Therapeutic nucleic acids demand specificity and accuracy in design as well as delivery strategies used in replacement or silencing of the target gene. Gene therapy is believed to be the therapy in which the root cause of the diseases can be treated at the molecular level. Generally gene therapy helps in the identification of the origin of the disorder instead of using drugs to diminish or control the symptoms. The application of nucleic acids to treat and control diseases is known as “gene therapy.” Gene therapy consists on the substitution or addition of a functional gene into the nucleus of a living cell, in order to treat a disease or repair a dysfunction, caused by this gene failure. This therapy is used to correct defective genes, which are responsible for genetic diseases. Thus, gene therapy can be used to prevent, treat or regulate hereditary or acquired disorders, by the production of therapeutic proteins. The gene therapy is mediated by the use of viral and non-viral vectors to transport foreign genes into somatic cells to restorative defective genes. This review focuses on viral vectors in detail.

Dr.p.v.kamala kumari

La lecture de toute production romanesque signée d’une Africaine, laisse souvent transparaître a priori l’idée qu’elle évoque la victimisation de la femme par la gent masculine. Mais, à certain niveau, l’univers de sa fiction n’affiche pas de façon catégorique ou formelle cette question. Tel est le cas de Fatou Diome avec son roman en cours de décryptage. Le but de cet article est de montrer que l’auteure construit son texte autour de plusieurs facettes pour assurer la transmission des valeurs identitaires et que le choix de certains genres oraux et l’évocation de la problématique de genre (homme-femme) offrent des concepts qui servent à exprimer des faits propres à l’identité culturelle africaine. À partir d’une analyse thématique et sociocritique, nous comprenons qu’elle adosse insidieusement à ce thème la problématique de l’identité. Ce, à partir de plusieurs artifices littéraires qui sont entre autres le potentiel oral traditionnel du terroir et le discours revalorisant la femme, par ricochet l’identité africaine.

Assanvo

Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut) seed is the parent of many products like flour, milk, starch, and oil. All these share similar and sometimes better properties when compared to similar products obtained from other sources. This study aimed to produce and characterize a cream made from oil extracted from tiger nuts. The proximate analysis was tested by the established methods and data obtained show that tiger nut powder has a moisture content (14.50%), an ash (1.98%), a fat (51.27%), a protein (8.47%), fiber (13.94%) and carbohydrate (9.98%). The oil from the tiger nut was extracted using the hot press method, the tiger nut oil had an 8.00% yield. The oil was used to produce a body cream which was characterized and tested for its antibacterial activity. Its antibacterial activity showed inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomona aeruginosa. The characterization tests gave results of 1735.80 cP for viscosity, moisture content (1.07%), pH of 6.10, ash (5.11%), volatile matter (94.89%), electrical conductivity (390 µS/cm), spreadability at 30oC was 145.28 g.cm/s, at 35oC was 149.41 g.cm/s and 152.25 g.cm/s at 40oC. The cream was checked for stability and found to be stable at different temperatures. It was checked for allergens and it exhibited some level of allergic reactions. Physicochemical analysis of the golden-brown oil indicated the specific gravity (0.98), density (0.98 g/ml), acid value (1.82 mg/KOH/g), iodine (37.75 mg), peroxide (2.00 meq/kg), saponification (236.32 mg/KOH/g), free fatty acid (0.91%) and refractive index (1.46). The GC-MS analysis identified a total of 22 compounds. Oil, with the major constituents being palmitic acid (13.70%), oleic acid (18.50%), oleamide (31.25%), acexamic acid (4.68%), stearic acid (2.99%), squalene (2.87%) by composition. The study reveals that oil from tiger nut seed is useful when applied in the production of body creams and has possible uses in the production of antibacterial ointments.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Datura arborea Linn is a sacred plant known for over 3000 years to have been used for magical and curative purposes. It was shown to have a central nervous system depressant effect. The active substances identified were tropane alkaloids: atropine, scopolamine, and hyosine. Therefore, we aimed to find out whether the ethanol extract of Datura arborea Linn has sedative and hypnotic activity. The extract was subjected to a thiopental sodium-induced sleep test and diazepam was used as a standard drug. The plant possesses sedative-hypnotic qualities, the findings indicate that doses of 35 mg/kg (2.70.24 min), 70 mg/kg (3.80.19 min), and 140 mg/kg (4.30.20 min) decreased the control's (9.2 min) latency to fall asleep. In comparison to the control, the length of sleep was increased by 23.46 minutes for 35 mg/kg (99.002.99 min), 70 mg/kg (132.605.53 min), and 140 mg/kg (118.606.04 min), respectively. The present study established the acute toxicity of Datura arborea Linn to be less than 600 mg/kg in mice. This study indicated that the ethanol extract of Datura arborea Linn has a sedative-hypnotic activity in the diazepam-induced sleep test. It is safe to suggest that the extract acts via either β-receptor by causing hyperpolarization or a decrease in spike activity in the cell, leading to relaxation, but these effects were not blocked by β-antagonist or α2-receptor to decrease acetylcholine release, leading to relaxation of the smooth muscle.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Introduction: Mental health disparities are deeply entrenched within the fabric of societal inequalities, shaped by structural factors that perpetuate intergenerational cycles of disadvantage. Addressing these disparities is crucial for promoting social justice and improving public health outcomes. Aim: This paper aims to synthesize high-quality evidence to elucidate the causal relationships between social determinants and mental health outcomes. It prioritizes pervasive social determinants that influence major mental disorders across the life course and outlines preventive strategies to mitigate these effects. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on publications from the Global North from 2014 to 2024, to explore the influence of social determinants on mental health. Keywords such as "social determinants," "mental health outcomes," "preventive strategies," and "vulnerable populations" guided the search across databases like PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: The review highlights significant associations between mental health and social determinants such as socioeconomic status, racial and ethnic marginalization, and exposure to adverse environments. It underscores the heightened vulnerability of marginalized groups, including refugees, LGBTQ+ individuals, and those living in poverty. The paper introduces a preventive framework to guide primary prevention efforts and reviews both primary and secondary strategies to improve mental health equity. Conclusion: Strategic interventions aimed at the root social causes of mental health disparities can substantially enhance public mental health. This paper provides seven strategic recommendations focused on social justice, offering a roadmap for researchers, policymakers, and public health professionals to address these pressing issues.

Prof.k.c yadav

The novel coronavirus pandemic is affecting the whole world and it is predicted that the process will continue for a long time. The health, economic and social problems caused by this process have greatly affected women as well. In addition to the problems endured by the general population, women are facing additional challenges involving their reproductive health, pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period. Women are trying to deal with a range of concerns, from difficulties in accessing family planning services to being unable to meet their own basic reproductive health needs. Under the pandemic conditions, it has become increasingly difficult for social services to respond sensitively to women's particular needs. The needs of coronavirus patients take precedence, and the women’s needs remain in the background. Women are facing stress, anxiety, fear, as well as disease. So, midwifery practices need to be revised to adapt to the pandemic conditions. This revision must involve not only technical issues but also psychosocial adjustments. Women have been demanding home births on social media, and this is a subject that require some legal regulations. Respect for women's birth is one of their most fundamental rights. National criteria should be developed to accommodate the support structures needed for a home birth. The social support that midwives offer women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, play a key role. Since it is important to increase the awareness of midwives in this regard, this article deals with women's needs for social support and possible midwifery approaches for supporting women through their pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.

Reyhan aydin doğan

The Cellular Manufacturing is adopted in batch type manufacturing industries nowadays for their production with increased productivity, less cost and time with effective control. The proposed optimization model is used to determine the cost of machine cells, i.e., machine duplication, part subcontract, inter intra cellular movements cost and cost of production associated with machine cell, such as machine reconfiguration and part inventory considering machine flexibility for various time periods. Initially, a mathematical model is proposed to calculate machine cell cost with and without considering machine flexibility, and then another lpp integer model is proposed to calculate the machine cell production and associated cost for the changes in the time period, part type, and volume considering machine flexibility. The manufacturing data in the incidence matrix and machine cell, and part family data in the block diagonal form are given as input to the optimization programming language Cplex and the output is given for the two mathematical models. The data relating to machine duplication, part subcontract, inter intracellular movement; machine reconfiguration, and part inventory are given. Two-dimensional shop floor layouts are presented in rectilinear coordinates for all the problems for easy analysis of material movement length and shop floor area

S ramesh

Children's vaccinations play a significant role in public health efforts, particularly in reducing morbidity and mortality rates among children worldwide. However, challenges such as the accessibility of healthcare facilities, misinformation, and perceptions continue to affect the achievement of immunization goals in Tanzania and other developing countries. Based on the need to protect the community from diseases that can be prevented by vaccination, this study aimed to assess vaccination coverage and timeliness among children aged 12-23 months who attended postnatal immunization clinics in the Kongwa district located in the Dodoma region, Tanzania. A quantitative cross-sectional study was employed, involving 200 children who visited vaccination clinics along with their caregivers. Data were obtained through a questionnaire prepared and vaccination cards. This current study revealed that 96.0% were fully vaccinated, with 4.0% partially vaccinated, while no children were found to be totally unvaccinated. Timeliness varied across vaccines assed vaccines: 75.0% of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccinated on time, four doses of Oral Polio Vaccine ranged from 74.0-87.0% of on time vaccination. Three doses of the Pentavalent Vaccine and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine had on-time vaccination rates ranging from 79.5% to 86.0%. Two doses of the Rotavirus Vaccine reached on-time rates of 84.5% to 86.0%. 60.5% of people received the Measles and Rubella vaccine, with 35.5% experiencing delays and 4.0% remaining unvaccinated. This study revealed that, despite the national efforts to improve vaccination rates for children, issues such as delays and incomplete immunizations persist. Strategies like community engagement, continuous training for healthcare professionals, and improving healthcare accessibility in remote areas should be reinforced to improve vaccination uptake in Tanzania.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Background and Aim: Ultrasound popliteal sciatic nerve block (UPSNB) is commonly performed in foot and ankle surgery. This study aims to assess the use of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as adjuvants in UPSNB for hallux valgus (HV) surgery, comparing their efficacy in producing motor and sensory block and controlling postoperative pain. The adverse event rate was also evaluated. Methods: This mono-centric retrospective study included 62 adult patients undergoing HV surgery: 30 patients received lidocaine 2% 200 mg, ropivacaine 0.5% 50 mg and dexamethasone 4 mg (Group 1), whereas 32 patients received lidocaine 2% 200 mg, ropivacaine 0.5% 50 mg, and dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/Kg (Group 2). At first, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was evaluated after 48 hours. The other outcomes were time to motor block regression, evaluation of the first analgesic drug intake, analgesic effect, adverse effects (hemodynamic disorders, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)) and patient satisfaction. The continuous data were analyzed with student’s t-test and the continuous one with χ2. Statistical significance was set at a p-value lower than 0.05. Results: No significant difference was found in VAS after 48 hours (4.5 ± 1.6 vs 4.7 ± 1.7, p = 0.621) to motor block regression (18.9 ± 6.0 vs 18.7 ± 6, p = 0.922). The number of patients that took their first analgesic drug in the first 48 h (p = 0.947 at 6 hours; p = 0.421 at 12 hours; p = 0.122 at 24 hours and p = 0.333 at 48 hours) were not significant. A low and similar incidence of intraoperative hemodynamic disorders was recorded in both groups (hypotension p = 0.593; bradycardia p = 0.881). Neither PONV nor other complication was found. Patients in Group 1 reported a lower degree of interference with sleep (p = 0.001), less interference with daily activities (P = 0.002) and with the affective sphere (P = 0.015) along with a more satisfactory postoperative pain management (p < 0.001) as compared to Group 2. Conclusion: No significant differences were observed in the duration of motor and sensory blockade between patients in both groups. Additionally, both groups showed good pain control with a low rate of adverse effects, even if there was no clinical difference between the groups. However, patients who received dexamethasone reported experiencing less interference with their sleep, daily activities and overall emotional well-being, and overall pain control.

Dario cirillo

Progress in treating young cancer has increased the survival rate of the disease in recent years. Their accomplishment has brought the survivors a new challenge: to cope with their ordeal's physical, psychological and social ramifications that may limit their social integration and growth. If a child is affected by cancer, people face a double vulnerability: they are young and they are unwell, exacerbated by the existence of a society that equates cancer with death and promotes its classification as a tabuous subject. The overarching purpose of the study is to look at social-health relationships and the need to integrate both points of view to foster the social development of survivors of paediatric cancer after therapy. A list of societal contexts, including families, schools, peer groups and associations, will be presented in this respect. The connections of the participants are transformed by overcoming oncological conditions in different circumstances, which lead to changes in their subjective well-being and the social pathways.

Dr. amarjeet singh

Thrombocytopenia is a recurrent hematological disturbance in pregnancy. In pregnant women with thrombocytopenia, the risk of excessive bleeding during or after child-birth is high, particularly when they require a cesarean section, other surgery during pregnancy, labor or in the puerperium period. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of thrombocytopenia among pregnant women attending antenatal care service at Tripoli University Hospital, Libya. A cross-sectional analysis was used to determine the prevalence thrombocytopenia in pregnant women attending prenatal care services from July to December, 2020 at Tripoli University Hospital. A structured pretested questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data, nutritional factors, obstetrics and gynecological factors, history and clinical conditions. Venous blood samples were collected for platelet count and other platelet parameters, which determined by using Sysmex automation. A total of 72 participated women; about 40%, 35% and 259% of the participants were in the third, second and first trimester, respectively. The mean number of children that women have was 2, with 2.7% having just one child and 47% having three or more children. This study concluded that the prevalence of thrombocytopenia and mostly with mild form is 8.3% and as being greater among pregnant women living in rural areas. Health care providers should do thrombocytopenia test regularly for every pregnant woman in order to prevent excessive bleeding during pregnancy, especially whom living in rural areas.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This research was carried out at SDS Harapan Jakarta. This research aims to unravel the implementation of character education’s values through thematic subject, specifically on Indonesian Language Content. This research uses qualitative descriptive approach to gather research data deeply and thoroughly regarding character education’s value. Data collection was done using interviews, observation, and documentation. Miles and Huberman method was used to analyze data collected with the process of data collection, condensation, data display, and data verification. Triangulation was used to verify the validity of the data. The result of this study revealed that 1) The implementation of character education values in the content of Indonesian Language learning in Class 3 is implemented through reading and writing activities that prioritize the five main values in education according to the Minister of Education and Culture. 2) There are still less-effective efforts to achieve learning objectives. 3) There is still a lack of learning innovations carried out to achieve learning goals. 4) No lesson plans that are not made routinely as a means of evaluating learning. 5) There is still a need for improvement in the application of character education in Indonesian content that is linked to students' real experiences, both through online and offline learning.

Educare: journal of primary education

Stakeholder plays significant roles in project success. They ensure clear communication of project goals, contribute to decision-making, and demonstrate commitment, increasing the likelihood of successful outcomes. They also act as advocates within their organizations, generating buy-in and support. The main purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss the roles of shareholders in a project success. The paper is conceptual in nature and uses a number literatures ranging from 2007 to 2023 from a good number of journals. After scrutinized the literature review, the paper concludes a number of findings. The findings implies that stakeholders in a project is crucial for its success and sustainability. Stakeholders play a significant role in ensuring the performance of the project. Project managers need to acquire stakeholder management skills to address the communication requirements of stakeholders. This is important for the success of the project. The paper recommend that policymakers, practitioners and academia have to ensure the expectations and make a balance among the stakeholders.

Nazim ullah

There are more and more multinational enterprises growing in Indonesia that makes foreign employees are increasing every year. Thus, it is important for local workers to understand the leadership style of expatriates from the companies’ leaders and managers. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of transformational leadership style on job satisfaction conducted at PT Musim Mas, Medan. This research uses quantitative method with simple random sampling of 36 employees working in the company. The test results show that transformational leadership style has a positive significant effect on job satisfaction at PT Musim Mas, Medan as much as 69.5%.

L

Background: Hyoscine N-butylbromide (HBB; Buscopan) is commonly used in obstetric practice to accelerate labor and facilitate cervical dilation, yet variability in knowledge, attitude, and clinical usage persists among practitioners. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and usage patterns of HBB among medical practitioners at Abia State University Teaching Hospital (ABSUTH), Aba, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted between August 2024 and April 2025 among 102 medical practitioners directly involved in labor care at ABSUTH. A structured, self-administered questionnaire, validated through expert review and pilot testing (Cronbach’s α = 0.78), was used to collect data on demographics, knowledge, attitude, and usage patterns. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square tests and Pearson correlations, were performed using SPSS v. 25.0. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Among 102 respondents, 93.1% had heard of HBB, and 70.6% correctly identified it as an antispasmodic. While 69.6% recognized its primary mechanism as cervical relaxation, 48% were aware of contraindications. The majority agreed that it is effective (mean = 4.12) and improves maternal outcomes (mean = 4.01). About 85.3% had administered it during labor, mostly in the active phase (64.7%), with the intravenous route being most preferred (56.9%). Statistically significant associations were observed between knowledge and attitude (χ² = 18.442, p = 0.001), specialty and frequency of use (χ² = 12.695, p = 0.048), and formal training with dosage knowledge (χ² = 15.210, p = 0.002). Knowledge, attitude, and usage scores were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). Conclusions: While the majority of practitioners at ABSUTH are familiar with and frequently use HBB in labor management, knowledge gaps and variations in practice remain. Strengthening formal training and incorporating standardized protocols could improve evidence-based usage and maternal outcomes.

Karishma

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of initial chick weight at the first day of the hatch on subsequent performance of Iraqi local chickens. 150 unsexed chicks of local chickens weighted at first day of hatch then divided to five groups (A, B, C, D, E) according to the initial weight (26.4, 31.89, 36.38, 41.09, 46.91) gm, the birds were reared in a wooden cage consist of individual compartments with dimensions (30×30×40) cm, The feed and water was available adlibitum, The birds and feed weighted weekly by sensitive balance. The result shows that initial weight had a significant effect on body weight, weight gain, feed and protein consumption, and growth rate but not significant on feed and protein conversion, where group E showed the best results, The relationship between initial body weight and productive traits were studied and the prediction equation of productive traits depending on initial weight shows highly significant

Rafea mohammedtaher khulel

The purpose of this paper is to offer insights that can help researchers to link ontology, epistemology and research methodology. This paper outlines the links among ontology, epistemology and research methodology by exploring ontological, epistemological and methodological perspectives in the research. It discusses how ontological and epistemological issues influence research methodology by providing a clear understanding of different research methodologies based on ontology and epistemology. Furthermore, attention is given to research aspects such as the elements of the research process, research philosophy, research approach, research strategy, the choice of method, and research design

Mukhles m. al-ababneh

Dynamic capability has been used as the basis for organizations to build digital transformation to stay competitive in the market. This literature review aims to determine the significance of dynamic capability and digital transformation in family businesses. Using a systematic literature review methodology and utilizing the Dimensions database, three articles that met the criteria and fulfilled the goal of the review were selected. The findings indicate that family businesses have important dynamic capabilities that can aid their survival and expansion through digital transformation. Therefore, family business owners and managers should be able to identify and effectively use their dynamic capabilities to implement digital transformation in their business operations.

L

In addition to predatory journals and publishers, researchers now need to be wary of predatory conferences as well with the checklist given here to really check yourself.Because the predatory journals and publishers make target to the new researchers there must be need of that type of articles

Dr.ved nath jha

The objective of the paper is to predict corporate bankruptcy of selected telecom service sector companies. The study ranges for a period of ten years from 2006-2007 to 2015-2016 for three selected telecom service sector. By applying Altman's Z-score model the study analyze the financial position of the companies and suggests the financial components to be concentrated to improve the financial health. Further the study suggests that the companies should regularly estimate Z-score for making strategies to improve their financial position.

Dr. jeyalakshmi p