Financial literacy education is a lifelong asset that every individual needs to function and fit well in modern-day society. It provides the financially savvy better decision making, best investment alternatives and family wellbeing. Unfortunately, most consumers especially in this part of our world appear relatively less active and less confident in participating meaningfully in the financial sector due to a lack of knowledge about the complex nature of financial products and services and indeed the risk that goes with them. As a contribution in addressing this problem, this study looked at financial literacy education and its implication on the economic and social life of the teacher in the Upper East Region of Ghana. With a descriptive survey design, 118 participants responded to questionnaires. Results showed low levels of financial literacy among participants which can negatively affect their daily financial management. It is therefore definite that the financially literate has the advantage to undertake prudent alternative investment decisions and is able to make informed retirement planning. Being financially illiterate adversely affects one’s life in relation to the culture of savings, expenditure pattern, investment decisions and budgeting skills, making the individual economically insecure. The study has policy frontier implications; policymakers in the financial sector, governments, non-governmental organisations and equity owners are encouraged to come to the aid of consumers, especially teachers, by way of introducing professional teacher development programmes specifically tailored at uplifting their financial literacy knowledge and skills.

Juabin matey

Antimicrobial resistance poses a critical threat to global health, exacerbated by inappropriate antibiotic usage. This study evaluates antibiotic consumption at Hospital 199, a public security hospital in Vietnam, using the defined daily dose per 100 bed-days and the World Health Organization AWaRe classification framework. Data were collected retrospectively from inpatient departments over 2022, analyzing prescribing trends to assess stewardship effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. The findings reveal a total antibiotic usage rate of 60.8 defined daily dose per 100 bed-days, predominantly driven by watch antibiotics (63.8%), followed by access antibiotics (36.2%), and minimal use of reserve antibiotics (0.0003%). Critical care departments, such as anesthesiology and intensive care, reported the highest consumption (190.54 DDD/100 bed-days), which may reflect the complexity of care provided and potential empirical prescribing practices, or an elevated infectious burden. β-lactam antibiotics accounted for 59.4% of total use, with third-generation cephalosporins representing the largest subgroup at 40.2% of defined daily doses. While adherence to stewardship principles was evident in the limited use of reserve antibiotics, the reliance on broad-spectrum agents highlighted systemic challenges, including empirical prescribing practices and limited diagnostic capacity. This study highlights the need for targeted interventions to promote access to antibiotics, reduce over-reliance on watch agents, and enhance diagnostic support. By aligning local practices with World Health Organization guidelines, Hospital 199 demonstrates its potential to combat antimicrobial resistance effectively. These findings offer insights for similar low- and middle-income settings, contributing to global efforts to mitigate resistance and optimize antibiotic stewardship.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a frequently utilized analytical method that has numerous characteristics, including high selectivity, sensitivity, and a reduced time requirement. Upon using this fabulous technique, the limit of detection is reduced, and the accuracy, precision, reliability, and specificity can be expanded. This technique plays a crucial role in both qualitative and quantitative analysis throughout the various stages of drug production, from the initial discovery of the drug to its excretion from the body. The role of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in pharmaceutical analysis during various stages of drug discovery, production, and clinical use, including drug pharmacokinetics, is reviewed and discussed in detail. This provides an overview of the benefits of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography from the chemical, pharmaceutical, and clinical perspectives.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Human resource management is critical for hospitals but is frequently disturbed by employee retention issues. This research aims to determine the influence of compensation, organizational commitment, and work motivation on employee retention at Malahayati Medan. The research method applied is quantitative research by collecting data through questionnaires distributed from July to October 2022. The sampling method used is purposive sampling, with 78 employees as the sample. The data analysis method used is descriptive statistics, coefficient determination, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing with t-test and F-test. The results of the t-test are compensation, organizational commitment, and work motivation partially influence employee retention. The results of the F test showed that all independent variables simultaneously influence employee retention and 61.1% of employee retention is influenced by compensation, organizational commitment, and work motivation. It is recommended for companies in similar industries pay attention to the results of this research.

L

A 28-year-old female presented with recurrent chronic abdominal pain. An abdominal ultrasound revealed cholelithiasis, characterized by two large stones and several smaller ones. Laboratory tests including liver function tests were within normal limits. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy revealed an enlarged dark black liver, with round margins suggestive of Dubin Johnson syndrome (Figure 1) , while the Gallbladder was distended with multiple calculi inside. Successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done with a liver biopsy. Histopathology of the gallbladder revealed chronic cholecystitis. A liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Dubin Johnson Syndrome. The follow-up was uneventful.

Karishma

Impurity is something that is impure or makes something else impure. An impure substance may be defined as follows: a substance of interest mixed or impregnated with an extraneous or usually inferior substance, from the standpoint of its usage, the drug substance is compromised in terms of purity even if it contains another material with superior pharmacological or toxicological properties. The impurity may be developed either during formulation, or upon aging of both API’s and formulated API’s in medicines. The presence of these unwanted chemicals, even in small amount, may influence the efficacy and safety of the pharmaceutical products. The impurities are not necessarily always inferior. Highly sophisticated instrumentation, such as mass spectra meters attached to a Gas Chromatography or HPLC, are inevitable tools in the identification of minor components (drugs, impurities, degradation products, metabolites) in various matrices. Present article reveals different impurities found in the API’s, methods for identifying them and the possible measures to deal with the interferences caused by them in pharmaceutical analysis.

Prasanna pradhan

Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic disease that comes third after cerebrovascular and Alzheimer’s disease. Anti-epileptic drugs may affect certain hematological parameters of epileptic patients. Few researches investigated hematological adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs in Libya. Thus, the aim was to evaluate hematological parameters in epileptic children who are on antiepileptic drugs. This retrospective study included 83 pediatric patients with epilepsy recruited from Benghazi Children Hospital, Department of Neurology, from December 2017 to April 2018. Data collected included demographic characteristics, types of epilepsy, anti-epileptic drugs and serum hematological parameters. Hematological parameters recorded included: hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration and white blood cell count. In all treated patients, regardless of the number of antiepileptic drugs therapy used, the average levels of hematological parameters were significantly lower in treated group compared to control group (11.64 gm per dl, 34.53%, 27.74 pg and 33.13 gm per dl, respectively). A significant increase (12.12109 per l) in white blood cell counts in treated group was found. Average hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean cell hemoglobin concentration levels were significantly lower in patients on poly-therapy compared to mono-therapy and control groups. Average white blood cell counts were significantly increased in patients on anti-epileptic drugs. In sodium valproate users, levels of hematological parameters were significantly decreased but significantly increased in white blood cell counts. In diazepam users, significant increases in white blood cells and platelet but no difference in other parameters observed. There were no differences in all hematological parameters among patients using carbamazepine except for platelet counts (significantly decreased). In conclusion, there is substantial effect of the anti-epileptic drugs, especially sodium valproate, on hematological parameters of children despite the effects were not critical as the changes were still in the normal range.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

During the last few years, the pharmacy profession has expanded significantly in terms of professional services delivery and now has been recognized as an important profession in the multidisciplinary provision of health care. The paper highlights the current scenario of The Pharmacy profession in the health care system. The pharmacist is a backbone that strengthens to the health care system. Different roles of Pharmacist in different sectors of the pharmacy profession like Industrial, academics, community health, clinical research, drug design and discovery, developing NDDS etc. In nutshell, pharmacist plays an integral part in the health care system. “Physician gives medicine to the patients but life to the medicine given by pharmacist”. Role of Pharmacist in Health Care System

Kamal singh

Nuclei segmentation plays an essential role in histology analysis. The nuclei segmentation in histology images is challenging in variable conditions (clinical wild), such as poor staining quality, stain variability, tissue variability, and conditions having higher morphological variability. Recently, some deep learning models have been proposed for nuclei segmentation. However, these models rarely solve the problems mentioned above simultaneously. Most of the information in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained histology images is in its channel, and the remaining information is in the spatial domain. We observed that most problems could be solved by considering channel and spatial features simultaneously, e.g., the spatial and channel features provide the solution to the morphological variability and staining variability, respectively. Therefore, we propose a novel spatial-channel attention-based modified UNet architecture with ResNet blocks in encoder layers. The UNet baseline preserves coarse and fine features, thus proving the solution to the tissue variability. The proposed method significantly improves the segmentation performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods on three different benchmark datasets. We demonstrate that the proposed model is generalized for 20 cancer sites, more than any reported literature. The proposed model is less complex than most state-of-the-art models. The impact of the proposed model is that it will help improve further procedures such as nuclei instance segmentation, nuclei classification, and cancer grading.

Ibtihaj ahmad

The growing study of foreign policy change offers various explanations of change and continuity in foreign policy. By focusing on the actors of foreign policy decision-making, past scholarship has mainly concentrated on the role of institutional and noninstitutional factors in foreign policy change. However, decentralized decision-making is more relevant to democratic regimes than authoritarian regimes. Despite the abundance of case studies on foreign policy making in nondemocracies, advancements in the conceptual understanding of foreign policy change in authoritarian regimes are still needed. Addressing Uzbekistan’s foreign policy, this article proposes an advanced framework to explain why and how foreign policy change takes place under authoritarian leaders. A leader’s perception of the external environment is argued to be a decisive factor inducing authoritarian leaders to (re)consider their regime survival strategy. Concern with regime survival, in turn, shapes foreign policy goals which are manifested in distinctive foreign policy behavior of a leader. Ultimately, the behavior of a leader translates into certain foreign policy outcomes.

Feruza madaminova

In the present study nanoparticles of lomustine were fabricated using chitosan polymer crosslinked with different crosslinking agents like sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate. Different formulations of nanoparticles were prepared using different concentrations of crosslinking agents and polyethylene glycol 6000. The average particle size ranged between 112 nm to 942 nm. Zeta potential of nanoparticles ranged between 29.0 mV up to 56.0 mV. Encapsulation efficiency was variable from 58%-96%. The nanoparticles were solid spherical. In vitro drug release study was carried out in phosphate buffered saline solution pH 7.4 for 10 h. The analysis of regression values of Higuchi plot suggested diffusional mechanism and follows Fick's law of diffusion. Drug polymer interaction was absent as evidenced by FT-IR spectra and DSC thermograms. With polyethylene glycol inclusion shows interaction between lomustine and PEG. Cell viability assay (MTT Assay) showed that the lomustine nanoparticles were able to reduce the tumour cell proliferation and increased cell viability significantly (p< 0.05) as compared to pure drug in L 132 human lung cancer cell line

Archana mehrotra

Background: Perforation is the most serious surgical complication of peptic ulcer disease due to its attendant high morbidity and mortality. Hypovolemia, a consequence of gastro-duodenal perforation, is considered to be a cause of renal hypo perfusion with accompanied decreased clearance of urea and creatinine. The aim of this study was to determine the preoperative baseline serum urea and creatinine profile among patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease and the relationship of serum urea and creatinine with the outcome of care. Methods: A retrospective study of patients who had operation for perforated peptic ulcer disease over a 5-year period at Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, lafia, North-central Nigeria was conducted. Results: Sixty-four patients were studied with a mean age of 36.6 ± 12.3 years. Majority of the patients were males, 59 (92.2%). While 38 (59.3%) patients had elevated preoperative baseline urea levels, 37 (57.8%) patients had elevated creatinine levels. Out of 29 patients who had surgical site infection, 16 (55.2%) had elevated serum urea (p = 0.535) while 19 (65.2 %) had elevated serum creatinine (p = 0.579). An overall in-hospital mortality rate of 14.1% was recorded. There was statistically significant relationship between elevated serum urea and inhospital mortality (p = 0.007). Conclusion: This result showed that preoperative baseline serum urea and creatinine levels were elevated in majority of the patients. In addition, the result of this study suggests that elevated baseline serum urea level has considerable relationship with in-hospital mortality

Karishma

The Training and Development is considered as most important task to reach organizational goals. HR Analytics in Training of employees helps to understand better what is required among their Employees to increase Motivation and Skills which ultimately improves the employee Performance. HR Analytics is a method used to measure and organize information related to employee that give clean insights about the requirement of an employee. It also helps the Organisations to maintain record and analyse information of specific employee with specific skill sets, this helps in motivating, gaining efficiency and improving talent quality. For every organization, their employees are very precious asset. Thus, it is extremely essential to analyse, assess, and predict employee requirements. In this competitive world where new innovations come as a hurdle, it is very important to implement the new technology in organisation. This paper highlights the importance of providing training to the employees in organisation and its influence on employee’s better performance, organisational achievement and employees satisfaction.

Js

Urolithiasis is a common problem that has been afflicted for centuries and has a high recurrence. This review covers the sixty-four (64) antiurolithiatic plants of the family Fabaceae used in 18 different countries and their historical antiurolithiatc background. Hopefully, this review will be helpful for the general public and attract the scientific world for antiurolithiatic drug discovery.

Dr. salman ahmed

Ethanol extract of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem. Fruit peel was evaluated for antiemetic and anti-inflammatory effects using the chick emesis model and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The antiemetic effect was observed at 150 mg /kg body weight whereas the anti-inflammatory effect was observed at doses of 500, 750 and 1000 mg /kg body weight orally. Chlorpromazine 150mg/kg and indomethacin 10mg/kg orally were used as standard anti-emetic and anti-inflammatory drugs. The anti-emetic effect was determined by calculating the mean decrease in the number of retchings compared to those of the control group after 10 minutes of copper sulfate (50mg/kg orally) administration. The degree of paw oedema of all the groups was measured using a plethysmometer at the 5th hour of carrageenan (1% w/v) administration. The extract exhibited statistically significant anti-emetic (P< 0.001) and anti-inflammatory (P< 0.05) effects.

Dr. salman ahmed

A simple, precise, accurate, sensitive, specific and reliable stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Miconazole (MIC) and Ornidazole (ORN) in pharmaceutical dosage form. The method was developed with mobile phase containing buffer (0.05M potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate, ph3.5): Methanol in the ratio of 25:75, C18 (250 x 4.6mm, 5µm) as a stationary phase and flow rate was 1 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 236nm in UV-2000 detector. The selected chromatographic conditions were found effectively to separate Miconazole and Ornidazole at 6.58 and 3.26 min respectively. The proposed method has been validated for precision, accuracy, robustness. Thus, the statistical analysis confirms that developed methods were successfully used for analysis of formulation and thereby can be used for routine analysis of drugs in Quality Control laboratories.

Prachi barbhaiya

Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. (Papilionaceae) is commonly known as Horse gram and Kulthi. The seeds are reported as anthelmintic, diaphoretic, diuretic and emmenagogue. It is also useful for asthma, bronchitis, and urolithiasis. The present study evaluated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects of the methanol extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum seeds in 200 and 400mg/kg doses. Significant results were obtained in all activities.

Dr. salman ahmed

Gaucher Disease (GD) is the most common lysosomal storage disorder. The prevalence of GD is approximately 1/100,000, and type III GD accounts for 5% of cases. [1] It is an autosomal recessive disease due to a GBA gene mutation, leading to glucocerebrosidase enzyme deficiency. [1,2] Gaucher disease (GD) is categorized into three types according to clinical presentation: [3] Type I, which is non-neuronopathic and most common, particularly among Ashkenazi Jews; Type II, which is acute neuronopathic and marked by significant neurological involvement and high mortality rates; and Type III, which is subacute neuronopathic, exhibiting both systemic and neurological symptoms. In this report, we discuss a 24-year-old man from Libya diagnosed with GD type III. His diagnosis was established at the age of one due to symptoms including pallor, poor appetite, and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory tests indicated a hemoglobin level of 5.6 g/dL, chitotriosidase activity of 18,742 μmol/L, and an angiotensin-converting enzyme level of 251 UI/L. Genetic analysis confirmed a homozygous L444P mutation. He underwent splenectomy at the age of three, and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) was administered intermittently with regular follow-ups until 2011. In December 2023, the patient experienced two weeks of abdominal pain, distension, and fatigue. A physical examination revealed ascites, dilated abdominal veins, and an enlarged liver and spleen.

Karishma

This paper centers around how innovations adds to enhancing interoperability between IoT gadgets, and making effectively utilization of IoT gadgets. The proposed stage innovation gives semantic-based IoT data administrations, and semantic interoperability of IoT gadgets. This administration stage can be material to a great deal of semantic IoT administrations: gathering imperceptible data in genuine condition by brilliant gadgets, giving keen life benefits by sharing, taking an interest, circulating open detecting data.

Dr h shaheen

Indoor thermal comfort and air quality are essential for occupant well-being, while simultaneously optimizing energy consumption in buildings. Achieving a balance between these factors presents a significant challenge, as indoor environments are dynamic and energy demands fluctuate. By modifying ventilation rates in response to real-time data, demand-controlled ventilation systems can reduce energy consumption and enhance indoor comfort and air quality. However, optimizing these systems with advanced predictive models remains a complex task. To address this challenge, this publication proposes a Dual-Stream Multi-Dependency Graph Neural Network (DMGNN)-based energy-efficient ventilation management technique that maximizes indoor air quality and thermal comfort. The suggested method seeks to enhance thermal comfort and air quality by maximizing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) operations while reducing energy consumption. Initially data are collected from an Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Dataset. The DMGNN is employed to capture the complex dependencies between environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentrations, considering both temporal and spatial relationships. Implementing the proposed system and evaluating it through simulations in various building environments demonstrates notable improvements in thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and energy economy. The suggested system’s performance is contrasted with that of other current methods, showing superior energy efficiency and optimization of both indoor air quality and occupant comfort. This study presents an innovative, scalable framework for smart building management, promoting sustainable energy solutions.

Dr h shaheen