In the last decade, we have observed the usage of artificial intelligence algorithms and machine learning models in industry, education, healthcare, entertainment, and several other areas. In this paper, we focus on using machine learning algorithms in the loan approval process of financial institutions. First, we briefly review some prior research papers that dealt with loan approval predictions using machine learning models. Next, we analyze the loan approval prediction dataset we downloaded from Kaggle, which was used in this paper to compare several machine learning classification models. During this analysis, we observed that credit scores and loan terms are the attributes that probably most affect the result. Next, we divided the dataset into a training set (80%) and a test set (20%). We trained 27 various machine learning models in MATLAB. Three models were optimized with Bayesian optimization to find the best hyperparameters with minimum error. We used 5-fold cross-validation for the validations to prevent overfitting during the training. In the following step, we used the test set on trained models to measure the models' accuracy on unseen data. The result showed that the best accuracy both on validation and test data, more than 98%, was reached with neural networks and ensemble classification models.

Ladislav végh

The anti-emetic activity of the leaves methanolic extracts of Cassia angustifolia Vahl., Cassia holosericea Fresen., Cassia italica Miller. Lam. ex F.W. Ander and Cassia purpurea Roxb., was evaluated in young chicks. Emesis was induced by copper sulfate (50 mg/kg), and the extracts were tested orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg. All the extracts significantly decreased the number of retching (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) compared with standard chlorpromazine.

Dr. salman ahmed

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of supply chain management, offering unprecedented opportunities for optimization, efficiency, and innovation. This white paper explores the various applications of AI in supply chain operations, highlighting its potential to revolutionize the way businesses manage inventory, logistics, demand forecasting, and more. Through real-world examples and case studies, we demonstrate how AI-driven technologies are reshaping traditional supply chain practices and driving competitive advantage in today's dynamic marketplace.

Kalpak

Newborn or neonate denotes to an infant in the first few days after birth. They are not small children when it comes to medicinal use and formulation development. Neonates include term, post-term and preterm babies. The neonatal period for preterm newborn infants is defined as the day of birth through to the expected date of delivery plus 27 days. The majority of drugs used in sick newborns receiving intensive care are unlicensed and off-label, exposing infants to a greater risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study is extremely important due to the presence of a variety of drug information sources if used together lead to medication errors. From this point of view, this approach is suggested to eliminate or minimize these varieties. Where the most important challenges in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is proper and correct calculations and administration. Drug-related events in a hospital setting are the highest cause of recorded errors such as in the USA and UK

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The use of nanotechnology in healthcare and medicine is crucial, particularly for nanocoatings. The therapeutic potential of nanocoatings on medical implants and devices is examined in this chapter. It goes into the ingredients, production processes, and health benefits of nanocoatings. Device functionality and biocompatibility can be enhanced by nanocoatings. They are essential in addressing healthcare issues including cardiovascular stents and orthopedic implants. Additionally, nanocoatings are used in medication delivery systems, tissue engineering, and wound healing. This chapter offers important knowledge on the medical applications of nanocoatings to experts and researchers. Nanotechnology has the potential to alter the medical industry, which would be advantageous for patients.

Boopathy govindarajan

Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic disease that comes third after cerebrovascular and Alzheimer’s disease. Anti-epileptic drugs may affect certain hematological parameters of epileptic patients. Few researches investigated hematological adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs in Libya. Thus, the aim was to evaluate hematological parameters in epileptic children who are on antiepileptic drugs. This retrospective study included 83 pediatric patients with epilepsy recruited from Benghazi Children Hospital, Department of Neurology, from December 2017 to April 2018. Data collected included demographic characteristics, types of epilepsy, anti-epileptic drugs and serum hematological parameters. Hematological parameters recorded included: hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration and white blood cell count. In all treated patients, regardless of the number of antiepileptic drugs therapy used, the average levels of hematological parameters were significantly lower in treated group compared to control group (11.64 gm per dl, 34.53%, 27.74 pg and 33.13 gm per dl, respectively). A significant increase (12.12109 per l) in white blood cell counts in treated group was found. Average hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean cell hemoglobin concentration levels were significantly lower in patients on poly-therapy compared to mono-therapy and control groups. Average white blood cell counts were significantly increased in patients on anti-epileptic drugs. In sodium valproate users, levels of hematological parameters were significantly decreased but significantly increased in white blood cell counts. In diazepam users, significant increases in white blood cells and platelet but no difference in other parameters observed. There were no differences in all hematological parameters among patients using carbamazepine except for platelet counts (significantly decreased). In conclusion, there is substantial effect of the anti-epileptic drugs, especially sodium valproate, on hematological parameters of children despite the effects were not critical as the changes were still in the normal range.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This research was conducted at SD Darus Sholah, Jember which aims to answer the main problems related to the implementation of the Student Team Achievement Divisions learning strategy in integrated thematic learning. The problem studied in this research is the Implementation of the Student Team Achievement Divisions Strategy in integrated thematic learning at SD Darus Sholah, Jember. This research approach uses a qualitative approach with the type of phenomenological research. Methods of data collection using interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis used the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, with the process of data collection, condensation, data display, and data verification. To test the validity of the data using triangulation. The results of this study indicate that: 1) At the presentation stage, the teacher starts with story material, reviews previous material, and learning activities in teams. 2) The teacher prepares a worksheet as a guide for group work and each member can contribute, the teacher makes observations, provides guidance, motivation, and assistance if needed. 3) Individual tests in groups. 4) Score development for individuals, the teacher combines the previous score with the final score. 5) Appreciation for the team is based on the assessment of individuals in the group so that the process of group assessment recapitulation is based on individual assessment of each group. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Darus Sholah Jember yang bertujuan untuk menjawab pokok permasalahan berkaitan dengan penerapan strategi belajar Student Team Achievement Divisions dalam pembelajaran tematik terpadu. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini, Implementasi Strategi Student Team Achievement Divisions dalam pembelajaran tematik terpadu di SD Darus Sholah Jember. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian fenomenologis. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman, dengan proses data collection, condensation, data display, and data verifiying. Untuk menguji keabsahan data menggunakan trianggulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Pada tahap presentasi, guru memulai dengan materi cerita, mereview ulang materi sebelumnya, dan kegiatan belajar dalam tim. 2) Guru menyiapkan lembaran kerja sebagai pedoman kerja kelompok dan setiap anggota dapat berkontribusi, guru melakukan pengamatan, memberikan bimbingan, motivasi, dan bantuan jika diperlukan. 3) Tes individu dalam kelompok. 4) Skor pengembangan bagi individu, guru menggabungkan skor nilai sebelumnya dengan skor akhir. 5) Penghargaan bagi tim mendasarkan kepada penilaian terhadap individu dalam kelompok sehingga proses rekapitulasi penilaian kelompok, didasarkan kepada penilain individu masing-masing kelompok.

Educare: journal of primary education

This study examined work-life balance and teacher engagement in private secondary schools in Rivers State. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a correlation research design with a population of 7,143 teachers (2,676 males and 4,467 females) in all the 275 private secondary schools in Rivers State. The sample size of 714 teachers was drawn through a proportionate stratified random sampling technique, which represents 10% of the population. Two self-designed instruments entitled: “Work-life Balance Questionnaire (WLBQ)” and “Teacher Engagement Questionnaire (TEQ)” were used for data collection. The instruments were in two sections –A and B. Section A consisted of the demographic factors while Section B contained the variables that were used to elicit information from the respondents. Section B contained 20 items on Work-life Balance and 15 items on Teacher Engagement respectively. Face and content validities were ensured by experts in the relevant areas. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability method was used to establish the internal consistency, and indexes of .79 for WLBQ and .83 for TEQ were established respectively. Research questions 1 and 2 were answered using simple regression while research question 3 was answered using multiple regression. Hypotheses 1 and 2 were tested with a t-test associated with simple regression while hypothesis 3 was tested using ANOVA associated with multiple regression at 0.05 alpha level. The findings of the study revealed, among others, that work-life balance significantly and jointly predicted teacher engagement to a very low extent in secondary schools in Rivers State. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others, that both employers and school managers should create flexible work environments that promote work-life balance for teachers so as to motivate them to perform optimally for the attainment of educational goals.

Fxintegrity publishing

Hemodialysis patients suffer from poor health-related quality of life which results in a higher risk of hospitalization and mortality. This study investigates the importance of pharmaceutical care and role of pharmacist for hemodialysis patients to optimize drug therapy, minimize drug related problems and thereby improving their health-related quality of life. The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical care interventions on health-related quality of life of hemodialysis patients in Benghazi, Libya. Randomized control study was carried out after getting an ethical approval from the committee of the hospital. Health-related quality of life was assessed using SF-36 instrument for all the patients (n = 80). Among them, 40 patients were received the normal care along with brief medication review and counselled by pharmacists for two months. Then, health-related quality of life was assessed again for those 40 patients who received the pharmaceutical care. Data was analyzed using an appropriate methods. The results showed that the quality of life for hemodialysis patients was poor in both physical and emotional aspects. After implementation of appropriate pharmaceutical care to the patients, their quality of life improved significantly. Health-related quality of life is an important determinant of treatment effectiveness in dialysis patients

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background and Objectives: The Bayelsa Health Insurance Scheme (BHIS) is a state-designed social security plan in which enrollees benefit from a shared pool of cash based on premiums paid by participants. The study aimed to assess the self-reported effectiveness, service utilization, level of satisfaction, and barriers among beneficiaries, and proffer solutions to improve the scheme. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire. This questionnaire assesses the BHIS impact in Kolokuma/Opokuma LGA through six sections capturing demographics, service utilization, satisfaction, financial implications, access barriers, and improvement solutions using standardized scales and matrices, preceded by informed consent. Data was analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Results: The major barriers to service utilization were constant unavailability of claimed services at accredited facilities (90.1%) excessive waiting time (76.4%), late/non-referral to specialized centers (67.5), rigid BHIS protocols (63.1%), insufficient insurance coverage (55.2%), complex billing systems (50.7%), and shortage of BHIS staff (50.0%). Conclusions: Possible solutions include the training and retraining of staff and service providers, providing subsidies for couples who are both government employees, initiating adequate supervision, monitoring, and feedback mechanisms, rapid referral protocols, and integrating and encouraging the establishment of health equity funds.

Karishma

Homoeopathy is one of the latest systems of medicine discovered at the latter part of 18th century, first rose to prominence in the 19th century due to its success in treating epidemics and is currently second largely utilized system of medicine globally. Prophylaxis through Homoeopathy has been strongly promulgated by stalwarts and popular among the general public in the recent times, but still controversy revolves around it. Aim of the study is to review the available literature for analyzing the usefulness of Homoeopathy in prophylaxis of human, animal as well as plant diseases. A comprehensive search has been made in electronic database aimed to target the available literature of various levels of evidence. Examples are summarized under different areas of applicability of homeopathic medicine as prophylactic. Currently there is convincing evidence to support effectiveness of Homoeopathy in prophylaxis, though sparse. More rigorous research studies are warranted to enlarge the horizon of its application.

Dr deepthi gilla

Adolescence is considered as a crucial stage for emotional development. It is also seen as a time of hyper-emotionality, emotional conflict, and volatile mood states. Given that adolescents lack skills for emotional management, emotional distress during these years can hamper their immediate growth and adversely affect their transition to the next stage of life. Interventions that promote positive emotional development during adolescence are the need of the hour. Keeping this in focus, the present study investigated the Effect of Life Skills Training on Adolescent boys and girls with high Emotional Distress. The study used pre- and post-test experimental design with a control group to examine the stated objectives. 160 adolescent boys and girls (n=80), with a mean age of 16.44 years, were selected for the study using Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Of these, 80 in the experimental group (boys=40, girls=40) were trained in life skills. Descriptive statistics, independent sample ttest and repeated measures of ANOVA were used to analyze obtained results. Major findings of the study indicate that Life Skills training has significant effect in reducing emotional distress and improving emotional health in adolescents. And the significance of it was found to be higher in girls compared to boys.

Hita claudia rao

The present study deals with the phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antibacterial activity of hydroalcohol, acetone, and hexane extracts of the leaves of Psidium guajava. The antimicrobial activity was measured by the agar well diffusion method. Gastric volume, pH, total and free acidity and the ulcerative index was also measured in hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium guajava on gastric ulcer pyloric ligation in rat. Glycosides, terpenoids, and tannins are only present in the hydro alcohol extract. The extracts are tested against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) bacterial strains. The zone of inhibition against microorganisms is direct proportional to the concentration of extract. Maximum zone of inhibition (24mm) against Staphylococcus aureus except hexane extract was seen. Psidium guajava leaves show maximum phytochemicals compounds and inhibition of microorganisms in hydroalcoholic extract. So the hydroalcoholic extraction was used for anti-ulcer activity. The present study was performed in pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer model in albino rats in which the ability of hydroalcoholic extracts of Psidium guajava was tested at a dose level of 400 mg/kg body weight orally and compared with Ranitidine (10 mg/kg) as standard. From the results it is concluded hydro alcohol leaf extracts of Psidium guajava 400 mg/kg dose level showed significant anti-ulcer activity when compared to that of standard drug.

Sudha rameshwari.k assistant professor

In childhood, epilepsy is the most common globally widespread neurological problem, usually with serious consequences for this most critical period of development. Dravet and Lennox Gastaut syndromes are two forms of rare and severe treatment resistant epilepsies that occur early in the life. These resistant epilepsies recognised by continuous unrelenting seizures of many types including the occurrence of status epilepticus. In addition, it is associated with the development of behavioural, neurological, cognitive deficits and the sequelae of increased risk of mortality rate. Historically, cannabis was found to possess several medical benefits including its use for epilepsy. In this review, information and data were extracted from 99 references using PubMed and Google Scholar (November, 2021). Data with clinical evidence on cannabidiol regarding its efficacy on Dravet syndrome and Lennox Gastaut syndrome, mechanism of action, safety, pharmacokinetic properties and interactions with anti-epileptic medications were all reviewed and discussed. Highly purified cannabidiol is a cannabis derived compound that is suggested in recent research as an add-on therapy to the existing treatment of both resistant epileptic types; since it is able to reduce the duration, frequency and severity of seizure disorders. It is also characterised with multiple signalling transduction mechanisms, primarily via inhibition of excitatory and potentiation of inhibitory pathways.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: This study investigated the utilization of consumer health informatics in health promotion among the staff of tertiary institutions in Rivers state. Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. Two research questions guided this paper. The population of this paper comprised all the 13,046 staff of tertiary institutions in Rivers state. A sample of 1226 staff was drawn using multi-stage sampling techniques. An instrument titled, “Utilization of Consumer Health Informatics in Health Promotion Questionnaire” (UCHIHPQ) was adopted for data collection. The instrument was validated and reliability yielded an index of 0.80. Mean and Standard Deviation statistics were used to answer the research questions. The statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS v23. Results: The result revealed among others that to a very large extent, the respondents accepted that consumer health informatics was used to improve their nutritional and physical health status. Conclusion: It was therefore concluded and recommended among others that staff of tertiary institutions in Rivers state should regularly use intelligent informatics applications to attain a healthy balance between self-reliance and seeking professional help concerning nutritional and physical health matter

Fxintegrity publishing

This study investigated the level of environmental citizenship development through curriculum development planning among primary school pupils in Rivers State. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The descriptive survey design was used. The population for the study was the 15,611 teachers in the 962 public primary schools in Rivers State. A stratified random sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 1,600 teachers which represents 10.2% of the population. A researchers’ designed questionnaire titled "Curriculum Development Planning in Environmental Education Questionnaire" was the instrument used for the study. The instruments were validated by three experts. Reliability coefficients of 0.88 (Curriculum Provision), 0.73 (Environmental Education Projects), and 0.79 (Challenges) were derived using Cronbach alpha. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using the z-test. Findings revealed that the extent to which environmental education projects were utilized to develop environmental citizenship in pupils is low. The challenges militating against the teaching of environmental education are lack of commitment from the school management, lack of time in the lesson timetable to integrate environmental education contents in other subject areas, and teachers' inadequate knowledge of environmental education integration techniques. It was recommended amongst others that the Nigerian Education Research and Development Council should design age-appropriate curriculum contents/topics that can be integrated into various subjects.

Fxintegrity publishing

We reported a case of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in a 26-year-old previously healthy male patient who was presented to the emergency department with a history of fever, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis. After extensive investigations, including bronchoscopy and autoimmune screening, he was diagnosed with renalpulmonary syndrome. The diagnosis of CYP-related PRES was based on the development of neurological clinical picture supported by magnetic resonance imaging findings. The dose of CYP was decreased to 75 mg/day, and the patient’s symptoms improved after 3 days.

Karishma

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) and short essay questions (SEQs) are common methods of the assessment of medical students in courses of pharmacology. Poorly constructed test items (questions) are a widespread problem resulting in failure to assess learning objectives. It has been reported that there are 36.0% to 65.0% flawed test items in medical education assessment tools. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate MCQs by determining the item writing flaws (IWFs) and to evaluate the SEQs by determining the cognitive level of each item. Four pharmacology tests were administered to third-year pharmacy students at Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Bayda, Libya. These were evaluated by determining the IWFs and the level of the cognitive domains. Based on Buckwalter’s modification of Bloom’s taxonomy cognitive level, for the SEQs, 30.0% of the questions were attempted to check recall of information, 26.0% were attempted to evaluate understanding and interpretation of data and 43.0% of the questions were attempted to check the application of knowledge for solving a particular problem. For the MCQs, 94.6% of the questions were attempted to evaluate the understanding and interpretation of data. For the IWFs, there were more than 40.0% of flawed questions. The most common writing flaws were the negative stem (47.4%), unfocused item (16.0%), non-homogenous in grammar and contents (10.0%), all the above (10.0%) and clang association (05.0%). In a short essay, the SEQs were of excellent quality because they were equally distributed among the three levels of cognitive (level I, II and III). On the other hand, the most common mistakes IWFs of the MCQs were the negative stem (47.0%) and the idea was not clearly and concisely stated in the stem (16.0%). This study concludes that questions in SEQs are valid to measure the learning objective but MCQs were not in pharmacology courses in Libya.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background: Preterm birth remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Identifying its risk factors is essential for developing targeted interventions to improve maternal and neonatal health. This study investigated the sociodemographic, obstetric, medical, and lifestyle risk factors associated with preterm birth among women who delivered at Abia State University Teaching Hospital (ABSUTH), Aba, Southeast Nigeria. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at ABSUTH. The study population comprised all the women who gave birth at the facility who met the criteria. Data were collected through structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and medical record reviews. Key variables included maternal age, education level, socioeconomic status, obstetric history, medical conditions, lifestyle factors, and antenatal care utilization. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 25, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 9125 deliveries were recorded during the period of this study, including 1,962 cases (preterm births, <37 weeks gestation) and 7,163 controls (term births, ≥37 weeks gestation). Chi-square analysis showed significant associations between preterm birth and maternal age (p < 0.05), low education level (p < 0.001), low socioeconomic status (p = 0.0351), previous preterm birth (p < 0.001), short pregnancy interval (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.001), infections (p < 0.001), smoking (p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (p < 0.001), and inadequate antenatal visits (p < 0.001). Logistic regression confirmed that hypertension, diabetes, infections, previous preterm birth, and inadequate antenatal visits were independent predictors of preterm birth. Conclusion: The findings highlight the multifactorial nature of preterm birth, with medical conditions, lifestyle behaviors, and inadequate antenatal care playing crucial roles. Early identification and management of these risk factors through improved maternal health services and health education may reduce the burden of preterm birth in the study setting.

Karishma

Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection caused more than five million deaths throughout the world and more than five thousand deaths in Libya, a little is known about the mortality rate and the risk factors for death from this serious infectious disease in Libya. Thus, it is aimed in this study to identify the potential risk factors for mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infections among 176 Libyan COVID-19 patients in Zawia city. This research is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted on 176 randomly selected volunteers who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 during a period of December 2020 to February 2021 in Zawia city, Libya. Following filling the prepared validated questionnaire by COVID-19 patients, the data was analyzed to determine the previously mentioned risk factors. The mean age (SD) of the total 176 participated COVID-19 patients was 45.06 (± 17.7) and the mortality rate among these total involved cases (mild to severe cases) was 10.8%. It is found that the mortality among the severe COVID-19 cases was 41.3% and the mean age (SD) of COVID-19 deaths was 69.1 years (13.8) and 73.7% of them were 60 years old or older. In addition, it is found that 63.2% of the SARS-CoV-2 deaths were females and 78.9% of them had a positive history of chronic diseases. Moreover, it was found that the most common chronic diseases among COVID-19 deaths are diabetes mellitus and hypertension (73.3% and 53.3%, respectively). Collectively, it is concluded that COVID-19 elderly female patients aging 60 years or older with a positive history of chronic disease are more likely at high risk for death from SARS-CoV-2 infection among the participated COVID cases.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences