In the context of emerging sustainability challenges, demarketing has continued to draw the attention of academicians and practitioners globally over the past few years. It is interesting to note that demarketing is as old as marketing itself, yet its application and scope have grown from the past two decades only. Kotler and Levy, (1971) has defined demarketing as “that aspect of marketing which deals with discouraging customers in general or a certain class of customers in particular on a temporary or permanent basis”. This systematic literature review attempts to enrich the discussion on demarketing research through a systematic and comprehensive review of 64 articles published between 2000 and 2022. Using TCCM framework, we present relevant theories, research contexts, study characteristics, and methodologies used in demarketing research. Our review (1) Presents a systematic and comprehensive overview of the research in demarketing over the last two decades (2) Examines studies in demarketing within the framework of ‘triple bottom line’ approach for sustainability (3) Suggests a suitable definition of demarketing considering its exorbitant application within the sustainability context (4) Identify gaps and sets agenda for future research. Our systematic literature review found that research in demarketing has been growing considerably over the past two decades, twice as much in the last decade compared to the previous decade with spill-over to new sectors. The literature review, through the lens of ‘triple bottom line’ approach, is able to establish that demarketing can be employed to effectively address the sustainability challenges encountered by policymakers and practitioners.

Jeevan lawrence

Vesical explosion during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is an extremely rare, serious and dreadful complication, which should be considered as a blast injury requiring urgent exploratory laparotomy and repair. Until 2019, only 38 cases have been reportedin the International English literature. The underlying mechanism for this rare intravesical explosion is the generation and trapping of explosive gases under the dome of the bladder, which eventually detonates by sparks from the cutting electrode during TURP. Herein, we repor0low-up. Although uncommon, vesical explosion during TURP may occur and some preventive measures, discussed here, can be carried out to avoid this dreadful complication. In addition to the discussion of its mechanism, we will discuss the preventive measures of this dreadful event. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a vesical explosion reported in our department.

Karishma

With the projected growth of the global electric vehicle market that is estimated to double in the next decade, the expansion of the battery manufacturing capacity will primarily depend on the auto market’s electrification. Moreover, the market growth puts new requirements on the end-of-life phase and the recycling components. Therefore, the report provides a feasibility research study aimed at investigating the international initiative. It identifies the production and exportation of Lithium-Ion Batteries to the Chinese electric vehicle manufacturers and consumers as a business opportunity and discusses the gaps in the current market. The research also includes a look at the cost estimates that are bound to affect the company. Additionally, the report also includes recommendations for the company to ensure that it understands the policy frameworks and market systems for electric cars adoption. By doing so, the report discusses several aspects of the entire Lithium-Ion Battery business, justifying the business idea.

Mohamed sorogy

Kidney transplant kidney transplant ( KTx) recipients have increased susceptibility to a spectrum of infections including; bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. Many factors contribute to their infection potential risk, in terms of their immunosuppressive state, that result in suppression of their B‑and T‑lymphocyte repertoire, also to consider certain donor and recipient‑related factors, that make them at risk of specific type of infectious complications. In addition kidney transplant patients tolerate poorly infections, which may adversely affect their graft function, by inducing glomerular injury, hence early diagnosis, directed therapy, and careful dosing of antimicrobial agents is of paramount importance in reducing patient’s morbidity and mortality. We report a kidney transplant patient, who received her live related kidney graft 7 years earlier (in 2013), she has been with stable graft function in most of her follow up period, until she presented with pyrexia, dyspnea and fatigue associated with deterioration of her graft function.

Hani

ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production via oxidative stress leads to selective neuronal degeneration and finally results in neurodegenerative diseases. PD (Parkinson’s disease) is one of the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by overproduction of ROS due to the activity of xanthine oxidase. XO activity inhibitors may prove to be promising antiparkinson agents. Present investigation describes the synthesis and characterization of fluoro substituted pyrazolyl pyrazoline derivatives using spectrometer and 1HNMR spectra. Molecular docking studies of NAP1-NAP5 derivatives were performed in silico using molecular docking software. The resulting dock score in terms of D score has been compared with the standard XO inhibitor i.e. Allopurinol and Oxypurinol. The in silico approach used to study the Drug and Enzyme interaction using docking mechanism. Results indicated that the NAP derivatives accounted for better region specificity towards XO. It shows the strong binding interaction of ligand and receptor calculated on the basis of D score; hence the D score shows highest affinity. Overall score tabulation for D score as 2NAP1: -101.78; 2NAP2: -118.32; 2NAP3: -99.921; 2NAP4: -105.22; 2NAP5: -101.56; accordingly with the comparison of standard ligand molecule i.e. Allopurinol: -37.016 and Oxypurinol: -37.233.

Dr. wahul umesh b

Sentiment analysis and opinion mining is a branch of computer science that has gained considerable growth over the last decade. This branch of computer science deals with determining the emotions, opinions, feelings amongst others of a person on a particular topic. Social media has become an outlet for people to voice out their thoughts and opinions publicly about various topics of discussion making it a great domain to apply sentiment analysis and opinion mining. Sentiment analysis and opinion mining employ Natural Language Processing (NLP) in order to fairly obtain the mood of a person’s opinion about any specific topic or product in the case of an ecommerce domain. It is a process involving automatic feature extractions by mode of notions of a person about service and it functions on a series of different expressions for a given topic based on some predefined features stored in a database of facts. In an ecommerce system, the process of analyzing the opinions of customers about products is vital for business growth and customer satisfaction. This proposed research will attempt to implement a model for sentiment analysis and opinion mining on Twitter feeds. In this paper, we address the issues of combining sentiment classification and the domain constraint analysis techniques for extracting opinions of the public from social media. The dataset that was employed in the paper was gotten from Twitter through the tweepy API. The TextBlob library was used for the analysis of the tweets to determine their sentiments. The result shows that more tweets were having a positive subjectivity and polarity on the subject matter.

Dr. chandrashekhar uppin

The quality of software systems may be seriously impacted by specific types of source code anomalies. For example, poor programming practices result in Code Smells (CSs), which are a specific type of source code anomalies. They lead to architectural problems that consequently impact some significant software quality attributes, such as maintainability, portability, and reuse. To reduce the risk of introducing CSs and alleviate their consequences, the knowledge and skills of developers and architects is essential. On the other hand, ontologies, which are an artificial intelligence technique, have been used as a solution to deal with different software engineering challenges. Hence, the aim of this paper is to describe an ontological approach to representing and analyzing code smells. Since ontologies are a formal language based on description logics, this approach may contribute to formally analyzing the information about code smells, for example, to detect inconsistencies or infer new knowledge with the support of a reasoner. In addition, this proposal may support the training of software developers by providing the most relevant information on code smells. This ontology can also be a means of representing the knowledge on CSs from different sources (documents in natural language, relational databases, HTML documents, etc.). Therefore, it could be a valuable knowledge base to support the struggle of software developers and architects either to avoid CSs or to detect and remove them. The ontology was developed following a sound methodology. The well-known tool Protégé was used to manage the ontology and it was validated by using different techniques. An experiment was conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the ontology and evaluate its impact on speeding up the analysis of CSs.

Mehdhar s. a. m. al-gaashani

The primary cause of many fatalities is hypertension (high blood pressure). Many hypertensive patients are not even aware that they have the condition. As a result, hypertension is sometimes referred to as a silent killer. Until the harmful effects of high blood pressure, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, renal abnormalities, and vision problems, are identified, hypertension is typically asymptomatic. Without the use of herbs and dietary control, conventional medication therapy could not be enough to treat hypertension. The growing number of persons with high blood pressure can be effectively treated using alternative medicine. Numerous alternative therapies, such as diet, exercise, stress management, vitamins, and herbs, have been proven to be effective in lowering high blood pressure. There are several medications available to treat this disorder however popular antihypertensive medications typically have a long list of adverse effects. Numerous active ingredients with pharmacological and preventative qualities found in medicinal plants can be used to treat hypertension. This review discusses an overview of important medicinal plants and phytochemicals with hypotensive or antihypertensive effects.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Saline and sodic (alkali) soils can significantly reduce the value and productivity of affected land. By estimation, slightly more than one-fourth of irrigated farmland in the United States is affected by soil salinity. Ions most commonly associated with soil salinity include the anions chloride (Cl–), sulfate (SO4=), carbonate (HCO3–), and sometimes nitrate (NO3–) and the cations sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), and sometimes potassium (K+). Crops differ in ability to tolerate salt accumulation in soils, but if levels are high enough (more than 16 mS/cm), only tolerant plants will survive. As salts accumulate in soil, the soil solution osmotic pressure increases. Reclamation of sodic soils is different; excess sodium must first be replaced by another cation and then leached. Sodic soils are treated by replacing the sodium with calcium from a soluble source.

Svedbergopen

Background: In dental practice, local anesthesia plays a very important role as it makes the patient more comfortable during his or her procedures. Nevertheless, difficulty in getting adequate anesthesia is still common because of several reasons such as the differences in anatomy, psychological considerations as well as technique related problems. The research paper will identify the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of dental professionals in relation to local anesthetic use and subsequent improvement of pain management in dentistry by establishing areas of weaknesses and suggesting means to address them. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 150 dental practitioners comprising general dentists, dental surgeons as well as specialists was carried out to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices of dental practitioners with regard to local anesthesia. The questionnaire was made to gauge the knowledge of the respondents with regard to anesthetic agent, effects of psychological factors, and how the respondents approach the issue of anesthesia failure in their practice. Analysis was done based on descriptive statistics to give an insight into the common practices and areas of concern. Results: The survey showed that 85 percent of respondents used Lidocaine as their choice of anesthetic, 60 percent of them reported anatomical differences as the major factor of anesthesia efficacy and 85 percent of the respondents reported the critical role of patient anxiety. On the issue of confidence in administering local anesthesia, 40 percent had high confidence and 50 percent had some incidences of poor anesthesia. In case of the failure in anesthesia, 60 percent of practitioners chose to administer higher dosage instead of sending patients to experts. Conclusion: Although the majority of dental practitioners have a good grasp of the knowledge and confidence in the administration of the local anesthesia, there are some areas where improvements can be made, especially when addressing the psychological factors and communicating with patients. Patient-centered care methods and additional training are critical to maximising the efficacy of anesthesia. Keywords: Local anesthesia, Dental practitioners, Knowledge, Patient anxiety, Anesthesia failure.

Journal of scientific innovations in anesthesiology

This article explores the intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and personalized healthcare, focusing on how AI-driven technologies are revolutionizing the delivery of individualized medical care. Through an in-depth examination of recent advancements, practical implementations, and ethical considerations, this paper elucidates the transformative role of AI in tailoring treatments, improving diagnostic precision, and enhancing overall patient outcomes.

Dhruvitkumar talati

Background Type 2 diabetes and obesity are serious public health concerns globally and a growing burden in Africa. Both conditions have serious repercussions on health when they co-occur, yet the extent of their co-occurrence in Africa remains unknown. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa. Method A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, African Index Medicus (AIM), and African Journals Online (AJOL) for observational studies that reported the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity among type 2 diabetes patients in Africa. The prevalence data from individual studies were aggregated through a random-effects meta-analysis. The I2 statistic was used to evaluate between-studies heterogeneity, while subgroup analysis and mixed-effects meta-regression were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. We assessed publication bias using funnel plots and Egger’s test. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Of 1753 records retrieved, 80 articles were eligible for this review, with 74 cross-sectional studies included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35.6% and 25.6% respectively, while the overall prevalence of both overweight and obesity was 61.4%. Also, the pooled prevalence of both overweight and obesity across the five geographical areas in Africa ranged from 56.9% in East Africa to 88.5% in Southern Africa. Nineteen factors were significantly associated with overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion The high prevalence of overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes is a significant public health concern that transcends geographical boundaries within Africa. The findings from this review highlight the need for innovative weight management interventions that are tailored to the cultural context of the African setting

Emmanuel ekpor

Background Covid-19 pandemic has hit many countries and put the majority of the public health system to test globally. Mandatory use of face mask was among policies set by the government to contain the spread of the novel disease. But citizens’ attitudes and compliance with these policies are important in controlling the pandemic. We assessed gender-based compliance to Covid-19 protocol (use of face mask) in Jos South, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods Perception regarding Covid-19 and the use of face masks were assessed among participants using a questionnaire-based survey. In a cross-sectional study, ninety (n=90) questionnaires were administered to willing participants directly. A Chi-square test was used to determine the descriptive analysis of all responses, P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result Out of 90 participants, 55.6% (50/90) were male and 44.4%(40/90) were female. Forty-two (84%) males deny the existence of the pandemic while in females, 14 (35%) deny that Covid-19 exist. Thirty-seven (74%) of the male respondents do not comply with to use of the face mask and use a single face mask multiple times without decontamination. In females, 28 (70%) comply with the use of the face mask. Unlike the men, 20 (50%) of the females always decontaminate the face mask. The middle-aged adult (26-45 years) uses the face mask more than the young (18-25 years). There was a significant association of gender in relation to the perception of Covid-19 and the use of facemask (p< 0.05). Conclusion Male respondents showed an irresponsible attitude complying to Covid-19 protocol than the females, therefore, enlisting them as a risk factor for the continued spread of the virus. We recommend that public health awareness and campaigns should focus and employ greater influence on men and young adults in their compliance with the preventive protocols.

Bitrus inuwa

Tomato is one of the most important vegetables worldwide. It is considered a mainstayof many countries’ economies. However, tomato crops are vulnerable to many diseasesthat lead to reducing or destroying production, and for this reason, early and accuratediagnosis of tomato diseases is very urgent. For this reason, many deep learning modelshave been developed to automate tomato leaf disease classification. Deep learning isfar superior to traditional machine learning with loads of data, but traditional machinelearning may outperform deep learning for limited training data. The authors proposea tomato leaf disease classification method by exploiting transfer learning and featuresconcatenation. The authors extract features using pre-trained kernels (weights) fromMobileNetV2 and NASNetMobile; then, they concatenate and reduce the dimensionalityof these features using kernel principal component analysis. Following that, they feedthese features into a conventional learning algorithm. The experimental results confirmthe effectiveness of concatenated features for boosting the performance of classifiers.The authors have evaluated the three most popular traditional machine learning classifiers,random forest, support vector machine, and multinomial logistic regression; amongthem, multinomial logistic regression achieved the best performance with an averageaccuracy of 97%.

Mehdhar s. a. m. al-gaashani

The work presented in this paper is analysis and design of power efficient Network on Chips (NoCs). NoC architecture, routers, structure of NoC, topologies and their components has been discussed in this work. The parameters likely speed, latency, static and dynamic power is analyzed. This work found better results as compared to previous works.

Ashish mulajkar

This research article focuses on addressing the challenges associated with joining dissimilar metals through the application of solid-state welding techniques, specifically Friction Welding (FW). The study aims to develop optimal welding conditions, tools, and parameters for achieving a successful Aluminum–Steel (Al–Fe) butt joint. The resulting weld is extensively characterized through mechanical tests, microstructure analysis, and micro hardness measurements. Additionally, finite element analysis is conducted to simulate the behaviour of the prototype engine valve. The findings provide valuable insights into the feasibility and performance of friction welding for dissimilar metal joints, contributing to the further development and understanding of this welding technique.

Boopathy govindarajan

Self-medication with antibiotics is becoming a trend that threats the health systems worldwide through developing bacterial resistance which is associated with high health care costs and increased rate of morbidity and mortality. The main objective of this study is to assess antibiotic self-medication practice among Libyan university pharmacy students. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among pharmacy students at Sabratha University in the western region of Libya. A validated questionnaire was used to collect relevant data which were statistically analyzed. A total of 170 undergraduate Pharmacy students participated in the study during spring 2021. About 80% of the participants reported the use of antibiotics without consulting a physician. The major reason for using antibiotics was to get a quick relief of emergency conditions which was reported by 35% of the students. About 25% of the students used antibiotics to relieve their pains and aches. The most commonly used antibiotic was amoxicillin (55%). Most antibiotics were obtained over the counter from community pharmacies (85%). Half of the participants were not sure if they can advise patients to use antibiotics without a prescription, although 60% of them believed that it was good practice. In conclusion, prevalence of antibiotic self-medication among university pharmacy undergraduate students is high. Thus, serious interventions are required to ensure safe and effective use of antibiotics among the population in Libya.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The second edition of “Short and OSCE Cases in Internal Medicine” [1] is a useful resource that enables candidates to learn the tricks of the clinical examination when preparing for higher specialist examinations such as MRCP (UK) PACES, MRCPI, Arab Board, and other clinical examinations which use the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) format. As compared to the first edition [2], the number of photos and illustrations in the second edition has been considerably expanded to include about 150 photos to enhance the candidate’s learning experience. In addition, the author has revised and updated all sections based on new information and advancements in the medical field. Particular emphasis has been placed on a highly professional approach to the case, a competent, succinct, and relevant clinical examination techniques according to the examiner’sinstruction, and a concise, professional presentation by the candidate. Some mnemonics to help recall long lists also have been included as aide-mémoire.

Karishma

Gender financing is a typical issue now a days , women face so many challanges in obtaining financial support from bank . Practical social order,low confidence of Bankers on women ,bankers neglecting attitude in some cases discourage the women to come up with entrepreneurial idea or venture creation and thus women are legging behind men in business field .To integrate women in the mainstream development process ,the equality as well as equity is important to restrict gender discrimination .

Md. abdur rahman choudhury

In this report, Abacus Ltd employee will offer his client guidelines, another organisation trying to comprehend risk management. Abacus gives a scope of business consultancy administrations to their clients which assist them with developing their business. Abacus's new client wants all individuals from the senior group to comprehend risk management in business and the various kinds of danger (Aven and Renn, 2010).

Zamzam abdelazim