Bhaishajya kalpana is an art and science of preparing and dispencing medicine. Guggulu is a Niryasa (oily latex) achieved from small tree called Indian bedellium. Botanical name is commiphora mukul. Guggulu is an amorphous, translucent, solid adhesive, oleo-gum resin is produced by the process of gummosis from its plant. Many other Ayurvedic classics have mentioned various formulations of Guggulu for the treatment of various ailments. Bhashajya ratnawali followed various kalpana use for formuations. Guggulu kalpana is secondary formulations of bhaishajya kalpana. . Guggulu is one among the best binding agents and its used as single or compound drug in the form of pills, Formulations which contains Guggulu as main ingredient, they can be called as Guggulu kalpana. Here in Bhaishajya Ratnawali, Guggulu is used in yoga for both purposes, as a base and as well as medicament also.In bhaishajya Ratnavali Guggulu when modified into different formulations. It can also be used in many diseases along with different combinations of drugs with their anupana, Guggulu kalpana beneficial in treating many diseases. The Guggulu Kalpana is indicated in almost all the strotovikaras and also a number of research works have been proved the wide range of action of Guggulu .

Suri abhiram

The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximate and micronutrient composition, physical, biochemical and sensory properties of the bread produced from blends of wheat, acha, uzaaku and unere composite flours. Six samples (A-F) were produced in the following ratios A= 100:0:0 (100% Wheat), B= 80% wheat flour, 10% acha, 5% uzaaku flour, 5% unere; C = 70% wheat flour, 10% acha, 10% uzaaku flour, 10% unere; D = 60% wheat flour, 15% acha, 15% uzaaku flour, 10% unere; E = 50% wheat flour, 20% acha, 15% uzaaku flour, 15% unere; F = 40% wheat flour, 20% acha, 20% uzaaku flour, 20% unere. The parameters were analyzed using standard methods. The proximate composition of the bread showed significant increase (p<0.05) in protein, fat, crude fibre, ash, and caloric (energy) value which ranged between 7.69-18.32%, 2.41-3.70%, 2.473.86%, 3.09-4.03%, and 285.25-304.06 (Kcal/kg) and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in moisture content (20.72-26.14%) and carbohydrate (49.37-58.20%), respectively. The micronutrient content showed increase in calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, vitamin B1, B2, B3, A and C as the amount of substituted flour blends increases. The result of the physical properties showed decrease in the loaf weight, loaf height, loaf volume and specific volume ranged from 240.60-218.80 g, 3.33-6.66 cm, 155.00-205.00 cm3, 0.71-0.85 cm3/g, respectively. The result of the serum biochemical parameters of rats fed the composite bread samples showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in AST, ALT, ALP, Bilirubin, creatine, urea and albumin values, respectively. The sensory attributes of the bread showed significant differences (p<0.05) in colour, aroma, taste, crumb texture and general acceptability such that the values obtained ranged from 6.05-8.90, 6.008.45, 6.40-8.60, 5.85-8.30 and 6.10-8.35, respectively. The findings of the study showed that supplementation of wheat with 10% acha, 10% uzaaku and 10% unere flour blends could produce well accepted bread samples.

Okechukwu obed chukwuemeka

This study was aimed to develop lomustine loaded chitosan nanoparticles using a homogenization and spray drying technique. Effect of crosslinking agents (sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), and sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP)) were studied on the leaching of drug, water uptake of hydrogels, drug release from matrix and its mechanism. Nanoparticles were obtained in the average size range of 111±16.2 to 942±11.7 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) from 0.116±0.039 to 0.517±0.037. Zeta potential of nanoparticles was ranged from 29.0±1.1 to 56.0±1.1 mV. The % encapsulation effi ciency of nanoparticles ranged between 58±0.88% and 96±0.51%.nanoparticles were coated with PEG 6000 to modulate drug release. Swelling index of chitosan-TPP and chitosan-TPP-PEG nanoparticles was about 428% and 350% over the 4 h and it was more (about 465% and 395%) for chitosan-HMP and chitosan-HMP-PEG nanoparticles. Drug release was sustained and diffusion controlled. Optimized formulation was tested for anticancer activity and drug retention study. Cytotoxicity on human lung cancer cell line L132 was studied by trypan blue dye exclusion test. Drug loaded nanoparticles killed L132 cells more effi ciently than the corresponding drug alone (p< 0.05). Due to the increased surface area lomustine loaded TPP and HMP crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles showed better anticancer activity.

Archana mehrotra

Objective: Pyrazolopyrimidines are heterocyclic molecules containing nitrogen as the main composition, and hence, they exhibit pharmacological efficacy. They are analogs of purines so that possessing wide applications in the field of medicinal chemistry. The main objective of this study is to synthesize different derivatives of pyrazole-pyrimidine classes by adopting simple methodology as well as by employing green chemistry. The purpose of the synthesis of these molecules is to study the antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell lines. Methods: After literature studies, it makes us to involve in the research of synthetic organic chemistry, especially to synthesize new compounds of pyrazolopyrimidines. We are reported solvent-free synthesis of pyrazolo [3,4-d]-pyrimidine-thiones through ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, thiourea, and different benzaldehydes. An ionic liquid 2-methyl-imidazolium-oxalate catalyzed the reactions under ultrasonication bath. Both conventional and ultrasonic methods were employed and comparison studies have been made. It was found that ultrasonic method completed the reaction quicker than the conventional method. All the synthesized compounds were confirmed their structures by 1 HNMR, Fourier transform infrared, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis spectra. The compounds were tested for in vitro anticancer activity against EAC cell lines. Most compounds revealed significant anticancer activity relative to doxorubicin as a positive control with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Results: Ultrasonication method is a simple method under which all the reactions were completed at faster time (<7 min) compared to the convention method. Among eight molecules, 8a and 8d completed the reactions at a faster rate. We reported IC50 values of all the molecules, in which 8e and 8g were exhibited excellent potency against EAC cell lines at different concentrations .

Dr ganesh n yallappa

Background: The deliberate postponement of significant academic assignments with due dates is known as academic procrastination. The undesirable habit known as procrastination is the inability to start or finish a task within the allotted time, which results in detrimental effects on students' future employment, as well as stress, guilt, poor academic achievement, and low self-esteem. Method: Descriptive Research design was adopted for a study to assess the Variables influencing Nursing students' Academic Procrastination at selected Nursing college of Bhopal, M.P. Sample size 60 B.Sc. Nursing students. Result: Result revealed that majority of students were females, 27 out of 60 were in age group of 20-21yeras, 25 (41.6%) were studying in B.Sc. N 3rd year. Most of students resided in Rural area (36), 54 out of 60 belong to nuclear family and 35 mothers of students were educated as compared to 51 fathers. The mean score and SD of influencing variables of academic procrastination were as follows Personal variable was 2.6 ± 0.48, Environmental 2.26 ± 0.71, and Academic was 1.78 ± 0.41. Majority of nursing students 39 (65%) were moderately affected by Personal variables, Environmental variables affected 23 (38%) students moderately and academic variables affected 17 (28%) students moderately. Only Personal factor had more effect on 5 students as compared to none in other two variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that Environmental and personal factor had more effect on Academic procrastination as compared to academic variables.

Dr k c yadav

The study of diabetes is not only limited to particular symptoms, but it is consequently affects the pathological and functional changes in the metabolic pathways of human body system. In those symptomatic diseases various drugs are used to treat the diabetes such as biosimilar therapy including use of insulin and insulin analogues, oral hypoglycaemic agents and various other complementary medicines. In understanding of suggested potential antidiabetic, effect of M. charaantia Linn. on fasting blood sugar levels and its biochemical analysis in alloxan- induced diabetic rats were investigated. The extracts of M. charaantia Linn. Produced a significant antidiabetic activity at normal dose levels of their lethal doses. A comparison between the action of reduction in blood glucose level in different dose forms of M. charantia extract and Std. drug were seen. An oral glucose tolerance or oral tolerance test were performed with the use of glucose strip Accu-check meter. The different extract viz. ethanol extract + water, petroleum ether + Isopropyl alcohol extract were used for further dosing purpose. The ethanol + water extract were showed significant (P<0.001) antidiabetic activity. In alloxan induced rat model blood glucose level were as, 214.5±5 mg/dLfor std.drug and 216.5±5 mg/dL in comparison with diabetic control 225.5±5 mg/dL. An ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis and p-values less than 0.01 compared to normal group and 0.05 compared to diabetic control group were considered statistically significant. The extract of M.charantia Linn. from seed at the dose of 250 mg/kg, significantly shows the better result in reduction of blood glucose level as compared to the concentration of 500 mg/kg. The increased level of glucose due to the damage of pancreas showed regeneration of pancreatic enzymes by extract of M. charaantia Linn. Which were damaged by alloxan treatment. These solvent extract also balance the body weight loss in diabetic rat, hence the present extract shows the potential to act as antidiabetic drug.

Dr. wahul umesh b

Nano technology refers to enhancing the function and delivering the upcoming smart solutions to products at the nanoscale level. It relates to organizing the molecules for altering in dimension and characteristic for improvement like smart fabric. These fabrics could assist producers with the added prominence on a standard of living, visual attraction, and system wanted technological produces. Nanosize particles can unveil unpredicted characteristics dissimilar from the bulk matter. The fundamental principle is that the features could radically be altered after the material is decreased to the nanometer scale. Nanotechnology has multipurpose functions in fabric manufacturing in producing the stain and wrinkles defiance, flame retardant, antimicrobial and antistatic properties, moisture control, ultraviolet protection, and release features. The nanomaterials inside the fabric could influence numerous qualities, comprising reduction, electrical conductivity, flammability, and strength. Nanotechnology has additionally created a significant impression on various application and implementation. Nano-doctored fabrics may advance numerous fabrications as the nano-science progresses further.

Munima haque

This paper proposes EPyNet, a deep learning architecture designed for energy reduced audio emotion recognition.In the domain of audio based emotion recognition, where discerning emotional cues from audio input is crucial, the integration of artificial intelligence techniques has sparked a transformative shift in accuracy and performance.Deep learning , renowned for its ability to decipher intricate patterns, spearheads this evolution. However, the energy efficiency of deep learning models, particularly in resource-constrained environments, remains a pressing concern. Convolutional operations serve as the cornerstone of deep learning systems. However, their extensive computational demands leading to energy-inefficient computations render them as not ideal for deployment in scenarios with limited resources. Addressing these challenges, researchers came up with one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) array convolutions, offering an alternative to traditional two-dimensional CNNs, with reduced resource requirements. However , this array-based operation reduced the resource requirement, but the energy-consumption impact was not studied. To bridge this gap, we introduce EPyNet, a deep learning architecture crafted for energy efficiency with a particular emphasis on neuron reduction. Focusing on the task of audio emotion recognition, We evaluate EPyNet on five public audio corpora-RAVDESS, TESS, EMO DB, CREMA D, and SAVEE.We propose three versions of EPyNet, a lightweight neural network designed for efficient emotion recognition, each optimized for different trade-offs between accuracy and energy efficiency. Experimental results demonstrated that the 0.06M EPyNet reduced energy consumed by 76.5% while improving accuracy by 5% on RAVDESS, 25% on TESS, and 9.75% on SAVEE. The 0.2M and 0.9M models reduced energy consumed by 64.9% and 70.3%, respectively. Additionally, we compared our Proposed 0.06M system with the MobileNet models on the CIFAR-10 dataset and achieved significant improvements. The 1035 proposed system reduces energy by 86.2% and memory by 95.7% compared to MobileNet, with a slightly lower accuracy of 0.8%. Compared to MobileNetV2, it improves accuracy by 99.2% and reduces memory by 93.8%. When compared to MobileNetV3, it achieves 57.2% energy reduction, 85.1% memory reduction, and a 24.9% accuracy improvement. We further test the scalability and robustness of the proposed solution on different data dimensions and frameworks.

Jiby mariya jose

A novel, simple, accurate, sensitive, reproducible, economical and less time consuming spectroscopic method was developed and validated for determination of cefixime. The solvent used was 0.1 N HCL and the absorbance maxima or the λmax was found to be 283.0 nm and 303nm for zero order and first order derivative respectively. This method obeyes Beer’s Law for the concentration range of 8–16 µg/ml for cefixime. The proposed method was been validated statistically as per the ICH guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, LOD and LOQ. The method developed and validated successfully for the quantitative analysis of cefixime in bulk and dosage form.

Prasanna pradhan

The process of globalisation has made an unprecedented change in indigenous people's lives worldwide. However, the degree of exploitation and marginalisation vary from State to state and Adivasi tribal group to group. It examines very young, and older people are representing the highest number in the study areas. More than 73 per cent of Adivasi tribes are illiterates. The majority of families practice nuclear and have below three family members. Fifty-seven per cent of families have tiles roofs to their houses. 70% of respondents are cultivators (farmers), and 81% possess landholdings. More than 64 per cent collect minor forest produce. 68% of respondents earn less than 20k annual income. 90% of women participated in deciding their economic and family affairs—Majority Adivasi tribal suffering from anaemia, TB, BP and Diabetes. Adivasi tribals staple food is rice, followed by jowar—91% of respondents practising non-tribal traditional marriage system. The Government should take steps towards developmental activities in all villages, including water supply, bus services and roads. The Government has to take an integrated approach to develop Adivasi tribes in all aspects they need and participate in.

B suresh lal

The Group of Twenty (G20) has emerged as a pivotal forum for international cooperation, bringing together leaders from the world's major economies to address pressing global challenges. In this paper, we analyse the priorities of G20 leadership in fostering consensus and advancing collective action on key issues facing the global community. Drawing upon recent declarations, communiqués, and policy statements, we identify and examine the core areas of focus for G20 members, exploring both common ground and divergent perspectives. Our analysis reveals several recurring themes that underscore the G20's commitment to promoting economic stability, sustainable development, and inclusive growth. Addressing climate change and environmental sustainability emerges as a top priority, reflecting growing recognition of the urgent need for concerted action to mitigate the impacts of climate change and transition to a low-carbon economy. Additionally, enhancing global health resilience and strengthening pandemic preparedness feature prominently on the agenda, as demonstrated by recent efforts to coordinate responses to the COVID-19 crisis and bolster health systems worldwide. Furthermore, the G20 remains committed to advancing trade and investment liberalization, promoting financial regulatory reform, and fostering innovation and digital transformation to drive economic recovery and prosperity. However, divergent views on issues such as trade imbalances, protectionism, and technology governance persist, posing challenges to consensus building and cooperation among member states.

Dr gedam kamalakar

Human being has some basic needs which include Food, Clothing & Shelter, in addition to above Healthcare, Education, Sanitation are also core part of basic necessities in modern society. In above mention basic necessities Healthcare facility was near to unavailable till independence for majority of citizens in country but this picture change dramatically with help of FDI allowed by Govt. of India. Foreign Direct Investment as a strategic element of funding is required in every develop & developing country. FDI inflows are long term in nature which causes source of non-debt finance, as well as bring modern & innovative technology in country by creating international network. In this paper, author attempted to discover how FDI is crucially impact on Indian Pharmaceutical Sectors progress by stimulating domestic investment & new employment opportunities, improving healthcare facilities to citizens in India. With the help of available relevant secondary data, a qualitative approach was followed for the study. It was found in study that the major factors responsible for attracting FDI in pharmaceutical sector are rise in outsourcing activities, demand in the generics market, demand from emerging segments, increase in domestic demand, large numbers of forthcoming patent expires. On the other hand Indian pharmaceutical industry is facing some challenges such as, low government expenditure on healthcare, poor healthcare infrastructure in rural areas, lack of proper Govt. policy to attract larger FDI in healthcare sector.

Anshuman vijay magar

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of thermal processing techniques on the nutrient and antinutrient contents of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) flours. The pigeon pea seeds were sorted, cleaned and divided into five equal lots of 0.5kg each. Four lots of pigeon pea seeds were processed into blanched, boiled, roasted, and autoclaved pigeon pea flours, while the fifth lot was processed raw and used as control. The raw and thermally processed samples obtained were analysed for nutrient and antinutrient composition using standard methods. The proximate composition of the samples showed that the flours had a range of 8.61 - 11.46 % moisture, 21.13 - 23.94 % crude protein, 1.26 - 1.68 % fat, 5.12 – 6.10 % crude fibre, 1.74 – 2.97 % ash, 55.56 – 60.41 % carbohydrate and 333.45 - 342.75 kJ/100g energy, respectively. The mineral composition showed that the flours contained 86.24 – 144.72 mg/100g calcium, 137.80 – 170.33 mg/100g magnesium, 125.86 - 156.76 mg/100g potassium, 66.66 – 95.62 mg/100g sodium, 4.38 – 6.64 mg/100g iron and 130.27 – 178.29 mg/100g phosphorus, respectively. The vitamin content of the flours were 3.09 - 4.33 mg/100g ascorbic acid, 0.05 - 0.17 mg/100g thiamine, 0.03 - 0.21 mg/100g riboflavin, 0.13 - 0.28 mg/100g niacin, 3.21 - 6.25 mg/100g vitamin A and 1.10 - 2.70 mg/100g vitamin E, respectively. The antinutrient composition of the flours also showed that the levels of trypsin inhibitor, tannin, phytate, oxalate, saponin and haemagglutinin ranged from, 2.30 – 5.61 Tiu/mg, 0.81 – 1.5mg/100g, 1.12 - 4.18mg/100g, 0.48-4.01 mg/100g, 1.28 – 3.66 mg/100g and 1.30 – 7.44 Hiu/g, respectively. Therefore, the study showed that thermally processed pigeon pea flours could be used as nutrient dense ingredients in the preparation of a wide range of foods for children, adolescents and aged adults especially in developing countries where the problems of protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrients deficiencies are prevalent than the raw sample.

Okechukwu obed chukwuemeka

Currently, there are three popular theories of corporate governance widely applied in the field of jurisprudence worldwide. They are Agency Theory, Stewardship Theory, and Stakeholder Theory. Based on these theories, the article focuses on clarifying legal issues about corporate governance, thereby suggesting solutions to the improvement of corporate governance legislation in Vietnam at present time

Iaeme

This paper explores the topic of supply chain management using case studies of companies from the automotive industry. Focus is given to the manner in which supply chain strategies in the automotive industry are designed and implemented, and how automotive companies configure their supply chains through collaboration, lean principles and agility. The paper also explores how advanced technologies, notably Big Data analytics and the Internet of Things, are utilised in the automotive industry to maintain a competitive advantage. Key findings made in the discussion are that success in supply chain management is greatly enhanced if firms seek to integrate the different components making up the supply chain. Additionally, the collaboration between entities fosters trust, which is a vital ingredient in the application of lean principles. The automotive industry shows that companies should pursue flexibility and efficiency, which are captured in the notions of agility and leanness, respectively. The paper identifies collaboration and advanced technologies as two critical sources of sustainable competitive advantages to organisations primarily in reference to supply chain management.

Mohamed sorogy

India is in the midst of a severe second wave of Covid-19. As per the Global Commission for Post-Pandemic Policy by mid-April of 2021, India had manufactured nearly 17 percent of all Covid-19 vaccine doses globally. It was the world’s fourth-largest producer, after China (about 36 percent), the United States (about 22 percent) and the European Union (more than 17 percent). Even so, following a shortage of vaccines and with insufficient local production, Government of India decided to import more foreign vaccines with quicker approval process for vaccines accepted in US/EU markets. India is currently using made-in-India vaccines, namely, Covishield manufactured by Serum Institute India and Covaxin of Bharat Biotech in its COVID-19 immunisation programme. The shortcoming in the production of vaccines and its dissemination within the country urges one to understand who the local producers are and how the market is playing out. This paper looks at the evolving market structure of vaccine production in India in the textbook framework of an oligopoly market. We use secondary data sources and daily newspaper briefs.

Nandini

The identification of isomorphism in epicyclic gear trains has been found a lot of attention by researchers for the last few years. Various methods have been suggested by different authors for the detection of isomorphism in planer kinematic chains and epicyclic gear trains (EGTs), but everyone has found some difficulties to address new issues. In this paper, a modified path matrix approach was presented in order to compare all the distinct geared kinematic mechanisms. A new method based on the matrix approach and corresponding train values is required to identify isomorphism among epicyclic gear trains and their mechanisms. The proposed method was examined on the basis of various examples from four-link, five-link, six links, and eight-link one-degree-of-freedom EGTs and six links two-degree-of-freedom EGTs. All the examples have been found satisfactory results with existing literature.

Jiyaul mustafa

Community pharmacies not only act as sites of drug purchase but also as healthcare setting. The aim of this study is to examine the extent of public’s use of community pharmacy and their reasons of visiting to Sabha, South part of Libya. Thus, a descriptive, cross-sectional survey with self-administered questionnaire was developed and validated. Data was collected during 2019 by registered pharmacists using the self-designed prepared questionnaire for community pharmacies in Sebha. Of all 600 questionnaires were handed during 2020, 462 forms were returned (77%, response rate). The majority of the respondents reported they had visited the community pharmacies at least once in a month (n = 343, 74%). The highest reason of visiting reported by the respondents was dispensing their prescription medications (n = 304, 65%) while purchasing medication without prescriptions was accounted with n = 162, (35%). The highest rate of the respondents was given advice about antibiotic use (n = 224, 48%) followed by physical exercises (n = 178, 39%) and healthy eating (n = 173, 37%). The majority of the respondents preferred to visit community pharmacy over other healthcare centers because of minor health problems (n = 358, 77%). The major factors influence the consumers choose any particular pharmacy were the professionalism of pharmacy staff (n = 254, 55%) and the availability of the medical products (n = 221, 48%). The respondents incline to choose community pharmacy as a primary health center when they faced drug related problem (n = 248, 54%). In conclusion, the current study revealed that the majority of Libyan people are regular users of community pharmacies and various services and topics of advice have been given by their staff. However, shortage of professional pharmacists in community pharmacies can undermine the opportunity of given reliable pharmaceutical care from these communications.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Whewellite crystals are most commonly found in the kidneys, ureter and urinary bladder, causing urolithiasis. The present in vitro study aimed to observe the possible growth patterns and morphology of whewellite crystals. The study was carried out in U-shaped test tubes. Bow shape, donuts and their aggregates, dumbbell, platy, prismatic, rosette, styloid, X-shape and tetragonal bipyramidal crystals were observed. Energy Dispersive X-ray, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopies and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to characterize the crystals. This study will be helpful in determining the promotion, modulation, and inhibition of the crystals, as well as evaluating risk factors and prophylactic management of urinary stones.

Dr. salman ahmed

Anemia is a common health problem among Libyan women. Age, heavy menstruation, and pregnancy are vital risk factors for this problem. In this study, we prospectively examined 60 Libyan women all of which were diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia, their hemoglobin levels were less than 10.0 g/dl. The level of hemoglobin is also analyzed for vegetarian and charcoal-eating women. We found that during pregnancy charcoal-eating women exhibit lower hemoglobin levels than non-eating women. Pregnant young women in the age of 17-27 years have the lowest hemoglobin levels than the other age groups. In addition, vegetarians, heavy coffee and tea drinking, and heavy menstruation in non-pregnant women, as well as breastfeeding, strongly lower hemoglobin levels as measured by their complete blood count.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences