Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is critical in maintaining brain interstitial fluid balance and providing hydromechanical protection. Lumbar puncture (LP) is a common invasive procedure for obtaining CSF samples to evaluate central nervous system infections and cancers and measure intracranial pressure. While LP is generally considered safe, it is associated with both minor and major complications. Post-LP meningitis occurs in approximately 50% of spinal anesthesia cases and 9% of diagnostic LPs. Additionally, over 70% of diagnostic LPs result in minor bleeding, which can lead to serious outcomes such as spinal epidural hematoma, nerve damage, or paralysis. Significant consequences of LP include headaches and hearing loss; however, other rare complications, such as cerebral herniation and CSF leak syndrome, must be considered carefully. This review synthesizes findings from multiple studies published in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, highlighting the need for further research on the complications and interventions related to this commonly performed procedure.

Karishma

Background: There is great promise for improving nutrition and health thanks to phytonutrients' antioxidant qualities and health advantages. Their capacity to combat oxidative stress and associated illnesses emphasizes the importance of precisely evaluating their antioxidant characteristics. Objective: This study concludes by providing a comprehensive and critical critique of the current approaches to measure the antioxidant activity of phytonutrients. It dives into the fundamentals, benefits, drawbacks, and most recent developments of commonly used antioxidant assays, giving the reader a comprehensive grasp of the topic. This recapitulation of the review's goal in the end reinforces the reader's primary takeaway. Methods: Research on several antioxidant tests, such as FRAP, ORAC, DPPH, and ABTS, is consolidated in this review. It looks at each assay's performance traits, technological advances, and techniques. The review also assesses the incorporation of many assays to thoroughly examine phytonutrient potency and its uses in the food industry and nutritional science. Results: The review shows how antioxidant tests have advanced significantly, improving sensitivity, accuracy, and physiological relevance. It demonstrates how these tests can be used practically to guarantee food quality, create supplements, and offer nutritional advice. The paper also lists the difficulties today, including the intricacy of antioxidant mechanisms, test variability, and the requirement for assay standardization. The practical value of the research is emphasized by highlighting the significance of antioxidant tests for quality assurance, adulteration detection, and shelf life extension in the food business. Discussion: Scientists, doctors, and business experts interested in evaluating and applying phytonutrients will find this review helpful. It emphasizes how crucial it is to improve antioxidant testing to ascertain the possible health advantages and therapeutic uses of phytonutrients. The review highlights the need for increased test sensitivity, accuracy, and relevance while discussing the benefits and drawbacks of the available techniques. It draws attention to the importance of strong and trustworthy antioxidant tests to maximize the use of phytonutrients in food quality control and pharmaceutical research. Prospects: Future directions seek to address the challenges discovered through the development of multidisciplinary research and testing technologies. Novel approaches will advance our knowledge of phytonutrient potency and aid in developing medicines and nutraceuticals. This study highlights the significance of trustworthy assays for understanding and utilizing phytonutrients, providing academics and professionals in the business with vital insights.

Dr. salman ahmed

The presented study initially attempted to discover bergenin as an antiemetic compound isolated from Peltophorum roxburghii L. leaves. It is the extension of antiemetic activity from the methanol extract of Peltophorum roxburghii L. leaves. The antiemetic activity was assessed using copper sulfate-induced emesis in the chick’s model. Bergenin (25 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited significant antiemetic activity compared to the standard drug, chlorpromazine. This is the first time that bergenin has declared antiemetic activity. Bergenin has already been evaluated positively for its anti-inflammatory activity, and this paper will report its antiemetic activity. Both the activities of the same compound may be beneficial for drug design against the disease, as they have anti-inflammatory and antiemetic symptoms like migraines. The preliminary antiemetic evaluation of bergenin was conducted on a single dose due to the low yield of Bergenin. However, the result was significant in terms of the standard used. Further, the isolation and purification of Bergenin are in the process of establishing detailed data on different doses of Bergenin.

Dr. salman ahmed

Finance is a key component for entrepreneurial survival , growth and sustainability. Adequacy and consistency in finance is important for healthy entrepreneurial status . The participation of women, SC, ST, OBCs in the financial facilities provided by the govt through Swavalamban Scheme will invite social inclusion in the state .

Md. abdur rahman choudhury

Epithelial cells, lining the skin and internal organs, play a crucial role as protective barriers and regulators of substance transport. Traditionally, these cells were not considered to employ electrical signaling for communication. However, recent investigations have unveiled that epithelial cells generate slow electrical signals, termed the "silent scream," in response to injury, thus challenging conventional views of intercellular communication. A recent experimental investigation provided compelling evidence for this phenomenon, demonstrating the ability of these cells to transmit electrical signals over considerable distances within the epithelium. The research utilized microelectrode array chips to precisely detect subtle electrical events in keratinocytes and Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, revealing spiking activity characterized by slow propagation speeds, distinct from the rapid action potentials of neurons. The mechanisms underlying this novel signaling are explored, focusing on the involvement of mechanosensitive ion channels, calcium signaling, and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release. Calcium ions, well-established intracellular messengers, appear to play a central role in this biological phenomenon. Integrating this newly discovered communication mode into the existing understanding of skin cell biology reveals a more intricate picture of how skin senses and responds to its environment. The implications of this finding extend to various facets of skin physiology and pathology, including wound healing, inflammation, and skin aging. In wound healing, where endogenous electric fields guide cell migration and promote repair, this unique type of electrical signaling potentially plays a crucial part. Furthermore, aberrant electrical signaling might contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions, and age-related changes in this signaling could underlie the functional decline observed in aged skin. The potential for other environmental stressors to trigger the epithelial-generated electric signals also warrants investigation. The exploration concludes by discussing potential technological applications, such as bioelectric sensors and enhanced wound healing therapies, and future research directions aimed at further elucidating the molecular mechanisms and functional roles of this non-excitable cell electrophysiology.

Mostafa eissa

Numerous initiatives to rely on new renewable energy sources, such solar electricity, have been sparked by the increased interest in global warming. With an increase in home photovoltaic (PV) panels that are available to the public, more precise calculations of energy generation are now possible. Segmenting satellite images offers a straightforward and inexpensive way to categorize solar panels..This work suggests a method for classifying and segmenting solar panels that combines the watershed algorithm with deep learning approaches. First, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture with the ResNet, EfficientNet, and Inception architectures is used for classification. Through the fine-tuning of pre-trained networks on a heterogeneous dataset of solar panels, transfer learning improves performance. The categorization model recognizes solar panels in a variety of settings with accuracy, making maintenance and monitoring easier. After classification, the watershed method uses intensity gradients to precisely delineate solar panels from the background. Tasks like defect detection and layout optimization are made easier when deep learning-based classification and watershed segmentation are combined. The outcomes of the experiments show how well the suggested method performs in terms of segmenting and classifying solar panels under various circumstances. A flexible automated solar panel management solution is provided by the combination of deep learning and the watershed algorithm, which promotes increased sustainability and efficiency in solar energy systems.

Bakka arun kumar

Inhalation of a gas anesthetic produces rapid induction of anesthesia without the need for intravenous drugs. Although it is specifically useful for patients who are afraid of injections or if their intravenous access is difficult, single-breath induction may also allow patients to wake up more quickly than intravenous induction drugs. The object of this study is to compare isoflurane and sevoflurane during inhalation in Libyan patients undergoing surgery in terms of side effects like blood pressure and heart rate changes and complications. Seventy- five patients were recruited in this study from different hospitals in Benghazi City, Libya (January to March, 2022) including Aljalaa Hospital and Alatfal Hospital, and data including side effects and complications were collected through data collection. Surgeries that used isoflurane, or sevoflurane or both inhalation gases for anesthesia were included in our data. While the surgeries which did not use any of these inhalation gases were excluded from our data. When we compared the side effects of using isoflurane with sevoflurane according to the age group, we found that hypotension is the most occurring side effect companies to the use of isoflurane in our adult population (28.6%) and in pediatrics (14.3%) but there was a low incidence of other side effects related to sevoflurane administration. Regarding to side effects related to the use of sevoflurane according to the age groups, 16 adult Libyan patients experienced no side effects (61.5%) compared to 10 children (38.5%). It can be concluded that both isoflurane and sevoflurane are suitable for daycare anesthesia. Sevoflurane might be an ideal drug for single-breath inhaled induction of anesthesia due to it has fewer side effects and complications.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Study DesignA multicenter retrospective study. ObjectivesTo determine the rate of Apex facet fusion in children with Early Onset Scoliosis treated surgically with the Active Apex Correction (APC) technique. MethodsSeventeen patients were treated with the APC technique as index surgery for Early Onset Scoliosis with more than 1 year of follow-up. A 3D CT scan was done to determine the facet fusion rate in the deformity’s apex controlled with posterior tethering. ResultsThe average follow-up time was 26.4 months (12-56), Average age at index surgery was 81.2 months (30-132), and average number of surgeries done 1.3. Apical vertebrae studied for facet fusion were the 3 vertebrae in the apex in each patient that were subjected to posterior tethering according to the APC technique. In total they were 86 apical vertebrae (172 Facets studied with 86 convex side, 86 concave side). Our observations showed that 29 facet joints were fused (16% of the total facets studied),15 were on the convex, 14 on the concave side (no statistically significant difference). Regarding the facet joint distance in the non-fused facets was 0.99 mm on the convex side and 1.08 mm on the concave side with no statistical significance difference. ConclusionAPC for Early Onset Scoliosis achieves apical growth modulation and control utilizing posterior tethering without inducing fusion. This study demonstrated that APC is an effective non-fusion technique through the low incidence of facet fusion levels at the Apex, limiting the crankshaft phenomena seen in cases with apex control through arthrodesis.

Mohamad banat

Tobacco smoking negatively affects the quality of saliva and affects many biological parameters including salivary α-amylase enzyme activity. Salivary α-amylase enzyme is essential for the catabolism of carbohydrates. Forty- five healthy male volunteers aged between 18 and 69 years (40.0 ± 15.0) were divided into two groups, namely, the control group (n = 21) and the cigarette smoker group (n = 24). The effect of smoking on salivary α-amylase enzyme activity depends on the number of smoked cigarettes per day and the type of cigarettes as well as the period for how long the person smoking tobacco cigarettes was investigated. Different methods were used to analyze the activity of salivary α-amylase enzyme including the dinitrosalicylic acid method (standard colorimetric method). The results showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in salivary α-amylase activity in Libyan smokers compared to the non-smokers in the morning and night, also, the findings showed a significant decline in salivary α-amylase activity during the increasing smoking period. The activity of salivary α-amylase in the young age smokers group increases in morning and night compared to the non-smokers group. There is no change in the activity of salivary α-amylase in the middle and older adult groups in the morning and night compared to young smokers group. In conclusion, smoking for a long period time more than 20 cigarettes per day decreases the activity of salivary α-amylase in Libyan subjects.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Project management plays significant roles to the success of the project. The aim of the study is to review and analyze latest literature on the effects of triple constraints on the project outcome. The study is based on the secondary method whereas literatures are collected form the google scholar ranging from 2010 to 2023. After reviewing the literature, the study concludes a number of findings. The quality of the project is highly depended on the time and budget. However, inadequate management, stakeholders involvement are also play crucial roles towards project success. The study concludes a number policy recommendations.

Nazim ullah

Financial Inclusion is emerging as a new paradigm of economic growth that plays major role in driving away the poverty from the country. It refers to delivery of banking services to masses including privileged and disadvantaged people at an affordable terms and conditions. Financial inclusion is important priority of the country in terms of economic growth and advances of society. It enables to reduce the gap between rich and poor population. In the current scenario financial institutions are the robust pillars of progress, economic growth and development of the economy. When and where all citizens are participated in financial system, the economy and system will become very strong. In this regard the research article was focuses on customer perceptions towards inclusive banking practices.

Dr tatayya bommali

আলোচ্য প্রবন্ধের কালানুক্রমিক উৎস একটি ঔপনিবেশিকতার সীমাবদ্ধতায় থাকা ভূখণ্ড এবং সেই সমাজের মেয়েদের সভা, সমিতি ও আলোচনা সভা গঠন। স্বাধীনতার পূর্বকাল অর্থে, ১৯৪৭ সালের আগে পর্যন্ত সময়কাল। কালের নিরিখে প্রাক – স্বাধীনতা সময়কালের বিস্তার দীর্ঘ হলেও, এর আলোচনার সময়কাল কেবলমাত্র নারী সংগঠনের সূচনা বা উৎসের সময় থেকেই আলোচ্যের। সেই সময়কাল দুভাগে ভাগ করা যায়। এক, এদেশের মেয়েদের সভা – সমিতি গঠনের পূর্বকাল। দুই, এদেশের মেয়েদের সভা – সমিতি গঠনের শুরু। এক্ষেত্রে, আলোচ্য প্রবন্ধের নিরিখে আলোচনা করা যায় দু-প্রকারে। এক, উনিশ শতকের মেয়েদের তৈরি সভা, সমিতি ইত্যাদি। দুই, সমাজ-বহির্ভূত মন্দ মেয়েদের যোগদান করা সভা, সমিতি বা আলোচনা সভা। এক্ষেত্রে ভাষার ব্যবহার সূচিত – সভা হিসেবেই লিখিত ও আলোচিত হবে।

Mou

The present study is designed to determine the types of secondary metabolites in three selected seed powders using a fast, reliable, and non-destructive Near Infra Red spectroscopic analytical technique. NIRS analysis of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Phaseolus lunatus Linn., and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn., seed flours were used to qualitatively evaluate secondary metabolites. The fine powder of crude drug was directly applied to FOSS XDS near the infrared Rapid Content Analyzer. The adequately filled powdered sample in a disposable glass silicate vial closed with a plastic lid was centrally placed onto the Foss Rapid Content Analyzer sample presentation glass. The scanning of samples at ambient temperature gives NIR spectra within 30 seconds. The major proposed compounds in M. uniflorum were 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, kaempferol, linolenic acid, niacin, quercetin, sinapinic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid. Whereas coumaric acid, fructose, galactose, L-serine, raffinose, stachyose, sucrose, threonine, and tyrosine were detected in P. lunatus, and the NIR suggested the presence of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapinic acid, phytic acid, leucine, and valine in P. vulgaris. NIRS is an advanced innovative technology extensively used in chemical, food, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries for rapid and reliable standardization. The present study revealed an excellent correlation to conclude that flour samples of all three legume seeds could be added to the food system to achieve nutritional and functional benefits.

Dr. salman ahmed

Although the importance of service quality has been recognised, few studies have addressed service quality in hotels from the perspective of employees. Therefore, this study aims to measure the service quality of four and five-star hotels in Jordan from the employees’ perspective based on the SERVQUAL model. The current study was carried out by measuring the data gathered according to a five-point Likert scale. A quantitative survey method was applied, and therefore the SERVQUAL instrument was used to measure service quality. Data obtained from a sample of 238 respondents drawn from ten four- and five-star hotels in Jordan were analysed with the SPSS software based on descriptive statistics. The study’s findings indicated that service quality of five-star hotels in Jordan was higher than that of four-star hotels.

Mukhles m. al-ababneh

The drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are actions or events that occur when two or more drugs administered together, may cause a clinical significance or not. There are certain factors that may affect the severity of DDIs such as age, gender, number of drugs prescribed, and physician specialists. This study aims to answer: Is there DDI in Libyan community pharmacies? In addition, to explore the factors that might be affecting DDI. Drug Interactions Checkers are used. 200 prescriptions were collected randomly from two different areas ( high and low income),100 from each one and were used to investigate the DDIs by using two different sources (Drugs.com and BNF platforms), bearing in mind, age, gender, prescribers’ specialty, and drug number (prescription size). A personal interview questionnaire with pharmacists for investigate a source of DDI knowledge was considered. The correlation test was used to analysis the findings. The randomly selected sample has 316 drug combinations. The study has revealed a minimum of three drugs (46.0%). In general, Drugs.com was the richer source of DDI than BNF (66.5% and 34.5%, respectively). It is found that 66.5% (67.0% of this is moderate DDI) of these combinations have DDI by Drugs.com. A significant correlation between DDI and gender (male > female, p = 0.035) was found. In a state of residential areas, the results are similar in both selected pharmacies. Most moderate DDIs (21.0% and 15.0%) are prescribed by orthopedics and psychiatrists, respectively. The observational interview questionnaire indicated that 100% of the participating pharmacists had no source of knowledge regarding DDI, 100% of 200 prescriptions had no chick it regarding DDI and 100% of found DDI is released to use by community pharmacies to patients. More than half of the prescribed drug combinations have DDIs (classified as moderate DDIs), and all of them are released for use by pharmacists.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

There has been an increasing awareness about the importance of herbal plants in therapeutic uses which are safe, efficient and induce little side effects This study was based on the evaluation of antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Oleaeuropaea (Olive tree) and Ficuscarica (Fig tree), alone and in combination, against enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) strain using well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration. The results revealed that the Oleaeuropaea leave extract is more potent than the Ficuscarica leave extract against E. faecalis, as the zone of inhibition was 23 mm and 3 mm, respectively. By mixing both extracts, the results showed a slight synergistic effect, as the zones of inhibition were 20 mm, 24 mm, 24 mm and 25 mm for 1:1, 1:3, 1:6 and 1:9 ratios of the Oleaeuropaea leave and the Ficuscarica leave extracts, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration for E. faecalis growth was 200 mg/ml for the Oleaeuropaea leave alone, Ficuscarica and mixed with Ficuscarica. The present findings conclude a potent antibacterial activity of the olive and fig leave, and, their potential as a source of drug in the treatment of E. faecalis infections is suggested.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Nig. J. Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 38 (Issue 1, 2025) e-ISSN 2756-4045 (C) 2025 Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, Univ. of Ilorin, Nigeria www.njpas.com.ng Corresponding Author: Okechukwu, C.O. Department of Food Science and Technology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria Email: obedemeka51@gmail.com; +2347066896556 Page |5143 Evaluation of the Effects of Boiling on the Nutrient and Phytonutrient Composition of (Aduh) Aerial Yam Tubers *1 Okechukwu, C.O. 2 Odo, P.C. and 1 Igwesi, L. U. 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria 2 Department of Food Technology, Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Enugu State, Nigeria Date Received: 13-05-2024 Date Accepted: 21-10-2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.48198/NJPAS/24.B06 ABSTRACT This study investigates proximate, mineral and phytonutrient composition of raw and boiled yam (Aduh) flour samples. The aduh samples were divided into two equal portions. The tubers were sorted by removal of defected tubers and divided into two equal portions of one kilogram each for the pre-treatments One portion was processed raw and the second potion was subjected to boiling treatment. The proximate and mineral composition was analyzed using the method of AOAC, (2010) while the method described by Onwuka (2005) was employed in determining the phytonutrient content. The results of the proximate composition showed that the raw aduh sample had moisture content (6.37%), ash (2.33%), crude fibre (3.64%), crude protein content (9.81%), crude fat (3.86%), carbohydrate (77.21%) and energy value of 369.94%. The values of the raw sample were higher than that of the boiled sample due to the leaching away of nutrients into the boiling water. The mineral composition showed that the flours contained 205.60 – 316.31 μg/100g calcium, 139.00 – 161.00 μg/100g magnesium, 440 – 920.00 μg/100g potassium, 550.00 – 640.00 μg/100g sodium, 590.00 – 1735 μg/100g iron and 152.00 – 412.00 μg/100g zinc, respectively. The phytonutrient composition of the raw aduh flour were alkaloids (2.16%), flavonoids (1.75%), saponins (1.27%), tannin (0.21%) and phytate (1.88%) were significantly (p<0.05) reduced during boiling treatment process. Boiling treatment led to great reduction of the anti-nutritional factors. However, a slight reduction in the nutrient parameters was observed for the boiled sample but such reduction cannot be compared with the positive gains of removal of antinutrients. Thus, it is recommended that Aduh be properly cooked for at least 60 min before consumption.

Okechukwu obed chukwuemeka

Behavioral finance theory highlights how psychological factors can lead to poor investment decisions, which may threaten investors' trust in the stock market, discourage investments, and hinder economic growth. This study aims to examine how behavioral finance factors, particularly herding bias and overconfidence bias, influence investment decision on the Indonesia Stock Exchange through risk perception. The research was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to 120 Gen Z stock investors and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results show that herding and overconfidence biases have a significant positive influence on risk perception. Both herding and overconfidence biases have indirect positive influences on investment decision through risk perception. Although overconfidence bias and risk perception can directly affect investment decision, herding bias fails to do so. These findings highlight the importance of considering an individual's behavioral biases and risk perception, while policymakers should devise strategies to mitigate their impacts; so that investors can benefit from investing, which may eventually lead to the growth of the national economy.

L

The present review shares an updated data on the botany, distribution, traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Phaseolus lunatus L. All provided information was obtained through Google Scholar, Pubmed, Sci Finder, Scirus, Web of Science and library search.

Dr. salman ahmed

This chapter discusses the effects of stimuli that combine sexuality and aggression. It outlines the debate over aggressive versus nonaggressive pornography and discusses the frequency of aggressive pornography and bases for concern. Aggressive pornography and sexual arousal is explored in the chapter wherein initial findings, victim's responses, individual differences, context of assessment, and conclusions are discussed. The chapter reviews the effects of aggressive pornography on responses other than aggression wherein it has discussed about changes in sexual responsiveness, fantasies, and perceptions and attitudes. The effects of aggressive pornography on aggression are explored in the chapter wherein research findings are discussed in detail and summary of effects on aggression, theoretical analyses, and the construct validity of assessing aggression are also described. The data across the laboratory and field experiments discussed in this chapter raise a variety of theoretical and empirical issues that should be addressed in future research. Particularly noteworthy are questions concerning stimuli, subject, and setting characteristics.

John dolores