protests, demanding the departure of the entire political class, accused of being gangrened by corruption. Country paralyzed, institutions closed for more than two weeks, the eyes are turned to universities that have closed their doors but whose community (teachers and students) actively participate in the national jump. This study explores the use of social media by universities in Lebanon during the national revolution using social big data technology on Twitter in comparison to the national usage of twitter. Important information was collected, analyzed and visualized using the R language.

Katia raya

Most of mosquito-repellent products and devices are made up of synthetic materials presenting market which causes various harmful effects on human beings. The resistance can be developed by the mosquito due to continuous exposure at high doses. Hence, the present research work represents the development and evaluation of mosquito repellent sticks with the help of various herbal products such as starch powder, wood powder, charcoal powder, eucalyptus oil, coconut oil, lavender oil, lemongrass and cinnamon oil, peppermint and citronella, neem oil making them ozone-friendly, financial effective, non-harmful.

Archana mehrotra

Background: Previously, Ocimum sanctum (Lamiaceae), commonly known as holy basil, has been noted for its anti-ulcer properties, primarily attributed to its oil and leaf extracts. However, the anti-ulcer activity of an ethanolic extract derived from the whole plant has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the antiulcer effect of the ethanolic extract of O. sanctum whole plant (OSWP) in an experimental ulcer model. Methods: The study, conducted at PCSIR Labs Complex in Karachi in August 2024, was approved by the Ethical Use of Experimental Animals Committee (IEC/OSWP-05). This study investigates the anti-ulcer activity of an ethanolic extract of OSWP in a rat model of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage at 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight, with ranitidine (50 mg/kg) used as a positive control. Outcome measures included ulcer index (UI), percentage protection, and gastric pH. Results: The ethanolic extract of OSWP demonstrated dose-dependent gastroprotective effects. At 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg, the UIs were 9.49 ± 2.40, 4.55 ± 1.44, and 2.5 ±2.25, respectively, with corresponding protection ranging from 48.9% to 86.54% for the 200 to 400 mg/kg doses (p < 0.05). Gastric pH increased from 5.6 to 7.6. In comparison, ranitidine (50 mg/kg) resulted in a UI of 4.0 ± 0.88, 78.47% protection (p < 0.05), and a pH of 7.0. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the dose-dependent anti-ulcer activity in the ethanolic extract of OSWP, which may be further developed as a potential anti-ulcer agent. A graphical presentation of the whole experimental process is shown in Figure 1.

Karishma

Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus was considered as lower grade pathogen involved in endocarditis. Recent accumulating evidence has suggested that Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus plays an important role in the initiation and development of colorectal cancer. This study was aimed to address the association between Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus and colorectal cancer among Libyan patients, to determine the dominant biotype of Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus associated with colorectal cancer patients and to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibly patterns of isolated strains. The study involved 20 colorectal cancer patients, 20 patients with large adenomas polyp and 20 people with healthy colonic mucosa as a control group. All the candidates were subjected to colonoscopy and histopathological examinations and conformation. The suspected and normal cases were then diagnosed according to the protocol used by the medicine specialist and grouped in accord with the study aim. All biopsies were handled and treated to isolate the suspected positive colonies of Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus. Of the 20 colorectal cancer patients, seven patients (35%) were found to be Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus carriers, (95% CI 1.22 - 1.72, p < 0.05). Nine patients (45%) were diagnosed colorectal cancer positive at age above 60 years old, eight patients (40%) at age 40 - 60 years old and three patients (15%) at age bellow 40 years old. Also, nine out of 20 patients (45%) with large adenomas polyp were found to be Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus carriers, (95% CI 2.16 - 2.71, p < 0.05). Of the 20 healthy people with colonic mucosa, Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus never been isolated. Streptococcus. bovis biotype II/I and Streptococcus. equinis were both susceptible to the above mentioned antibiotic classes, although Streptococcus bovis biotype I was highly resistance to most clinically used antibiotics. However, there was strong relationship between Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus and colorectal cancer or large polyp formation. However, it is not well understood whether the bacterium has a pathogenic role in the initiation and progression of neoplasia or just an epiphenomenon of colorectal neoplasms.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

As the demand for renewable energy continues to rise, it becomes crucial to discover effective ways to enhance grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) battery energy storage systems. The Institute of Petroleum Studies (IPS) complex at the University of Port Harcourt in Rivers State, Nigeria, embarked on a quest to determine the optimal approach for optimizing their PV battery energy storage system. This research aimed to fulfill this need by employing a diverse research methodology, incorporating the innovative MOALO theory. To begin with, the research gathered primary and secondary data to construct models for the power grid, solarPV, and battery. Furthermore, it meticulously analyzed the load profile of the IPS complex, at the University of Port Harcourt. Leveraging the power of the MOALO theory.The researchers accurately sized the system and evaluated the potential outcomes of simultaneously interconnecting all loads. To gauge the system's performance, there was a calculation of various parameters such as economics, random walk, boundary conditioning, entrapping ants, and ant trap development. Remarkably, the outcome showed that the fitness responses between the two trial runs, facilitated by the integration of MOALO, were strikingly similar, revealing a typical concaveconnected shape, which is characteristic of a multi-objective solver. The optimal multi-objective cost implication of the system was estimated to be around 4,300 USD, with a power mismatch performance of approximately -1.7819e+09. Based on these compelling findings, the study concluded that MOALO serves as an impressive optimization tool capable of minimizing power mismatches and optimizing costs. Moreover, it recommended the generation of excess power as a means to achieve sustainability.

Fxintegrity publishing

Fused silica capillaries treated with N, N-didodecyl-N, N-dimethylammonium bromide was used in capillary electrophoresis to separate basic proteins using ammonium acetate as BGE at pH 4.0, 70 mM. This surfactant forms a semi-stable coating that provides a strong anodic electroosmosis; however, such coating must regularly be regenerated to maintain efficiency and reproducibility. The temporal stability of the coating was greatly improved by a new procedure as described in previously study by our group. In this study, it is found such experimental conditions that the starting zone could be enriched without loss of sample. The injection of a short plug of the BGE diluted 100 times for 3 sec in 50 µm i.d. capillaries behind the sample zone at 15 kV gave the best performance, whereas, a plug of lower dilution degree (10 times) in 25 µm i.d injected for 3 sec at the same field strength gave the optimum results for this dimension. In conclusion, those conditions were found to effectively decrease the loss of sample and to give a higher separation performance in regard to peak efficiency and resolution compared to injecting the sample without a plug.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Objectives: Viral gastroenteritis is a major health problem that is common worldwide, especially in developing countries, and is responsible for the majority of childhood diarrhea disease. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus frequency and the age and seasonal distribution of viral agents in children with acute gastroenteritis attending to our hospital. Materials and Methods: In this study, 6999 stool specimens were investigated for the presence of rotavirus and adenovirus. The samples were obtained between January 2013 and August 2019 from children age 0-17 suffering from acute gastroenteritis attending to our hospital. Frequency of rotavirus and adenovirus were retrospectively evaluated with regard to seasonal distribution, gender and age of patients. Results: Viral antigens were detected in 1341 (19.1 %) of the specimens examined in the study. Among the positive results, rotaviruses and adenoviruses frequency were detected in 14.7 %, 4.4 %respectively. Rota-adenovirus co-infection was 8.4 %(n=113). Whereas rotavirus antigen was determined in all age groups, the highest was found in children age 0-2 with a rate of 57.9 %. Moreover, considering the seasonal distribution of the cases, it can be said that rotavirus infections are mostly observed in winter and spring, while adenovirus infections are frequently detected in summer and autumn. Conclusion: Rotavirus and enteric adenovirus infections are important public health problems that caused hospitalization, morbidity and mortality among children <5 years children in our country. As well as an approach to prevention of acute gastroenteritis, it is very important to detect the agent correctly and quickly for the treatment approach.

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