The study was undertaken to evaluate the nutrient composition, physical and sensory properties of bread samples produced from wheat, ground bean and sweet potato flour blends. The ground beans and sweet potatoes were prepared into flours and used at varying replacement levels (5-25% and 5-25%) for wheat flour in the production of bread loaves with 100% wheat flour bread as control. The nutrient composition, physical and sensory properties of the bread samples were determined using standard methods. The moisture, crude protein, fat, crude fibre and ash contents of the bread samples increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in the addition of ground bean and sweet potato flours from 7.53-8.03%, 9.06-14.52%, 3.12-4.68%, 3.42-5.15% and 2.41-3.04, respectively, while the carbohydrate and energy contents decreased from 74.46-64.58% and 362.16-358.52 KJ/100 g, respectively. The mineral composition of the bread samples also increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in substitution of ground bean and sweet potato flours from 76.32-102.33 mg/100 g (calcium), 86.33-106.76 mg/100 g (potassium), 43.17-70.79 mg / 100 g (phosphorus), 92.14-112.15 mg / 100 g (magnesium), 1.52-2.05 mg / 100 g (iron) and 2.13-2.98 mg/100 g (zinc), respectively. The thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid, vitamin A and vitamin E contents of the bread samples increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in the addition of ground bean and sweet potato flours from 42.17-59.19 mg/100 g, 62.31-80.69 mg/100 g, 24.15-47.57 mg/100 g, 12.15-12.15-12.73 mg/100 g, 18.32-47.33 mg/100 g and 15.31-43.67 mg/100 g, respectively. The physical properties (loaf volume, loaf height, loaf weight, oven spring and specific loaf volume) of the bread samples decreased significantly (p<0.05) with corresponding increase in the addition of ground bean and sweet potato flours from 310.21-115.41 cm3, 6.82-3.84 cm; 410.21-246.31g, 458.15-407.94 cm and 0.76-0.26 cm3/g, respectively. The sensory properties of the samples showed that the control sample (100% wheat flour bread) was the most acceptable to the panelists and also differed significantly (p<0.05) from the composite flour breads in colour, texture, taste and flavour. Although the 100% wheat flour bread (control) had better sensory and physical properties, it had the least values in nutrient contents compared to the composite flour bread loaves. However, the study showed that the nutrient contents of wheat flour breads could be improved by enriching wheat flour with ground bean and sweet potato flours at the levels of 5-25% and 5-25%, respectively in the production of bread loaves.

Okechukwu obed chukwuemeka

Hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute-pancreatitis (HTG-AP) is an important etiology of acute pancreatitis (AP). The treatment includes general management of AP with bowel rest, analgesia, and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Specific treatment of HTG-AP focuses on reducing serum triglyceride (TG) levels. Various modalities have been used, including heparin infusion, insulin infusion, plasmapheresis, and double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP). However, the extent to which TG reduction translates into a clinical response remains unclear. This review highlights the emerging evidence on the management of HTG-AP. Insulin therapy and plasmapheresis remain treatment options to reduce TG. DFPP is an emerging treatment modality to reduce TG levels in patients with AP. However, to what extent this translates into a better clinical response is yet to be answered in large and prospective study designs.

Karishma

Background: In dental practice, local anesthesia plays a very important role as it makes the patient more comfortable during his or her procedures. Nevertheless, difficulty in getting adequate anesthesia is still common because of several reasons such as the differences in anatomy, psychological considerations as well as technique related problems. The research paper will identify the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of dental professionals in relation to local anesthetic use and subsequent improvement of pain management in dentistry by establishing areas of weaknesses and suggesting means to address them. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 150 dental practitioners comprising general dentists, dental surgeons as well as specialists was carried out to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices of dental practitioners with regard to local anesthesia. The questionnaire was made to gauge the knowledge of the respondents with regard to anesthetic agent, effects of psychological factors, and how the respondents approach the issue of anesthesia failure in their practice. Analysis was done based on descriptive statistics to give an insight into the common practices and areas of concern. Results: The survey showed that 85 percent of respondents used Lidocaine as their choice of anesthetic, 60 percent of them reported anatomical differences as the major factor of anesthesia efficacy and 85 percent of the respondents reported the critical role of patient anxiety. On the issue of confidence in administering local anesthesia, 40 percent had high confidence and 50 percent had some incidences of poor anesthesia. In case of the failure in anesthesia, 60 percent of practitioners chose to administer higher dosage instead of sending patients to experts. Conclusion: Although the majority of dental practitioners have a good grasp of the knowledge and confidence in the administration of the local anesthesia, there are some areas where improvements can be made, especially when addressing the psychological factors and communicating with patients. Patient-centered care methods and additional training are critical to maximising the efficacy of anesthesia. Keywords: Local anesthesia, Dental practitioners, Knowledge, Patient anxiety, Anesthesia failure.

Journal of scientific innovations in anesthesiology

Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common procedures performed in general surgery. Approximately 20 million hernia surgeries are performed every year worldwide. Conventionally, hernial repair is carried out with the open Lichtenstein technique; however, laparoscopic and robotic inguinal hernia repairs have been developed as a minimally invasive alternative to the classic Lichtenstein repair. The prosthetic mesh can be placed by totally extraperitoneal and transabdominal pre-peritoneal approaches. Choosing the best technique for repairing an inguinal hernia is a challenge because the available data are contradictory. However, a growing number of studies have claimed that robotic-assisted hernia repair is not only feasible and safe, but it is associated with outcomes that are comparable to those obtained with laparoscopy and open surgery, including shorter hospital stay, and fewer complications. The aim of the review article is to provide an overview of the current practice of inguinal hernia repair, with a focus on the advances in robotic-assisted inguinal hernia repair, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this surgical procedure compared to the laparoscopic technique in view of the current reports in the literature.

Karishma

Celiac disease (CeD) is a complex disorder characterized by gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms as well as extraintestinal manifestations, sometimes difficult to diagnose. Commonly referred to as a childhood disease, adult CeD is a well-known entity that should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea or malabsorption syndrome. The pathogenesis involves a genetically mediated autoimmune pathway. In individuals with genetic susceptibility, the mucosa of the small intestine is damaged in response to foods containing gluten. The clinical presentation is variable and ranges from typical GI symptoms to extra-intestinal and systemic manifestations. Clinical improvement and restoration of the intestinal mucosa occur simply by eliminating gluten from the diet. We reported a case of CeD in a young man after 6 years of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), without asserting a clear etiology during this time. In our country, the search for CeD in patients with IDA is usually forgotten and we hereby put it in the spotlight.

Karishma

To improve education quality and governance, the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) has proposed four regulatory entities, including the National Accreditation Council (NAC). To build up India as a universal knowledge giant over the next ten years, the policy promotes equitable educational opportunities and transformative initiatives. To significantly improve the standards for higher education in India, quality control, accreditation, & ranking systems become crucial. With an emphasis on quality, employability, and lifelong learning, the National Education Policy-2020 (NEP-2020) seeks to create a flexible, value-based educational system that integrates 21st-century capabilities. India's higher education is currently at a critical juncture, requiring transformation to enhance its overall contribution to society and address social injustices. This involves examining how information is produced and how students are taught to promote sustainability and social responsibility. Higher education institutions must comprehend and address student expectations regarding quality because the service sector is expanding quickly due to liberalization, privatization, and globalization. As a result, evaluating service quality becomes crucial for future enhancements and feedback. The Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) legislation, 2018, was introduced by the Ministry of Human Resource Development toward the end of June with the goal of repealing the University Grants Commission (UGC) Act, 1956, which has been in place for seven decades. The HECI will interchange with the University Grants Commission (UGC), which has been the foundation of India's college and university structure. This transition analyzes the proposed bill and examines its shortcomings. This advocates that the current bill be unsuccessful in reporting the flaws of the previous official; instead, it merely reflects those issues and will not resolve the long-standing problems of low autonomy and subpar instruction in the higher education system. As the new regulator, HECI's strategy isn't very revolutionary. Regulators who encourage centralization of duties to reduce autonomy must be disregarded at moments when Indian institutions are striving to rank highly in the world.

Dr. awadhesh singh gautam

While today, he was ready to serve 1.4 million meals for schoolchildren, Mr.CC Das, Program Director, Akshaya Patra Foundation from Bangalore also faced the challenges 15-years before its establishment like any other start-up. Similar was the case of Mr.Trilok Gautam, Executive Supervisor, who was working in a remote village called Baran in Rajasthan. On his visit during the mid-day meal preparation, he was inspecting the quality of meal, where women were busy in preparing food. They were preparing bread by rolling the dough, while few were chopping vegetables with utmost hygienic care. Cleaner, safer, quality meal was to be prepared and served for 1,500 poor students. These children earlier used to go hungry from the school. On November 28th 2001, Supreme Court of India gave a verdict and directed the State Government and Union Territories to provide mid-day meal to every child in Government and Government-assisted primary schools. The Right to Food Law emerged as a fundamental right, enforced due to constitutional amendment under Article 32 of the constitution. Hence, every State Government geared up to make the mid-day meal scheme successful in their respective States. The Karnataka government also participated and named this programme as ‘Akshara Dashoha’. Government of Karnataka took the pioneering step to involve NGOs like Akshaya Patra as an important partner of the government to run this innovative mid-day meal scheme under the Public Private Partnership (PPP) Model. Presently, Indian mid-day meal scheme considered as one of the largest mid-day meal programme in the world has a target to reach out nearly 120 million children in the country.

Nitin mali

The use of Capsicum annum L. for culinary purposes dates back centuries. Its medicinal benefits have also been investigated in the past few days. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in 4 different colored (green, yellow, orange, and red) sweet bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) were investigated in 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. Current research is directed at authenticating whether Capsicum can be used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory, comparing the effects of the most used analgesic aspirin. The effects of ethanol extract of Capsicum annum L. were determined for analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion and hot plate test. Animals were divided into ten groups (n=7): (1) Control (2) CAG 200 (3) CAG 400 (4) CAR 200 (5) CAR 400 (6) CAO 200 (7) CAO 400 (8) CAY 200 (9) CAY 400 (10) Standard. All the extracts given intraperitoneally in rat hind paws of seven animals in each treatment group received 200, 400 mg/kg. Acute toxicity was also determined by increasing the dose to 3000 mg/kg, which showed no evidence of mortality. A statistical calculation was performed using SPSS software to compare the effects of aspirin and Capsicum extract. Positive results were obtained as compared to the control group; the analgesic effect was statistically significant (P˂ 0.05). These observations revealed that the fresh fruit extract of four kinds of Bell pepper at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/ kg possesses anti-inflammatory and pain-suppressing activities possibly mediated via PG synthesis inhibition.

Dr. salman ahmed

Assessing students' progress in introductory programming courses is crucial for identifying learning gaps and improving teaching methods. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Moodle-based tests with randomized questions in monitoring student progress in C programming courses at J. Selye University during the 2023/24 academic year. A series of ten tests were administered across two courses, covering essential programming topics such as data types, variables, conditional statements, loops, two-and three-dimensional arrays, recursion, and sorting algorithms. The results revealed significant variations in student performance, with recursion and the pretest/posttest loops presenting the greatest challenges. The correlation analysis of test scores showed strong relationships among related topics, confirming the structured progression of the curriculum. These findings suggest that Moodle-based assessments offer valuable insights into students' learning trajectories, enabling educators to adapt their instructional strategies accordingly. Such insights can help optimize introductory programming curricula, enhancing student engagement and understanding.

Ladislav végh

The present review shares updated data on the botany, distribution, traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. All provided information was obtained through Google Scholar, Pubmed, SciFinder, Scirus, Web of Science and a library search.

Dr. salman ahmed

The identification of isomorphism in epicyclic gear trains has been found a lot of attention by researchers for the last few years. Various methods have been suggested by different authors for the detection of isomorphism in planer kinematic chains and epicyclic gear trains (EGTs), but everyone has found some difficulties to address new issues. In this paper, a modified path matrix approach was presented in order to compare all the distinct geared kinematic mechanisms. A new method based on the matrix approach and corresponding train values is required to identify isomorphism among epicyclic gear trains and their mechanisms. The proposed method was examined on the basis of various examples from four-link, five-link, six links, and eight-link one-degree-of-freedom EGTs and six links two-degree-of-freedom EGTs. All the examples have been found satisfactory results with existing literature.

Jiyaul mustafa

Rasa shastra is aPharmaco – therapeutic branch of Ayurved, incorporates many of the Herbo– mineral – metallic pharmaceutical preparations prepared out of the Parada namely KhalviyaRasayana, ParpatiRasayana, PottaliRasayanaandKupipakwaRasayana.Rasaushadhis are important for their uniqueness in Ayurvedic therapeutics due to lesser doses. KharaliyaRasayanais used in wide range for therapeutic utility and is easy for preparation. Icchabhedi Rasa is one such kharaliyaherbo-mineral formulation mentioned in various Ayurvedic text. Icchabhedi Rasa is a classical preparation commonly used for Virechana. Icchabhedi Rasa is described in various classical texts with some variation of ingredients. Jayapalais the chief ingredient of the preparation having Katu Rasa, UshnaVirya and KatuVipaka. It is well known for its strong purgative action. Though variation is observed in thedescription of these KharaliyaRasayana and compilation of these will help to study in comparative manner.AYU

Suri abhiram

Migratory behaviour in Littorina scabra (Linne 1758) was studied in a mangrove ecosystem and observations were made in their natural habitat or in situ observation in Tanjung Tiram, Ambon. Migratory speed and pattern of L. scabra of different sizes (small and large) particularly in mangrove Sonneratia alba were observed throughout of the February 19th to March 11th, 2019 during the day and night on incoming or outgoing tides and these are usually a 3 hours (270 minutes) observation. Marked snails were used to track the position to investigate their migratory direction and speed during advancing and receding tides. Those organisms migrate up and down the trees following the tidal cycles. This study indicates that small size organisms which live on leaves, branches or trunks move faster than the big organisms and they move faster during the incoming tide than outgoing tide. For a big size L. scabra, they move slower during the incoming tide than the outgoing tide. This behaviour indicates that they move faster to avoid immersion during incoming tide than during the outgoing tide when they move slower because they are searching for food. The migration trials showed different patterns for all sizes of L. scabra and this pattern seems to be influenced by the area of surface they occupy such as leaves, branches or trunks. They tend to move forward in one direction (almost straight line) when they are on a small surface such as trunks and on the larger surface such as leaves and braches most L. scabra of all sizes make different trial patterns such zig-zag.

Irma kesaulya

This report discusses the leadership and management functions by examining their definitions, roles, and characteristics. Besides, the differences are identified, culminating in a discussion of the skills associated with each function.

Zamzam abdelazim

The contribution of financial perspective measures to improving organizational performance is empirically examined in this article. The study examines how financial metrics like ROI, cost control, profitability, and revenue growth relate to organizational effectiveness using the case of MTN Ghana. It is based on the balanced scorecard framework. The study uses a quantitative approach to investigate the relationship between financial performance metrics and important success indicators like market share, operational effectiveness, and shareholder value, using data from a dataset of different companies in multiple industries. The results of the study show how important financial perspective metrics are for reaching competitive advantage and sustainable growth. Businesses that put a high priority on strategic fiscal management typically perform better, especially when it comes to cost-effectiveness, liquidity, and profit margins. But the study also highlights the drawbacks of depending only on financial indicators. To create a more thorough performance evaluation system, it emphasizes the need to combine financial measurements with non-financial indicators like employee development, internal processes, and customer satisfaction. In summary, the study offers practitioners and scholars useful information by offering evidence-based recommendations for enhancing financial strategies. Organizations can develop a balanced approach to performance measurement that promotes long-term success by using both financial and non-financial metrics. The article ends with practical suggestions for businesses looking to increase output and streamline their budgets.

Suleman mohammed yakubu

Urolithiasis is a common worldwide problem with high recurrence. This review covers forty four (44) families starting from alphabet A to L and includes Bignoniaceae (05); Araceae, Burseraceae, Combretaceae (04); Annonaceae, Berberidaceae, Betulaceae, Gentianaceae, Gesneriaceae (03); Aizoaceae, Adiantaceae, Alismataceae, Aristolochiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Bombacaceae, Cannabaceae, Cyperaceae, Geraniaceae and Iridaceae (02); Acoraceae, Adoxaceae, Armatellaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Araliaceae, Averrhoeaceae, Basellaceae, Begoniaceae, Bromeliaceae, Cactaceae, Calophyllaceae, Campanulaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Caricaceae, Celastraceae, Clusiaceae, Dracaenaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Grossulariaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Hypoxidaceae, llecebraceae and Juglandaceae (01) plant used globally in different countries. The plants of three families Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Lamiaceae are revisited to provide updated information. This review will not only be useful for the general public but also attract the scientific world for antiurolithiatic drug discovery.

Dr. salman ahmed

Brain tumors (BTs) are deadly diseases that can strike people of every age, all over the world. Every year, thousands of people die of brain tumors. Brain-related diagnoses require caution, and even the smallest error in diagnosis can have negative repercussions. Medical errors in brain tumor diagnosis are common and frequently result in higher patient mortality rates. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for tumor evaluation and detection. However, MRI generates large amounts of data, making manual segmentation difficult and laborious work, limiting the use of accurate measurements in clinical practice. As a result, automated and dependable segmentation methods are required. Automatic segmentation and early detection of brain tumors are difficult tasks in computer vision due to their high spatial and structural variability. Therefore, early diagnosis or detection and treatment are critical. Various traditional Machine learning (ML) techniques have been used to detect various types of brain tumors. The main issue with these models is that the features were manually extracted. To address the aforementioned insightful issues, this paper presents a hybrid deep transfer learning (GN-AlexNet) model of BT tri-classification (pituitary, meningioma, and glioma). The proposed model combines GoogleNet architecture with the AlexNet model by removing the five layers of GoogleNet and adding ten layers of the AlexNet model, which extracts features and classifies them automatically. On the same CE-MRI dataset, the proposed model was compared to transfer learning techniques (VGG-16, AlexNet, SqeezNet, ResNet, and MobileNet-V2) and ML/DL. The proposed model outperformed the current methods in terms of accuracy and sensitivity (accuracy of 99.51% and sensitivity of 98.90%).

Mehdhar s. a. m. al-gaashani

The valuable effects of regular exercise for promotion of health and therapy of diseases were obviously evaluated. The notion that exercise can be considered as a medication has been hypothesized. The growing problems of obesity and non-communicable diseases have placed a great burden on public health experts to promote physical literacy and physical activity among the modern day population. Physical literacy and physical activity have become the cornerstones of women’s health. Women have certain special needs that includes reproductive health. Increased physical activity and maintaining normal body image and body weight will help a woman attain physical, mental and spiritual development. With the growing number of women with obesity and the implication of obesity as one of the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension, stroke and osteoarthritis, a knowledge and awareness about physical activity is essential. Thus, physical activity is a fundamental aspect of the improvement of motor skills and work performance, allowing a better healthy lifestyle. Physical exercise is effective to be measured as a drug, however, more care should be considered to the dosing and individual variations between genders.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Concrete is a material which is used in construction. Weight of concrete plays a major role in the construction industry. If the weight of the concrete is increased, it will pose more structural problems on the later date of construction. It also increases the cost of construction, without any specific benefit. So if lightweight concrete is used, it not only reduces cost of construction, but also not poses any structural problems unnecessarily. Light weight concrete also aids workers in smooth handling of materials. In this study, vermiculite in the form of exfoliated form is used to replace partially natural sand. By this action dead weight of the structure is reduced. Once the dead weight of structure is reduced, it in turn reduces cost of construction. In this study three mixes were casted with the cement content of 383 kg/m3 in M20 concrete and the water cement ratio of 0.45 is chosen. Vermiculite at 10%, 20% and 30% are choosing to partially replace the natural sand. The Tests conducted on concrete for evaluating mechanical properties include compressive strength and split tensile strength. For evaluating durability properties, tests like acid resistance, sulphate resistance, chlorine penetration and water absorption.

Kiran kumar narasimhan

Various types of security attacks are normal in vehicular communication networks. The current study uses a support vector machine to implement a Point to Point Critical Path Monitoring (P2PCPM) based Denial of Service (DOS) Attack detection technique for Vehicular Communication Network (VCN) resource management. Greatest quality of P2PCPM is that it eliminates attacked nodes from the network for the smooth process of vehicular communication. This scheme works well in terms of accuracy as well as attack detection rate. The whole simulation is made and tried by utilizing MATLAB Software. Simulation result shows 99% accuracy in case of security attack detection as well as reduced training and testing error upto 2%. Experimental results indicate that this scheme has a great efficiency and works well up to 1000 nodes, which is the limitation of current implementation. In future, simulation test may be done for unlimited nodes using similar or other techniques of attack detection.

Vartika agarwal